Basic CMG Workflow Course Notes - 2010.10

Tutorial
Builder & Results

Black Oil- Reservoir Simulation Model
Using 2010 General Release: Builder and Imex
Exercise 1
By Computer Modelling Group Ltd.
1|Page
Copyright Computer Modelling Group, Inc. Confidential
Table of Contents
A. REQUIRED FILES
B. STARTING CMG LAUNCHER
B.1 Introduction
B.2 Creating a Project in Launcher
C. CREATING A BLACK OIL MODEL USING BUILDER
C.1 Opening BUILDER
C.2 Selecting data
C.3 Explanation of Builder Window
C.4 Setting Input/Output Controls
13
C.5 Creating Reservoir Description Data
15
Loading Map and Creating the Simulation Grid
15
Assigning Structure Top, Thickness and Porosity
19
Creating Formula to Derive Perm from Porosity
26
Entering Rock Compressibility
31
C.6 Saving First Time Data-Set
24
C.7 Creating PVT Data
35
C.8 Creating Relative Permeability Data
30
C.9 Creating Initial Conditions
46
2|Page
C.10 Creating Well and Recurrent Data
47
Loading Well Trajectories and Perforation Data
47
Adding Historical Production Data
51
Averaging Production Data
54
Creating Field History File
56
Well Definitions and Constraints
57
Writing Restart Information
61
D. RUNNING THE MODEL IN IMEX
63
E. ADDING AN AQUIFER FOR HISTORY MATCHING THE RESERVOIR

PRESSURE
65
F. REVIEWING THE SIMULATION RESULTS USING RESULTS GRAPH AND

RESULTS 3D
67
G. USING THE HISTORY MATCHED MODEL IN A PREDICTION RUN
69
H. USING THE TRIGGER OPTION TO CONTROL THE INJECTION BASED ON

SECTOR PRESSURE
78
3|Page
A. REQUIRED FILES:
1.
Depth to TOS Map in AtlasBoundary Format (*.bna file)
2.
Gross Thickness Map in AtlasBoundary Format (*.bna file)
3.
Porosity Map in AtlasBoundary Format (*.bna file)
4.
Data (Excel file)
5.
Well Trajectories in CMG Format(*.bna file)
6.
Well Perfs in CMG Format (*.perf file)
7.
Production-history (*.prd)
8.
Production-history (*.fhf)
9.
Pressure History (*.fhf)
4|Page
B. STARTING CMG LAUNCHER

Start CMG Launcher
Double Click on the CMG icon
or
Start/Program/CMG/Launcher
TOP SECT
MID SECT
BOT SECT
B.1.
Introduction
Launcher is an application where you can manage files, invoke applications and
manage runs. This window is divided into 3 sections:
1.
Top section (TOP SECT) is used to manage files: This is similar to Windows
Explorer
2.
Middle section (MID SECT) is used to invoke applications:

a. You can add/modify/remove/copy any of your favourite applications (like Excel,
Word, WordPad etc) in this space along with CMGs applications
Select View | Program Icons | Add | or Right Click then
Select Add Icon
b. In order to arrange these icons:
5|Page
Select View | Program Tabs | Arrange Icons | Right Click then

Select Arrange Icon in Tabs
c. For changing the program icon size:
Select View | Program Icon Size |
3.
Bottom Section (BOT SECT) is where you can manage runs and view the
progress/message of each run
Right Click on the white space and
Select View Log File | or View Message
6|Page
B.2.
1.
Creating A Project In Launcher

Go to the main Builder Menu
Select Projects | Add
1
1.
Browse, then
Select 1-Basic Workflow Field Unit | directory where you stored the data files
2.
Name the project BASIC CMG WORKFLOW MODELS
3.
Exit back to CMG Launcher

Click OK
4.
You should now have this directory displayed
7|Page
C. CREATING A BLACK OIL MODEL USING BUILDER

C.1.
Opening Builder
Start CMG Launcher

Double click on the CMG icon
C.2.
Selecting Data
1.
Select IMEX
2.
Select Field
3.
Select Single Porosity
4.
Select Simulation Starting date:

a. Year:
1991
b. Month: 01
c. Day:
5.
01
Click OK
3
1
4
5
8|Page
6.
Click OK
TIPS:
is Warning Message (Default
Value is being used which is
not fatal and simulator will
run)
is Error Message (something
wrong or missing data)
is Go-ahead Message
Our goal is to get
sections of builder
in all the
9|Page
C.3.
Explanation Of Builder Window

