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ASSIGNMENT SOLUTIONS GUIDE (2014-2015)

E.S.-331
ikB~;e rFkk vuqns'ku
(Curriculum and Instructions)
Disclaimer/Special Note: These are just the sample of the Answers/Solutions to some of the Questions given in the
Assignments. These Sample Answers/Solutions are prepared by Private Teacher/Tutors/Auhtors for the help and Guidance
of the student to get an idea of how he/she can answer the Questions of the Assignments. We do not claim 100% Accuracy
of these sample Answers as these are based on the knowledge and cabability of Private Teacher/Tutor. Sample answers
may be seen as the Guide/Help Book for the reference to prepare the answers of the Question given in the assignment. As
these solutions and answers are prepared by the private teacher/tutor so the chances of error or mistake cannot be denied.
Any Omission or Error is highly regretted though every care has been taken while preparing these Sample Answers/
Solutions. Please consult your own Teacher/Tutor before you prepare a Particular Answer & for uptodate and exact
information, data and solution. Student should must read and refer the official study material provided by the university.

iz'u 1- mfpr mnkgj.kksa lfgr f'k{k.k vkSj vfkxe osQ ms'; fodflr djus osQ esxj mikxe dh O;k[;k dhft,A
mkj(1) jkcVZ esxjt mikxe (Robert Magers approach)jkcVZ eSxj us Mk- Cywe ds fl)kUr esa O;kogkfjd laKk ds :i esa O;ogkj
fLFkr djus ds fy, vusd d`R; f;kvksas dks viuk;k A blds dk;Z lwpd f;k;sa (Action verbs) Hkh lq>kbZ A eSxj us ms';ksa dks fy[kus ds
rhu pj.k lq>k,
(i) lekfIr O;ogkj dh igpku vFkkZr f'k{k.k ds i'pkr Nk= tks dqN Hkh djus esa leFkZ gksasxs A
(ii) mu egoiw.kZ n'kkvksa dk o.kZu ftlds varxZr okaNuh; O;ogkj ifjorZu vkus dh lEHkkouk gS A
(iii) Lohd`r miyfC/k vFkok okaNuh; lekfIr O;ogkj ds dlkSVh dk Li"Vhdj.k A

N
KkukRed {ks=kh; ms';ksa ds fy, dk;Z lwpd f;kvksa dk lwphdj.k
(List of Action Verbs for Cognitive Domain Objectives)

e
la1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

ms';
Kku

layXu dk;Z lwpd f;k;sa

ifjHkkf"kr djuk] dFku (State) iqu%

(Knowledge)
Lej.k (Recall), igpku] ys[ku p;u] ekiu] lwph vkfn A
le>
Li"V djuk] igpku] oxhZdj.k] xq.k
(Understanding)
o.kZu] fp= djuk] izfriknu] lkjka'k vkfn A
vey
mi;ksx] jpuk] izn'kZu] x.kuk] [kkst]
(Application)
vkd`fr nsuk] ifjektZu] gy djuk] p;u djuk vkfn A
fo'ys"k.k
jpuk djuk] vuqeku djuk] fojks/k]
(Analysis)
vkykspuk] vUrj djuk] i`Fkd djuk vkfn A
,dhdj.k
O;k[;k djuk] fl) djuk] lEca/k
(Synthesis)
tksM+uk lkjka'k] ppkZ] rdZ djuk] ,dhdj.k] Hkfo";] dFku djuk vkfn A
ewY;kadu
rqyukRed p;u] lEca/k tksM+uk]
(Evaluation)
vkykspuk] vuqeku djuk] cpko djuk] ewY;kadu leFkZu djuk] tkp djuk vkfn A
mnkgj.k ds fy, laKk (Noun) dks le>us ds fy, ms'; dFku fuEufyf[kr gS
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(1) Kku (Knowledge)Nk=

laKk dks ifjHkkf"kr djus ;ksX; gksaxs A os laKk dks igpku rFkk pqu ldsaxs A
(2) le> (Understanding)Nk= laKk ds Hksn tkuus ;ksX; gksaxs A laKk dh igpku dj ldsaxs A
(3) vey (Application)okD; esa laKk dk Nk= mi;ksx dj ldsaxs A laKk dk mi;ksx djrs gq, okD; cuk ldsaxs A

izHkkokRed {ks=kh; ms'; gsrq dk;Z lwpd f;kvksa dh lwph

(List of Action Verbs of Affective Domain)

e
la-

ms';

layXu dk;Z lwpd f;k;sa

1.

