Chapter 9

Networks and Communications

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World

ObjectivesOverview

Discussthepurposeofthe
componentsrequiredfor
successfulcommunications
andidentifyvarioussending
andreceivingdevices

Describetheusesof
computercommunications

Listadvantagesofusinga
network,anddifferentiate
amongLANs,MANs,and
WANs

Differentiatebetween
client/serverandpeerto
peernetworks,and
describehowaP2P
networkworks

Differentiateamongastar
network,busnetwork,and
ringnetwork

Describethevarious
networkcommunications
standards

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

SeePage459
forDetailedObjectives

ObjectivesOverview

Explainthepurposeof
communications
software

Describevarioustypes
oflinesfor
communicationsover
thetelephonenetwork

Discussdifferentways
tosetupahome
network

SeePage459
forDetailedObjectives

Describecommonly
usedcommunications
devices

Describevarious
physicalandwireless
transmissionmedia

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

Communications
Computercommunications describesaprocessin
whichtwoormorecomputersordevicestransfer
data,instructions,andinformation

Sendingdevice

Page460

Communications
channel

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

Receivingdevice

Communications

Pages460 461
Figure91

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

UsesofComputerCommunications
Blogs

Chatrooms

Email

Fax

FTP

Instant
messaging

Internet

Newsgroups

RSS

Video
conferencing

VoIP

Web

Web2.0
Page462

Webfolders
DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

Wikis
6

UsesofComputerCommunications
Userscansendandreceivewirelessmessages
usingwirelessmessagingservices

Pages462 463
Figure93

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

UsesofComputerCommunications
Textmessaging (SMS) allowsuserstosendandreceiveshort
textmessagesonaphoneorothermobiledeviceorcomputer
Picturemessaging allowsuserstosendpicturesandsoundfiles
Videomessagingallowsuserstosendshortvideoclips
Wirelessinstantmessagingallowswirelessuserstoexchange
realtimemessageswithoneormoreotherusers
Pages463 464

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

UsesofComputerCommunications
WirelessInternetaccesspoints allowpeopletoconnect
wirelesslytotheInternetfromhome,work,school,and
inmanypubliclocations

Pages464 465
Figure94

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

UsesofComputerCommunications
Acybercaf isacoffeehouse,restaurant,orother
locationthatprovidespersonalcomputerswith
Internetaccesstoitscustomers

Page466
Figure95

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

10

UsesofComputerCommunications
Aglobalpositioningsystem (GPS)isanavigationsystem
thatconsistsofoneormoreearthbasedreceiversthat
acceptandanalyzesignalssentbysatellitesinorderto
determinetheGPSreceiversgeographiclocation
GPSreceiversare:
Builtinto
manymobile
devices

Page466

Availableasa
handheld
device

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

Availablewith
newvehicles

11

UsesofComputerCommunications

Page467
Figure96

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

12

UsesofComputerCommunications
Groupware

Voicemail

Helpsgroupsofpeoplework
togetheronprojectsand
shareinformationovera
network
Componentofworkgroup
computing
Majorfeatureisgroup
scheduling

Allowssomeonetoleavea
voicemessageforoneor
morepeople
Computerinvoicemail
systemconvertsananalog
voicemessageintodigital
form
Avoicemailboxisastorage
locationonaharddiskinthe
voicemailsystem

Page467

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

13

UsesofComputerCommunications
Manyprogramsprovideameanstocollaborate,orwork
online,withotherusersconnectedtoaserver
Collaborationsoftwareincludestoolsthatenableusersto
sharedocumentsviaonlinemeetingsandcommunicate
withotherconnectedusers

Online
meetings
Page468

Web
conferences
DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

Document
management
systems
14

UsesofComputerCommunications

Page468
Figure97

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

15

UsesofComputerCommunications
Webservicesenable
programmerstocreate
applicationsthat
communicatewithother
remotecomputersover
theInternetoronan
internalbusinessnetwork
Amashup isaWeb
applicationthatcombines
servicesfromtwoor
moresources
Page469
Figure98