To move from
One plane to
another in
IJ,IK,JK view
To from IJAreal, IK crosssection, JK

cross-section,
3D mode
To view change
current viewed
property
To change the
dates
Top Menu bar,

similar to Tree
view with Popup Menu bar
Top Panel with

commonly used
icons (explained
below in detail)
Tree view
with Pop-Up
menu bar
similar to Top
Tree view with Objects

for each menu of Pop-Up
Plot Area
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Top panel icon explanation:
1 2 3
5 6
7 8
10
11
12 13 14
15
16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25
1.
To Create a new data-set.
2.
To Open a new data-set.
3.
To Save the data-set.
4.
To Copy an existing image on the plot area as a jpg then paste it into PowerPoint
or use Ctrl+C simultaneously
5.
To Print an existing image on the plot area.
6.
To Rotate your image continuously. It works only in 3D mode.
7.
To Slab your reservoir in many sections.
8.
To Cut your reservoir in the plot area. It works only in 3D mode.
9.
To Quick 3D view. This removes all the details on plot area and brings up cleaner
looking 3D image only Recommended only for presentation.
10.
To Switch between Stereographic mode to Non-Stereographic mode. This only

important if your PC is equipped with Stereographic graphics card for 3D
visualization.
11.
To Change the size of viewing area. Recommended to use Full Window for
bigger working image.
12.
To Access the look and feel of current reservoir image on the plot area or Right
Click on Plot area and Click Properties
13.
To Switch between adding/removing the Tree-view window. (Can be used when

your grid/well -density is high and wells appear like dense Broccoli or when you
are trying to add hydraulic fracture and want to edit multiple grid blocks. This will
enlarge the plot area substantially).
14.
To Access Time Line view plot. This is summary plot of various events that
occurring in your field (including change in rates, perforations, work-over etc.).
15.
To change to Probe Mode.
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16.
To Edit Grid, Create LGR, Split Grid Planes, Combine Layer
17.
To Edit Property
18.
To Edit Perforations or Add wells
19.
To Move the object on the screen.
20.
To Zoom the reservoir.
21.
To Pan the reservoir.
22.
To Rotate the reservoir in 3D mode.
23.
To add Sectors (It is greyed out in 3D mode)
24.
To add Aquifers (It is greyed out in 3D mode)
25.
To Add Lease Planes (It is greyed out in 3D mode)
*TIPS*: In 3D mode, if you have

active then, you can also Zoom by Holding
simultaneously Control Key + Left Mouse Button and then moving the mouse
*TIPS*: In 3D mode, if you have
active then, you can also Pan by Holding
simultaneously Shift Key + Left Mouse Button and then moving the mouse
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C.4.
1.
Setting Input/Output Controls

Go to the Model Tree View
Select I/O Control | Simulation Results Output
2.
Click Select tab
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3.
This brings up Select variables window(where you can pick any additional
variables that you want to output)
4.
Click OK (We will default settings for now)
5.
Click OK again to return to Main Builder window
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C.5.
Creating Reservoir Description Data
Loading map and Creating the Simulation Grid

1.

Select File | Open Map File
1
1
2.
Select Atlas Boundary format | from the Map Type drop down list
3.
Select Units type as ft
4.
Select Atlas Boundary file | Browse then clicking the file The (depth to) Top- ofStructure map file called Depth to TOS Map in Atlas Boundary Format.bna
5.
Select OK
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2
3
6.
Select Full Window | under-drop down menu for Increasing the viewing window
7.
Maximize the screen for a better view by clicking on the window maximise button
(the square in the top right of the windows)
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8.