izkIr djuk

Lohdkj] /;ku] iwNuk] fujh{k.k ilan

djuk] idM+uk] [kkstuk] i{k ysuk] p;u djuk vkfn A
lquuk] mj nsuk] iw.kZ djuk] fodkl
djuk] lgk;rk djuk] vkKk ekuuk] ladyu vH;kl] fy[kuk] dFku] lwph cukuk vkfn A
Lohdkj] pquuk] foHksn djuk] fodkl]
izHkko izkIr djuk] iw.kZ djuk] ilan djuk] 'kkfey gksuk vkfn A
ifjorZu] Lohdkj] fu.kZ; ysuk] fo'ks"krk;sa
crkuk] fl) djuk] fu.kZ; ysuk] ifj"d`r djuk] iqujko`f] tkp djuk] varj djuk vkfn A
ifjorZu] Lohdkj] fuf'pr djuk
(Decide), fo'ks"krk;sa crkuk] fu.kZ;
ysuk] ifj"d`r djuk] nksgjkuk] tkp djuk] vUrj djuk] vkfn A

(Receiving)

izR;qj nsuk

2.

(Responding)

ewY;kadu djuk

3.

(Evaluating)

laxBu djuk

4.

(Organising)

fo'ks"krk;sa
fu/kkZj.k djuk

5.

(Characterisation)

izHkkokRed {ks= ds fy, lkekftd v/;;u ms';ksa dks O;kogkfjd lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr gS
(1) izkIr

djuk

(2) izR;qqkj
(3) ewY;

nsuk

djuk

(4) O;oLFkk

(Receving)Nk=

(Responding)Nk=
(Valuing)Nk=

djuk

(5) fo'ks"krkvksa

ukxfjdksa ds dZO;ksa dks Lohdkj djrk gS A og mudks ilan vuqdj.k djrk gS A

ukxfjdksa ds dZO;ksa dks fy[krk ;k crkrk gS A og mldk ys[kk j[krk gS A

ukxfjdksa ds dZO;ksa dks vf/kd ilan djrk gS A og muds vUrj dks le>rk ;k Lohdkj djrk gS A

(Organising)Nk=

dk fu/kkZj.k

ukxfjdksa ds dZO;ksa dks iwjk djrk gS A og mudk ,dhdj.k djrk gS A

(Characterisation)Nk=

ukxfjdksa ds dZO; dks la'kksf/kr djrk gS A mudh tkp djrk gS A

jkcVZ eSxj ds mikxe dh lhek,

(Limitations of Robert Magers Approach)

(i) ;g

KkukRed vkSj HkkokRed {ks=ksa ij cy nsrk gS] ijUrq f;kRed {ks= dk nqyZHk djrk gS A
(ii) O;kogkfjd mikxe] vf/kxe ds mhiu&izR;qj rd lhfer gS A
(iii) ekufld izf;k dh vkSj nqyZHkdj dk;Z lwpd f;k ij cy nsrk gS A
(iv) dk;Z lwpd f;kvksa esa ,d nwljs ij vkPNknu gS blfy, nqckssZ/kiw.kZ gS A
(v) dk;Z lwpd f;kvksa esa ,d nwljs dh lwph cgqr yEch gS A