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

16

Networks
Anetwork isacollectionofcomputersand
devicesconnectedtogetherviacommunications
devicesandtransmissionmedia
Advantagesofanetworkinclude:
Facilitating
communications

Sharing
hardware

Sharing
software
Pages470 471

Sharingdata
andinformation

Transferring
funds

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

17

Networks

Page470
Figure99

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

18

Networks
Alocalareanetwork
(LAN)isanetworkthat
connectscomputers
anddevicesinalimited
geographicalarea
AwirelessLAN(WLAN)
isaLANthatusesno
physicalwires

Page472
Figures910 911

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

19

Networks
Ametropolitanareanetwork(MAN)connects
LANsinametropolitanarea
Awideareanetwork(WAN)
isanetworkthatcoversa
largegeographicalarea

Page473
Figure912

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

20

Networks
Thedesignofcomputers,devices,andmediaona
networkissometimescalledthenetworkarchitecture
Client/servernetwork

Pages473 474
Figures913 914

Peertopeernetwork

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

21

Networks
P2PdescribesanInternetnetworkonwhichusers
accesseachothersharddisksandexchangefiles
directlyovertheInternet

Page475
Figure915

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

22

Networks
Anetworktopology referstothelayoutofthecomputers
anddevicesinacommunicationsnetwork
Starnetwork

Pages475 477
Figures916 918

Busnetwork

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

Ringnetwork

23

Networks

Anintranet isan
internalnetwork
thatusesInternet
technologies

Page477

Anextranetallows
customersor
supplierstoaccess
partofitsintranet

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

24

NetworkCommunicationsStandards
Ethernet

Token
ring

TCP/IP

WiFi

Bluetooth

UWB

IrDA

RFID

WiMAX

WAP

Page477

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

25

NetworkCommunicationsStandards

Ethernet isanetworkstandardthatspecifiesnocomputer
controlswhendatacanbetransmitted
Thetokenring standardspecifiesthatcomputersand
devicesonthenetworkshareorpassaspecialsignal(token)
TCP/IP isanetworkstandardthatdefineshowmessagesare
routedfromoneendofanetworktoanother

Page478

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

26

NetworkCommunicationsStandards

Page479
Figure919

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

27

NetworkCommunicationsStandards
WiFi identifiesany
networkbasedonthe
802.11 standardthat
facilitateswireless
communication
Sometimesreferredto
aswirelessEthernet

Page479
Figure920

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

28

NetworkCommunicationsStandards
Bluetooth defineshowtwoBluetoothdevicesuseshort
rangeradiowavestotransmitdata
UWB (ultrawideband)specifieshowtwoUWBdevicesuse
shortrangeradiowavestocommunicateathighspeeds
IrDA transmitsdatawirelesslyviainfrared(IR)lightwaves
RFID usesradiosignalstocommunicatewithatagplacedin
orattachedtoanobject,animal,orperson

Pages480 481

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

29

NetworkCommunicationsStandards

Page481
Figure921

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

30

NetworkCommunicationsStandards
WiMAX (802.16)

WirelessApplication
Protocol (WAP)

DevelopedbyIEEE
Towerscancovera30mile
radius
Twotypesarefixed
wirelessandmobile
wireless
Provideswireless
broadbandInternetaccess

Specifieshowsomemobile
devicescandisplaythe
contentofInternetservices
Web
Email
Chatrooms
Usesaclient/server
network

Page482

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

31

CommunicationsSoftware
Communicationssoftware consistsofprograms
that:
Helpusersestablish
aconnectionto
anothercomputer
ornetwork

Managethe
transmissionof
data,instructions,
andinformation

Providean
interfaceforusers
tocommunicate
withoneanother
Page482

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

32

CommunicationsOver
theTelephoneNetwork
Thepublicswitchedtelephonenetwork(PSTN)is
theworldwidetelephonesystem