Select Reservoir | Create Grid | Orthogonal Corner Point | Will explore other
grid creation option later
9.
Enter the following data:

I direction 25 | the number of grids in the I-direction
J direction 35 | the number of grids in the J-direction
K direction 4 | the number of grids in the K-direction
I direction box 25*360 | specify a constant I-direction gridblock length of 360
ft for all 25 I-direction columns
J direction box 35*410 | specify a constant J-direction gridblock length of 410
ft for all 35 J-direction rows.
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10
10.
Click OK
11.
Hold down Shift key and hold down left mouse button to move (pan) grid
12.
Hold down Ctrl key and hold down left mouse button to rotate grid
13.
Align the grid with the fault so that a grid block boundary lies along it, and the grid
covers the whole map area.
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Assigning Structure Top, Thickness and Porosity

1.
Select
| to change display control to Probe mode
2.
Select
Specify Property | to open the General Property Specification
spreadsheet as shown below Or expanding Tree View of Array Properties and
double click required property - in this case Grid Top.
1
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3.
Select the box at the intersection of the Layer 1 row and the Grid Top column
4.
Right click in this box and select the Geological Map option as the data source.
5.
Select the Values in file1 button, then Browse for and Select the top-of-structure
map file called Depth to TOS Map in Atlas Boundary Format.bna
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6.
Select OK to return to the General Property Specification spreadsheet display.
7.
Select the cell at the intersection of the Layer 1 row and the Grid Thickness
column
8.
Right-Click to Select the Geological Map option as the data source type
9.
Select the Values in file1 box of Property Specification Window, then Browse for
and Select the thickness-of-structure called Gross Thickness Map in
AtlasBoundary Format.bna
10.
Enter 0.25 in the times box in order to allocate 25% of the total thickness map to
each of the 4 layers in the grid.
11.
10
Copy the Grid Thickness/Layer 1 cell contents and Paste it into the Layer 2, Layer
3 and Layer 4 Grid Thickness column cells to complete the specification of Grid
Thickness source data for each of the 4 layers in the grid. Or Ctrl-C and Ctrl-V
keystrokes to copy specifications for the first layer to the other 3 just as in a regular
spreadsheet.
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11
12
12.
Select the cell at the intersection of the Layer 1 row and the Porosity column
13.
Right-Click to Select the Geological Map option as the data source type
13
14.
Select the Values in file1 button (similarly to step 5), then Browse for and Select
the Porosity Map in AtlasBoundary Format.bna.
15.
Copy the Porosity/Layer 1 cell contents and Paste it into the Layer 2, Layer 3 and
Layer 4 Porosity column cells
22 | P a g e
15
16.
Check Grid Thickness, Grid Top, Porosity in Block / Corner Value Calculation
17.
Click OK to populate the grid with top-of-structure and grid thickness data. This
operation is performed by BUILDER using the specified map data to interpolate
grid cell values
16
TIP
17
*TIPS*: Sometimes due to

low density of contour lines
in a map, you might
experience sharp edges that
extend all the way to the
surface. This can be
removed by checking 4th or
3rd box, which will assign
some values to each gridblock.
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18.
To view 3D, change the display mode from IJ-2D aerial to 3D view in the top left
hand drop-down menu to better visualize the grid and property data you have just
finished creating values
19
18
19.
To rotate the model, select the rotate 3D view button

(from the toolbar), then
Rotate the display by holding down the left mouse button and moving the mouse.
You can also Enlarge or Shrink the grid by holding down the Ctrl key and left
mouse button while moving the mouse. Finally you can Pan the grid by holding
down the Shift key and left mouse button while moving
*TIPS: At any time if you want to get back to original view size, then Right click in
the plot area and Select Full reservoir View. This will resize your reservoir to
default.
20.
To remove the contour map from the display, Right-Click the mouse while the
cursor is anywhere on the grid display area, then Select Properties from the
displayed menu (at the bottom of list), then Select Geologic Maps from the tree
view, and (finally) Uncheck the Show Map box
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20
25 | P a g e
Creating Formula to Derive Perm from Porosity

1.

Select Tools | Enter a Formula | option to create an equation for calculating
permeability from porosity.
2.
Change the name of the formula from Scheme 1 to Perm Formula 1
*TIPS: Once the Name is assigned to a Formula, it can never be changed. You can
however edit any formula
3.
Select Add to List of Independent Variables, then Select Porosity
4.
Click OK.
5.
Entering the formula:

a. Enter the partial formula: 5*EXP(20*
b. Highlight Porosity variable X0
c. Select Insert Selected into Formula
d. Enter the right bracket symbol on the calculator ). The formula should look
like 5*EXP(20*X0)
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5b
5a
5c
5d
Specify Property | in the top right hand side of screen
6.
Select
7.
Right-Click in the Whole Grid cell under the Permeability I column, then
Select Formula.
8.
Select Perm Formula 1 | from Available Formula window
9.
Click Close
10.
Click OK
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10
28 | P a g e
11.
Right-Click in the Whole Grid cell under the Permeability J column, then Select
EQUALSI Then Click OK
11
12
12.
Right-Click in the Whole Grid cell under the Permeability K column, then Select
EQUALSI
13.
Under drop-down menu Select * and then Enter 0.1 in the Value box ratio of
vertical to horizontal permeability. Finally Click OK.
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13
13
14.
Click OK to go back to main area
14
15.
Click OK to populate the grid with Permeability data.
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15
Enter Rock Compressibility
*TIPS*: Right click under

the tree view structure and
you can validate the
particular section.
16
16.
Validation process gives

you useful information on
error/warning messages.
Double Click Rock Compressibility
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17.
Enter the following data

CPOR 2e-6 | Rock compressibility
PRPOR 4000 | Reference pressure
17
18.
Double Click Compaction/Dilation Regions tab (on the treeview)
19.
Create a New Region
19
20.
Enter the following data

CPOR 2e-6 | Rock compressibility
PRPOR 4000 | Reference pressure
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20
21
21.
Click Apply|OK
This completes Reservoir Description Section and you should have got
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C.6.
1.
Saving First Time Data Set

Select File, and then Click Save
2.
Name the file as Basecase.dat
3.
You have option to save this file as three text array methods
Default | Right now we will chose Default
Text optimized for size and speed
Text optimized for readability
4.
Type any Comments in the white space provided at the bottom which will be
appended at the top of the dataset
5.
Click OK
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C.7.
Creating PVT data
1.
Click the Component Tab | MODEL
2.
Click the Launch Dialog to Create BLACKOIL Model Using Correlations
3.
Click OK | This mode is called Quick Model creation, which uses default set of
correlations to generate PVT properties
2
35 | P a g e
4.
Fill the table with following values:

a. Reservoir Temperature:
150 F
b. Generate data upto Max. Pressure of:
5100 psi
c. Bubble point pressure calculation (Select Value Provided under drop down
menu):
4900 psi
d. Oil Density at STC (Select Stock tank Oil Gravity(API) under drop down
menu):
35
e. Gas Density at STC (Select Gas gravity (Air=1) under drop down menu):
0.70
f. Reference Pressure for Water Properties: 4000 psi

g. Pressure Dependence of Water viscosity: 0 cp/psi
h. Water Salinity:
100000 ppm
4
5.
Click OK
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6.
To view PVT table
Double Click PVT Region: 1

7
10
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7.
To add multiple PVT regions

Click
8.
| Right now we will stick with single PVT region.
To view/select the correlations that have been used in Quick PVT Model creation
process
Click
| Generate PVT Table Using Correlations | to view/edit the
correlation generated for the black-oil PVT data (tabular or plotted). You can
edit the data in the table or by dragging points on the plotted curve.
9.
To edit properties that were created in previous step

Select General tab
Click
| Generate Water Properties Using Correlations
10. Close the PVT Table window to complete the Components section
C.7.
1.
Creating Relative Permeability Data

Click Rock Fluid | Create | Edit Rock Types
1
2.
Select New Rock Type by clicking on the
3.
Uncheck
button.
Include capillary pressure hysteresis (imbibition curve)

Include capillary pressure (drainage cure if using hysteresis) | since we dont
want to model hysteresis effect.
4. Open DATA.xls file | It locates in 1-Basic WorkFlow Field Units folder.
Ctrl-C keystroke to copy Water-oil relative permeability data
Ctrl-V keystroke to paste copied data to Water-Oil Relative Permeability Table
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Ctrl-V
4
Table: Water-Oil relative permeability table
from DATA.xls spreadsheet
Ctrl-C
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5.
Select Liquid-Gas Table (Liquid Saturation) | under the Relative

Permeability Table dropdown menu
6.
Uncheck
Include capillary pressure hysteresis (imbibition curve)
Include capillary pressure (drainage cure if using hysteresis)
7. Open DATA.xls file again (similar Step 4)

Ctrl-C keystroke to copy Liquid-Gas relative permeability data from
spreadsheet (DATA.xls)
Ctrl-V keystroke to paste copied data Liquid-Gas Relative Permeability Table
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5
6
Ctrl-V
Ctrl-C
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Relative Permeability Smoothing

8.