iz'u 2- d{kk esa i<+krs le; vki lEiwjd dkS'ky dk iz;ksx fdl izdkj fd;k djsaxs\ mYys[k dhft,A
mkjf'k{kk ds {ks= esa f'k{kd dh miyfC/k izkIr djuk ,d tfVy dk;Z gS A mls fofHkUu Nk=ksa esa foLr`r ms';ksa dks iwjk djuk iM+rk gS A
d{kk esa fofHkUu {kerkvksa vkSj ;ksX;rkvksa ds Nk= gksrs gSa A izfrHkk'kkyh Nk= vf/kxe esa vf/kd #fp ysrs gSa A dqN vkSlr dksfV vkSj dqN uhsps
ds Nk= gksrs gSa A dqN rks i<+us esa vfr detksj gksrs gSa A ,sls esa f'k{kd dks vusd vuqns'kukRed fof/k;ksa dk lgkjk ysuk iM+rk gS A
f'k{kd fu;af=r vuqns'ku ls lEc) dkS'kyksa esa iz'uksj dkS'ky egoiw.kZ gS A Nk=ksa ds fpUru ds iz'u Hkh fofo/k izdkj ds gksrs gSa ftUgsa
iwNus dh fo'ks"k fof/k gksrh gS A iz'u iwNus ls Nk= mhIr gks tkrk gS vkSj vf/kxe ds fy, foo'k gks tkrk gS A iz'uksj dkS'ky ds leku vuq'khyu
dkS'ky Hkh egoiw.kZ gSa A
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vuq'khyu iz'uksa ds dkS'ky dk vFkZ (The meaning skills of probing questions)iz'u iwNdj f'k{kd Nk=ksa dk /;ku vkd"kr dj
ldrk gS] mUgsa vfHkizsfjr dj ldrk gS] muesa #fp vkSj ftKklk mRiu dj ldrk gS vkSj muds iwoZ Kku dks u;s Kku ls tksM+ ldrk gS A f'k{kd
Nk=ksa dks fpUru'khy cukuk pkgrk gS A mUgsa xgjkbZ ls lkspus dh vknr Mkyuk pkgrk gS A ,sls iz'u tks Nk=ksa dh leL;k ds fofHkUu igyqvksa
ij lkspus rFkk mudh xgjkbZ rd igqpus ds fy, ck/; djrs gSa] mUgsa gh vuq'khyu iz'u dgrs gSa A
vuq'khyu iz'u dkS'ky ds ?kVd (Components of skills probing questions)
(i) ladsr nsuk (Prompting)
(ii) foLr`r lwpuk izkfIr (Seeking further information)
(iii) iqu% dsUnzhdj.k (Refocussing)
(iv) iqu% izs"k.k (Redirection)
(v) vkykspukRed ltxrk (Critical awareness)
(i) ladsr nsuk (Prompting)tc f'k{kd iz'u iwNrk gS vkSj Nk= ls udkjkRed (Negative) mj feyrk gS tSlseSa ugha tkurk gw]
eq>s Bhd ekywe ugha rks f'k{kd ladsr nsdj mls Bhd mj ds fy, izsfjr djrk gS A
(ii) foLr`r lwpuk izkfIr (Seeking further information)tc Nk= v/kwjk mj nsrs gSa rks f'k{kd foLr`r mj izkIr djus dk iz;kl
djrk gS A blds fy, f'k{kd ;s 'kCn cksy ldrk gS % ^^dqN vkSj crkvks] nwljs 'kCnksa esa dgks] vkSj Li"V djks A
(iii) iqu% dsUnzh;dj.k (Refocussing)lgh mjksa dks ikdj v/;kid Nk= ds bl Kku dks vU; fo"k;ksa ls tksM+us dk iz;Ru djsxk A
bls iqu% dsUnzh;dj.k dgrs gSa A
(iv) iqu% isz"k.k (Redirection)v/;kid ,d gh iz'u dks dbZ Nk=ksa ls iwNrk gS A bls iqu% izs"k.k dgrs gSa A
(v) vkykspukRed ltxrk (Critical awareness)lgh mj ikus ij Hkh f'k{kd Nk= ls mj dh vf/kdrk dh O;k[;k djus dks dgrk
gS] bls vkykspukRed ltxrk (Critical awareness) dgrs gSa A
iz'u 3- eku yhft, vkidh d{kk ,d vR;fkd ckkkdkjd cPpk gS] d{kk izcaku esa vkiosQ }kjk iz;ksx dh tkus
okyh fofHkUu rduhdksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A
mkjd{kk&d{k izcU/k dh vo/kkj.kk dk vFkZ (Meaning of class-room management)d{kk&d{k izcU/k ls rkRi;Z ,d vuqdwy
