BUSSINESS ON STANDARD GAS MIXTURE

IN INDONESIA: PROSPECTS AND

CHALLENGE
Oman Zuas, Harry Budiman, Hery Haerudin,
Achmad Hanafi S.
Research Centre for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute Of Sciences
Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Banten 15314 Indonesia

6th Workshop of APMP/TCQM Gas Analysis Working Group on

Present Progress in Gas Metrology

May 19-23, 2008

Daejeon, Korea
 ABSTRACT

Standard gas mixture is very important material to ensure the

quality of measurement of gas component in order to get a valid
and accurate result as well as internationally acceptable which is
traceable to reference standard at higher levels, ending at the
primary standard. In Indonesia, the need of standard gas
mixture for industrial and environmental purposes is rapidly
increasing. This report presents a short report with regard to the
problem acquiring standard gas mixture in Indonesia.
Prospective of business and challenging on the development of
standard gas mixture in Indonesia are also highlight.

Keywords: standard gas mixture, industrial, environmental,

laboratory
 INTRODUCTION
Indonesia has almost 190 trillion cubic feet (CTF) of natural gas
reserves (proven and probable), the thirteenth largest in the world. In
the 2004, the country produced 3.03 trillion cubic feet of gas and
supplied 19 percent of world’s liquefied natural gas (LNG). LNG
accounts for 43 percent of the country’s natural gas production and is
exported mainly to Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Revenues gases
from exports are substantial $ 8.1 billion in 2004, about 11 percent of
Indonesia’s total export revenues. Indonesia still maintains its lead as
the world’s top LNG exporter until now. Domestically, gas demand
comes primarily from fertilizer and petrochemical plants (34 percent)
and the power industry (25 percent). The quality product of gas has
become the most important thing that affect to the revenues from
natural gas export in international market. The quality assurances of
gas product depend on the quality of measurement result to
determine the gases component contained in natural gas which is
carried out by the quality control laboratory of natural gas industry.
The European Union (EU) data showed that the 1 % error in natural
gas measurement caused the loss approximately 1 billion Euros per
year in market [4].
 INTRODUCTION (cont.)
In this case, the laboratory has to perform the quantitative
analytical measurement which is a critical component in
achieving accuracy in laboratory and manufacturing
application that include petrochemical process and natural
gas producing. Where the measurement instruments are
not calibrated, there is no certainty in the measurements
conducted. Therefore, the material called standard gas
mixture as calibration standard is needed to ensure the
quality of measurement of gas component in order to get a
valid and accurate result as well as internationally
acceptable which is traceable to reference standard at
higher levels, ending at the primary standard as required
in the ISO Guide 25 (currently ISO 17025:2005), Fig . The
standard gas mixture establishes a known analyzer
response to a certified gas component concentration. This
enables sample response to be converted to a
concentration whose accuracy can be determined [1].
 INTRODUCTION (cont.)

In the other hand, the standard gas mixture for achieving

reliable measurement is needed by not only the laboratory in
natural gas industry but also the accreditation environmental
laboratory in gas analysis area. The global warming issue has
become great concern in recent days. The air pollution
generated by the gas emission of vehicle, factory chimney etc
is the main cause of this phenomenon. So that the accredited
environmental laboratory especially in gas analysis area has
taken key role in monitoring the concentration of gas
emission in air such as CO, CO2, NO2, NO, SO2 etc. This
monitoring and analysis have to achieve the accurate and
reliable results in order to give the exact information to the
public and the exact input to the government for deciding the
action and policy regarding the environmental controlling
[2,3].
 PROBLEM ACQUIRING STANDARD GAS
MIXTURE
1.At present, the National Metrology Institute (NMI) is established in
Indonesia only for physical measurements such as mass,
temperature, pressure etc; however the NMI of chemical
measurements is not available yet. So that the need of reference
standard likes standard gas mixture is still obtained from the
accredited standard gas producer and the NMI abroad.
2.The purchasing of standard gas mixture from abroad need high cost
(tax import, shipping cost) besides the standard gas mixture itself is
very expensive.
3.Normally, the ordered process of standard gas mixture from abroad
takes a long time because some aspects has to be considered such as
delivery time, available stock (ready in stock or not), the custom
process etc.
4.The stability of standard gas mixture is limited. The standard gas
mixtures have a vary self-life reported in certificate of analysis
where it depends on the kind of gases and the technology of the
supplier [1]. In this case, the laboratory has to be perfectly
considered the self-life of standard gas mixture with the time
consuming in ordered process so that the standard gas mixture can
be well used in measurements.
PROSPECTIVE STANDARD GAS MIXTURE USER