Click Rock Fluid |Create | Edit Rock Types ...
8
9.
Select Water-Oil Table | from Relative Permeability Table drop down menu
10. Click
| Smooth Table
10
11. Select Power law for all properties

12. Select Smooth Curves
13. Select OK
14. Click Apply
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11
12
13
15
14
15. Click OK
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16. Select Liquid-Gas Table (Liquid Saturation) | from Relative Permeability Table
drop down menu
17. Repeat Steps 10-15 | Below are relative permeability curves after smoothening
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18. Information Step (Not part of Tutorial)

You can also Generates the Rock-Fluid relative permeability table using the correlations.
Click
| Generate Tables Using Correlation
19. Enter the saturation end points parameters for the Analytical relative permeability
curves generation (Not part of Tutorial)
20.
The Rock Fluid section should have a green check mark. Save the file at this time.
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C.9.
1.
Creating Initial Conditions

Go to the Model Tree view, Click Initial Conditions and Type the following
values in the available fields:
a. Reference Pressure:
4000 psi
b. Reference Depth:
10000 ft
c. Water-Oil Contact:
10100 ft
d. Constant Bubble Point Pressure (PB):
4900 psi
1c
1a
1b
1d
2.
Click Apply
3.
Click OK
4.
At this point it is advisable to save the data by Click File | Save
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C.10. Creating Well and Recurrent Data

Loading Well Trajectories and Perforation data
1.

Select Well | Well Trajectories | Well Trajectories... | or
Select File | Import from another file | Well Trajectories...
2.
Select File Type as Table Format | Trajectory file type
3.
Select File Units as ft for x,y and z,MD
4.
Browse, then
Select Well Trajectories in CMG Format.wdb file
3
2
4
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5.
Click Next
6.
Check the box Clear all existing trajectories | You have an option to select or
remove any unwanted trajectories to load. We will load all the trajectories
7.
Click Next
8.
To load the perforation history file

Click Go to Perfs | or
Select Well | Well Trajectories | Trajectory Perforation Intervals...
9.
Click Read File | It will help you load the time-dependent perforation history.
You can also use Quick perfs for exploration projects where you do not have
perforation data
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10.
Open trajectory file

Select Well Perfs in CMG Format.perf file
Select Field (ft) in File unit selection
10
10
11
11.
Click Open | If this is done correctly, the window will be like
12
12.
Click Apply | OK. This completes the trajectories and Perforation of the wells in
the model.
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Adding Historical Production Data to the Model

1.

Select Well | Import Production | Injection Data
2.
Browse, then
Select production-history.prd file
3.
Click Next
4.
Highlight the first line containing the production data (top window) and well
name (lower window)
5.
Click Next
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5
6.
Click Next | If the delimiters look good and the columns are separated correctly
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7.
Go to Columns 1,3,4,5,6 and in the identifier row

a. Choose Well |Group Name
b. Choose Oil Produced
c. Choose Water Produced
d. Choose Gas Produced
e. Choose MSCF/day
7a
7b
7c
7d
7e
8.
Click Next
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9
9.
Click Finish
This is the place showing you which wells production data has been picked up and
which well is not. For example, the program could not find any production data from
well 5, 7 and 9. Since wells 5, 7 and 9 have no production history, the easiest action is
to delete them from the model. We will do this later
10.
The Simulation Dates window will appear

Click Close
Averaging Production Data

Next thing we want to do is to generate the well recurrent data for every month.
1.

Select Well | Average Production/Injection Data...
2.
Move your mouse on the y-axis

Right click | A menu will show up to allow you to change the average interval
from this point on to monthly, bi-annually, yearly, etc
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3.
Select Reset all intervals to every month
4.
Click OK
5.
Click 1992-01-01 (365) check box | Date you want to stop the simulation
6.
Click Close
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Creating Field Production History (*.fhf) for History Match

This file (*.fhf) is required if you want to compare the historical fluid data to simulation
fluid data in RESULTS Graph. If you had loaded Pressure data through the Production
loading Wizard, then you will have option to create separate historical pressure data file,
however since we have not loaded pressure data, this option is greyed out currently
1.