d{kk&d{k okrkoj.k ds fuekZ.k ls gS ftlesa iwoZ fuf'pr vuqns'kukRed ms';ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy, vusd lk/kuksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tk lds A
;g f'k{k.k&vf/kxe izf;k dk vko';d Hkkx gS vkSj f'k{kd ds lEcU/k dks izdV djrk gS A ;g f'k{kd dh {kerk ij fuHkZj djrk gS og bldks
fdruk izHkko'kkyh cuk ldrk gS A blfy, d{kk&d{k izcU/k ,d izf;k vkSj ,d mikxe nksuksa ds :i esa Nk=ksa ds vf/kxe ij i;kZIr izHkko Mkyrk
gS A d{kk&d{k izcU/k vf/kxe ms';ksa ds iwjd ds :i esa Nk=ksa ls xgjk lEcU/k j[krk gS A
d{kk&d{k izcU/k f'k{kdksa dk ,d izeq[k dk;Z gS A ;g mls ,d vfrfjDr dkS'ky (Skills) iznku djrk gS ftlls og f'k{k.k&vfxe dk;ks
esa Nk=k dks yxkrk gS] og izHkko'kkyh vuq'kklu LFkkfir djrk gS vkSj Nk=ksa ls vuq'kkflr izkfIr dks iwjk djrk gS A bl izdkj d{kk izcU/k esa
d{kk&d{k esa ,sls okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k djrk gS ftlls vuqns'ku vkSj vf/kxe izf;k lqfo/kk ls lapkfyr gks lds vkSj Nk=ksa dh miyfC/k;ksa esa
o`f) gks lds A ;g f'k{kd&Nk= ds ldkjkRed lEcU/kksa ij fuHkZj djrk gS A Nk= mlh okrkoj.k esa vPNk vf/kxe izkIr djrs gSa tks muds ekSfyd]
O;fxr vkSj euksoSKkfud vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djrs gSa A
d{kk&d{k izcU/k vkSj d{kk&d{k vuq'kklu eas vUrj (Difference between Class-room Management and Class-room Discipline)
d{kk&d{k izcU/k dh vo/kkj.kk O;kid gS ftldk lEcU/k izHkko'kkyh f'k{k.k vkSj vf/kxe ls gS A tcfd d{kk&d{k vuq'kklu dk lEcU/k Nk=ksa
ds O;ogkj ls lEcfU/kr gSa A d{kk&d{k izcU/k dk izkFkfed ms'; vuqns'ku vkSj vf/kxe ds fy, d{kk&d{k dk okrkoj.k cukuk gS u fd Nk=ksa
ds nqO;Zogkj ij dkcw ikuk A ;|fi d{kk&d{k izcU/k dk lEcU/k vuq'kklu ls Hkh gS] ijUrq og xkS.k gS A
Nk=kksa dh vko';drkvksa dks tkuuk (Understanding Students Need)f'k{k.k vkSj izf'k{k.k ds dk;ks ds fuekZ.k esa Nk=ksa dh
vko';drkvksa dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[kk tkrk gS A d{kk&d{k izcU/k esa ;g ,d izeq[k dkjd gS A blfy, ,d izHkko'kkyh f'k{kd f'k{k.k bl izdkj
ls djrk gS ftlls lHkh Nk= blesa O;fDrxr :i ls #fp ysa A blds fy, mldh vko';drkvksa dks tkuuk vko';d gks tkrk gS A mnkgj.k
ds fy, detksj Nk=ksa ds fy, laizR;;ksa dks ckj&ckj le>kuk t#jh gS A
Nk= dh euksoSKkfud vko';drk;sa d{kk&d{k esa mlds O;ogkj dks izHkkfor djrh g A mldh vko';drk;ssa fofHkUu :iksa esa izdV gksrh
g A tSls ,d Nk= d{kk&d{k esa okn&fookn esa Hkkx ugha ysrk gS] dksbZ iz'u ugah iwNrk gS ;k vius lUnsgksa dks nwj djus dk iz;kl ugha djrk
gS A ,sls esa f'k{kd dks mldh vko';drkvksa dks mfpr izsj.kk ds }kjk iwjk djus dk iz;kl djuk pkfg, A f'k{kd dks mlds vuqns'kukRed dk;Z
esa #fp ysuk pkfg, vkSj mldh le> dk ewY;kadu djuk pkfg,] mlds vyxko ds dkj.kksa dh nwj djuk pkfg, A tkfr] jax] fyax ;k vkFkd