Natural Gas Producer

Accredited Gas Testing Laboratory
Special Gas Company
PROSPECTIVE STANDARD GAS MIXTURE USER (Cont.)
Major Producers of Natural Gas in Indonesia (source: BPMIGAS)
TOTAL PRODUCTION OF
NO COMPANY LOCATION NATURAL GAS (2004)
MMSCF %
1 Total Bontang 909,932 30.03%
2 Exxon Mobil Aceh 507,096 16.74%
3 Vico Bontang 329,511 10.87%
4 BP West Java, Papua 182,209 6.01%
5 Pertamina West Java 383,870 12.67%
6 Unocal Bontang 124,199 4.10%
7 Conoco Phillips Grissik, Jambi 319,317 10.54%
8 Energy 73,668 2.43%
9 Caltex Riau 34,757 1.15%
10 Exspan South Sumatera 37,520 1.24%
11 Premier/Amoseas Nusa Tenggara Timur 56,357 1.86%
12 CNOOC/YPF/Maxus Papua, Irian Jaya 18,813 0.62%
13 Kodeco East Java 8,355 0.28%
14 Lapindo Sidoarjo, East Java 23,617 0.78%
15 Others 20,911 0.69%
TOTAL 3030132 100%
 PROSPECTIVE STANDARD GAS MIXTURE USER (Cont.)
Accredited Gas Testing Laboratory in Indonesia
NO LABORATORY TESTING LOCATION OWNED
1 PT. Sawu Indonesia emision gases Jakarta private
Laboratory of Process PPPTMBG
2 LEMIGAS Natural Gas Jakarta state
emision gases (CO, CO2, NO2, SO2, Bontang, East
3 PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur NOX, O2, NH3-N) Kalimantan private
Unit Pelaksana Teknis Laboratorium
Lingkungan Badan Pengendalian Dampak
4 Lingkungan Hidup Propinsi DKI Jakarta NO2, SO2, H2S, OX Jakarta state
5 Unit Pengolahan III PERTAMINA,Plaju octane Plaju, Palembang state
6 Unit Pengolahan II PERTAMINA, Dumai octane Dumai, Riau state
Pentene, pentane, nitrogen, oxygen,
CO2, CO, methane, ethylene, ethane,
Unit Pengolahan VI PERTAMINA, cyclo-propane, actylene, methyl Balongan, West
7 Balongan acetylene, C4 hydrocarbons Java state
Medan, North
8 Laboratorium Udara BAPEDALDA Medan SO2, NOX, CO, O3 Sumatera state
Laboratorium Udara BAPEDALDA
9 Surabaya SO2, NOX, CO, O3 Surabaya, East Java state
 PROSPECTIVE STANDARD GAS MIXTURE USER (Cont.)
Accredited Gas Testing Laboratory in Indonesia
NO LABORATORY TESTING LOCATION OWNED
Palangkaraya,
Laboratorium Udara BAPEDALDA center of
10 Palangkaraya SO2, NOX, CO, O3 Kalimantan state
Laboratorium Udara BAPEDALDA
11 Semarang SO2, NOX, CO, O3 Semarang, state
Laboratorium Terpadu Institut Pertanian
12 Bogor NH3, NO2, SO2 Bogor, west Java state
13 PT Sucofindo (persero) liquid natural gas Batam private
14 Pusdiklat Minyak dan Gas Bumi Cepu octane cepu, center of Java state
15 PT. Astra International, Tbk SO2, NOX, H2S, NH3 Jakarta private
Laboratorium Teknologi Gas - Pusat
Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi
16 Minyak dan Gas Bumi natural gas Jakarta state
Laboratorium Pengujian Emisi P Yamaha
17 Indonesia Motor, Mfg emision gases SO2, NOX, H2S, NH3 Jakarta private
18 PT. Suar Adhika Wahana Ujindo emision gases Jakarta private

Source: Directory of Testing and Calibration Laboratory, KAN-BSN, 2003)