Pages482 483
Figure923

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

33

CommunicationsOver
theTelephoneNetwork

Dialup
lines
DSL

Dedicated
line

ISDNline

FTTP

Tcarrier
line

ATM
Pages483 485

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

34

CommunicationsOver
theTelephoneNetwork

Page483
Figure924

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

35

CommunicationsOver
theTelephoneNetwork
ADSLconnectionstransmitdatadownstreamata
muchfasterratethanupstream

Page484
Figure925

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

36

CommunicationsDevices
Acommunicationsdevice isanytypeofhardware
capableoftransmittingdata,instructions,and
informationbetweenasendingdeviceanda
receivingdevice
Adialupmodemconvertssignalsbetweenanalog
anddigital

Page485

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

37

CommunicationsDevices
Adigitalmodemsendsandreceivesdataand
informationtoandfromadigitalline

DSL
modem

Page486

Cable
modem

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

38

CommunicationsDevices

Page486
Figures926 927

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

39

CommunicationsDevices
Awirelessmodem usesthecellphonenetworkto
connecttotheInternetwirelesslyfroma
notebookcomputer,asmartphone,orother
mobiledevice

Page487
Figure928

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

40

CommunicationsDevices
Anetworkcard enables
acomputerordeviceto
accessanetwork
Availableinavarietyof
styles
Wirelessnetworkcards
oftenhaveanantenna

Page487
Figure929

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

41

CommunicationsDevices
Awirelessaccesspointisacentralcommunications
devicethatallowscomputersanddevicestotransferdata
wirelesslyamongthemselvesortoawirednetwork

Page487
Figure930

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

42

CommunicationsDevices
Arouterconnects
multiplecomputersor
otherrouterstogether
andtransmitsdatatoits
correctdestinationona
network
Manyareprotectedby
ahardwarefirewall

Page488
Figure931

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

43

CommunicationsDevices
Ahuborswitchconnectsseveraldevicesina
networktogether

Pages488 489
Figure932

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

44

HomeNetworks
Homenetworksprovidecomputerswiththe
followingcapabilities:
Connecttothe
Internetatthe
sametime

Shareasinglehigh
speedInternet
connection

Playmultiplayer
games

Page489

Accessfilesand
programsonother
computers

Connectgame
consolestothe
Internet

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

Shareperipherals

Subscribetoand
useVoIP

45

HomeNetworks
Typesofwiredhomenetworks:
Ethernet

Powerline cable

Phoneline

Page489

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

46

HomeNetworks

Page490
Figure933

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

47

CommunicationsChannel
Theamountofdatathat
cantravelovera
communicationschannel
sometimesiscalledthe
bandwidth
Latency isthetimeittakesa
signaltotravelfromone
locationtoanotherona
network
Transmissionmediacarries
oneormoresignals
Broadband mediatransmit
multiplesignals
simultaneously
Page491
Figure934

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

48

PhysicalTransmissionMedia

Page492
Figure935

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

49

PhysicalTransmissionMedia
Twistedpaircable

Fiberopticcable

Coaxialcable

Page493
Figures936 938

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

50

WirelessTransmissionMedia

Page494
Figure939

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

51

WirelessTransmissionMedia
Cellularradio isaformofbroadcastradiothatis
usedwidelyformobilecommunications

Pages494 495
Figure940

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

52

WirelessTransmissionMedia
Microwaves areradiowavesthatprovideahigh
speedsignaltransmission

Page496
Figure941

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

53

WirelessTransmissionMedia
Acommunications
satellite isaspace
stationthatreceives
microwavesignalsfrom
anearthbasedstation,
amplifiesit,and
broadcaststhesignal
overawidearea

Page496
Figure942

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

54

Video:GotYourVideoRightHere

CLICKTOSTART
DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

55

Summary
Overviewof
communications
terminologyand
applications

Howtojoin
computersintoa
network

Various
communications
devices,media,
andprocedures
Page497

DiscoveringComputers2012:Chapter9

56

Chapter 9
Networks and Communications

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World

Chapter9Complete