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fLFkfr ds vkkkj ij mls d{kk&d{k ls ugha fudkyuk pkfg, A Nk= dks vPNh rjg ls le>us ds fy, mlds foLr`r fooj.k dk fjdkMZ ns[kuk
pkfg, A ;fn mldh vko';drk d{kk&d{k ls ckgj dh gSa rks mlds ekrk&firk ;k vfHkHkkod ls lEidZ djuk pkfg, A fofHkUu ijh{k.kksa
vkSj lwpukvksa ls Nk= ds fo"k; esa i;kZIr tkudkjh fey ldrh gS A
blds lkFk gh fo|ky; esa izfrfnu Nk=ksa ls lEcfU/kr fooj.k dks fy[kuk pkfg, A Nk= ls lEcfU/kr fooj.k O;fDrxr :i ls Hkh izkIr
fd;k tk ldrk gS A blls Nk= dh #fp;ksa ds fo"k; esa tkudkjh gks ldsxh tks f'k{k.k&vf/kxe eas lgk;d gksxh A blesa Nk= Hkh f'k{kd dh vksj
vkd"kr gksus yxrk gS A
Nk=ksa ds vf/kxe dh fpUrk lh/kk izHkkfor djrh gS A mnkgj.k ds fy, dqN Nk= Qsy gksus ds Mj ls vO;kofLFkr gks tkrs gSa A dqN Nk=ksa
esa fpUrk vf/kxe Lrj dks fodflr djrh gS A ,sls Nk= lQy gksus ds fy, dM+h esgur djrs gSa A f'k{kd dks Nk=ksa ds fpUrk Lrj dk irk yxkuk
pkfg, vkSj mUgsa nwj djus esa mudh lgk;rk djuh pkfg, A
lHkh dq'ky v/;kid fofHkUu izdkj ds lewgksa ds fy, fofHkUu izdkj dh f'k{k.k fof/k;k viukrs gSa A blh izdkj fofHkUu v/;kidkas ds
d{kk&d{k ds izcU/k dh rduhdh Hkh vyx&vyx gSa A fofHkUu ifr;k fuEufyf[kr gSa
(1) O;ogkj ifjorZu rduhdh (Behaviour modifications technique)bl rduhdh dk eq[; vk/kkj ;g gS fd f'k{kd O;ogkj dk
Nk= O;ogkj ij izHkko iM+rk gS A f'k{kd dk ;g ije dZO; gS fd og d{kk&d{k ds [kjkc vkSj vPNs O;ogkjksa dks igpkus A f'k{kd dks vuSfPNd
O;ogkjksa dk ifjR;kx djuk pkfg, vkSj vPNs O;ogkjksa dks viukuk pkfg, A bl lEcU/k esa fLduj (Skinner) dk dguk gS
The teacher can use reinforcement to shape the desired behaviour. For example if the students demonstrate desirable
behaviour, it should be appropriately acknowledged and rewarded.