 PROSPECTIVE STANDARD GAS MIXTURE USER (Cont.)
Special Gas Company in Indonesia
NO COMPANY LOCATION NO COMPANY LOCATION
1 Air Liquide Indonesia PT Jakarta, Cilegon, Bekasi 16 Kalindo Matesu Goautama Gas PT Palembang
2 Adijaya Prima Perkasa PT Jakarta 17 Mitra Guna Gas PT Karawang
Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Samarinda, Gedangan, Lawang,
3 Air Products Indonesia PT Tegal, Semarang, Gresik, Bekasi 18 Molindo Inti Gas PT Malang
Banjarbaru,
4 Amalgam Indocorpora PT Jakarta 19 Multi Guna Gas PT Banjarmasin
National Industrial Gases Indonesia
5 Aneka Gas Industri PT Kendari 20 PT Batam
6 Aneka Gases General Bekasi 21 Praxair Indonesia PT Bekasi
Jakarta, Surabaya,
7 Bandung General Gas Supply UD Surabaya 22 Samator Gas Industri PT Bekasi
8 Bangadua Petroleum PT Jakarta 23 Sentra Multigas Utama PT Bekasi
Tanjung Uban,
9 Beta Gasindo Agung PT Jakarta 24 Subur Intisurya Gas PT Menado
10 BOC Gases Indonesia PT Jakarta, Bekasi 25 Sumatera Olah Gas Industri PT Padang
11 Buana Nittanindo Gas PT Jakarta 26 Sumber Gas Jakarta
12 Daya Elgas Corporation PT Jakarta 27 Sumber Sejati Gas Raya PT Surabaya
13 Indomita Paragon PT Jakarta 28 Tasman Gases Bandung
14 Iwatani Industrial Gas Indonesia PT Bekasi
Tira Austenite PT Tbk Div Gas Gresik
Jakarta, Bandung, Karawang, 29
15 Jaya Gas Indonesia PT Bekasi,
 CHALLENGING ON DEVELOPMENT
STANDARD GAS MIXTURE
1. The metrology in chemistry is still developed in Indonesia.
Research Centre for Chemistry-Indonesian Institute of Sciences
has taken responsible in development of this area in order to
support the National Metrology Institute in Indonesia.
2. The high investment is needed to establish the National
Metrology Institute in chemistry area. Some equipments,
facilities, and laboratory building has to be provided to support
the chemistry metrology in Indonesia especially in development
of standard gas mixture such as mass comparator, gas
chromatography, gases mixer, homogenizer, cylinders,
represented laboratory for preparation standard gas mixture etc.
3. The scientific and technical capabilities in preparation of
standard gas mixture have to be developed. The preparation of
standard gas mixture requires a high degree expertise.
Therefore, the skill of human resources especially analytical
expertise is necessary to be enhanced related to this area [3].
 ACTIVITY ON DEVELOPMENT
STANDARD GAS MIXTURE

The good prospect of development of standard gas mixture in

Indonesia, as already explained, has encouraged Research
Centre for Chemistry-Indonesian Institute of Sciences to start
gas metrology research activity on the beginning of 2007 with
initial strategic by developing laboratory infrastructure to
support overall activities related to the gas metrology. The main
goal to be reached at the end of the project is to establish long-
term foundations for gas metrological infrastructure in
Indonesia to anticipate and meet the gas measurement
traceability needs of companies, research laboratories, test
laboratories and organizations in the wider community.
 CONCLUSION
• The development of standard gas mixture have good prospect
in Indonesia together with the developing of natural gas
process for energy and fuel supply either in state industry or
in private industry, and with the need of accredited gas
testing laboratory to achieve the quality of measurement.
• The Research Centre for Chemistry-Indonesian Institute of
Sciences has started the development of gas mixture activity
on the beginning of 2007 to support overall activities related
to the gas metrology with developing of not only laboratory
infrastructure but also the sciences and technical capabilities
of human resources.
 REFERENCES

1. Geib, R.C., 2005, Calibration Standard Gases are Key to

Reliable Measurements
2. Howarth, P., Redgrave, F., 2003, Metrology in Short, Second
Edition, EUROMET
3. Sumardi, 2007, Use, Need, and Development of Reference
Materials in Indonesia, 2nd APMP TCQM-DEC International
Workshop & Symposium and 2007 National Conference on
Metrology in chemistry Proceedings.
4. Anonymous, 2006, Petroleum Report 2005-2006, Embassy
of the United of States of America, Jakarta
5. Anonymous, 2003, Directory of Testing and Calibration
Laboratory, KAN-BSN