O;ogkj ifjorZu rduhdh nwjn'kZu ds dk;Ze cgqr vf/kd lgk;d gksrs gSa A bldk iz;ksx Nk=ksa esa visf{kr ykus ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk
gS] D;ksa fd vuqns'ku dk izcU/k izHkko'kkyh gks tkrk gS A
(2) Nk=k mkjnkf;RodqN v/;kid ;g vuqHko djrs gSa fd Nk=ksa dks vius O;ogkj ds fy, mjnk;h gksuk pkfg, A f'k{kd dk ;g ije
dZO; gS fd os Nk=ksa dks visf{kr vkSj vuisf{kr O;ogkj ds ifj.kkeksa vkSj vk'kkvksa dh tkudkjh nsa A d{kk&d{k esa bl izdkj dh izcU/k dh
rduhdh Nk=ksa esa LokuqHkko mRiUu djrh gS A ;g f'k{kd dk dk;Z gS fd os Nk=ksa dks vius O;ogkjksa ds izfr mjnk;h gksuk fl[kkosa vkSj mUgsa
ykHk u nsus okys O;ogkjksa dks NksM+us ds fy, dguk pkfg, A mYys[kuh; gS fd lapkj O;oLFkk vkSj lg;ksxh iz;klksa }kjk ,sls O;ogkjksa dks vPNs
O;ogkjksa esa cnyk tk ldrk gS A Nk=ksa dks ,sls f'k{kd dh vko';drk gksrh gS tks muesa mjnkf;Ro dh Hkkouk ykus esa lgk;rk djs ftlls os
i<+ ldsa vkSj viuh miyfCk;ksa dks mUur cuk ldsa A
(3) lewg f;k;sa (Group activities)dqN f'k{kd d{kk&d{k izcU/k esa ,d Nk= ds vis{kk Nk=ksa dh lewg ls lgk;rk ysuk pkgrs gSa A
os d{kk dks lewg ekurs gSa A iqjLdkj izkIr djus dh bPNk ls lewg ds lHkh Nk= feydj visf{kr O;ogkj izkIr djrs gSa A Nk= ,d nwljs ls
izfr;ksfxrk djrs gSa A ;gk f'k{kd dk ;g mjnkf;Ro gksrk gS fd og Nk=ksa dks dqN lewg f;k;sa ns vkSj muesa izfr;ksxh okrkoj.k mRiUu djs A
f'k{k.k mfpr iqjLdkj nsdj Nk=ksa esa visf{kr O;ogkj mRiUu dj ldrk gS A
(4) Nk=k vo/kkuksa esa dkS'ky (Skill in maintaining attention)lHkh dq'ky v/;kid Nk=ksa ds /;ku vkSj vko';drkvksa ds izfr xaHkhj
gks r s gS a A d{kk es a cS B us dh O;oLFkk bl iz d kj ls djuh pkfg, fd v/;kid lHkh Nk=ks a dks ns [ k lds a A f'k{k.k es a
/ofu ifjorZu ;k xfr ifjorZu }kjk f'k{kd dks viuh vksj vkd"kr djuk pkfg, A
d{kk&d{k izcU/k esa uohu fof/k;ksa dk ego (The importance of innovative methods in classroom management)f'k{k.k&vf/
kxe dh uohu i)fr;k ,d O;kofLFkr f'k{k.k iznku djrh gSa vkSj Nk=ksa dks f'k{k.k&vf/kxe f;kvksa (Teaching learning activities) esa layXu
djrh gSa A ;s fof/k;k d{kk esa vuqdwy vf/kxe okrkoj.k mRiUu djrh gSa A
bu i)fr;ksa esa fuEufyf[kr rhu oLrq, vko';d gSa
(i) f'k{kd }kjk i<+k;s tkus okys fo"k; dk iw.kZ Kku
(ii) Nk=ksa dh vksj ls izHkkodkjh lapkj dh rS;kjh
(iii) n`';&HkO; lkexzh dk iz;ksx
d{kk&d{k dh f;kvksa dk bl izdkj ls izcU/k djuk pkfg, fd Nk= muds lkFk ?kqyfey tk;s vkSj i;kZIr /;ku ns rFkk vuqns'ku esa lgHkkxh
cus A blds f;kRed vo/kku Hkh t#jh gSa] fo'ks"k :i ls tc Nk=ksa dks egoiw.kZ lwpuk; nh tk, A blds fy, fo'ks"k n`';&HkO; lkexzh iz;ksx
dh tk ldrh gS A mnkgj.k ds fy, nloha dks e/;dkyhu bfrgkl i<+krs le; mUgsa ml dky dh fQYe fn[kkuh pkfg,] jk"Vh; xku xkuk pkfg,]
;q) dh frfFk;k vkSj lsukifr;ksa ds uke crkuk pkfg, A fQYe izn'kZu ls Nk=ksa dh #fp vkSj mRlqdrk tkx`r gksxh A

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