Select Well | Create Field History File | then provide a filename (or you can
just use the default
2.
Click OK
If you had loaded injection or well head/bottom hole pressure data then separate
injection/pressure *.fhf file is created
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Well Definition and Constraints

For those wells that have no production history, we can either delete them or define them
as a producer or injector and shut-in the wells so that they will not affect the history
match
1.

Select Wells & Recurrent
Right Click on Well 5 | Delete
2.
Click Yes | Completely delete Well_5
3.
Go to Well_7
Right Click on Well 7 | Properties
4.
Select INJECTOR MOBWEIGHT | for the type
5.
Check Auto-apply | check box
6.
Click Apply
7.
Click OK
8.
Go to the Constraints tab, Check Constraint definition | box
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8
9
10
11
9.
Select OPERATE | under Constraint column
10.
Type 3625 psi | under Value column
11.
Click Apply | OK
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12.
Go to the Option tab | Check Status | under status box
13.
Select SHUTIN | under Type/Value column
14.
Click Apply | OK
12
13
14
15.
Click Apply | OK
16.
Copy all the above specifications to Well 9. To do that, make sure you are looking at
Well 7 in the Name/Date list.
Highlight the following Events (for Well 7) by clicking on them with your
mouse and pressing down the Ctrl key to select multiple items: INJECTOR,
constraints, injected fluid, SHUTIN
Right Click around the highlighted section, and select Copy events using filter...
This will open a new window. Or Press the Tools button at the bottom of the
screen and select Copy events using filter...
16
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17.
In the Select Wells tab

Check Well_9 and Highlighted
17
17
18.
In the Select Dates tab

Check 1991-01-01 date and Highlighted
18
18
19
19.
Press Search&Add button then OK
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20.
If everything was done correctly, your tree view in the Well Events window
should look like
21
21.
Click OK
22.
Please save data by Click File | Save
Write Out Restart information to a Restart File

1.

Select I/O Control | Restart
2.
Click Enable Restart Writing | box
3.
Click on
4.
Click OK
button to add the date for which you want to write restart information
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5.
Click OK.
We now have a dataset that includes instructions to create restart records,

you will be able to use it to make future prediction or forecast runs
without having to recalculate the historical portion of the data
6.
Click OK
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D. RUNNING THE IMEX DATASET

If everything is OK, you should be able to run the dataset using IMEX.
1.
Locate the file Basecase.dat in your launcher
2.
Drag and Drop it onto the IMEX 2010.10 icon and Release the mouse
3.
To submit/run a simulation job, you can either

Select Run immediately with mx201010.exe | If there are no errors, a MS-DOS
window will open up and show you the progress of the run. When finished, the
MS-DOS window will be terminated and shows a brief summary of results. Or
Select Submit to Scheduler | Local | use this option in the tutorial
4.
Click OK
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5.
Right Click on the current run and Select View Log File
6.
New files created by IMEX during the run include

Basecase.out: an ASCII file containing simulator output in the old printer
style format
Basecase.irf: an ASCII file containing pointers to data locations in the Base
case.mrf file used by RESULTS Graph, RESULTS 3D and RESULTS Report
for data display and exporting
Basecase.mrf: a binary file containing simulator output.
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Basecase.log: an ASCII file containing information about the run.
Basecase.err: an ASCII file containing errors encountered during the run
E. ADDING AN AQUIFER FOR HISTORY MATCHING THE RESERVOIR

PRESSURE
The next thing we want to do is add an aquifer, and try to History Match the Average
Reservoir Pressure
1.
Drag and Drop Basecase.dat onto the Builder 2010.10 icon and release the mouse
2.

Select Reservoir | Create/Edit Aquifers... or
Click
3.
icon
Select The aquifer is to be connected to the bottom of the reservoir | box
4.
Select Carter-Tracey (limited extent) for Modelling Method and Leakage is

allowed for Leak, leave all other items blank
5.
Add the aquifer pressure function tables based on the extent of aquifer size ratio to
reservoir size. Let say our aquifer is 3.5 times bigger than our reservoir
Select Table for R-Ratio=3.5
6.
Select OK | to exit the panel to return to the model display area
7.
Click Apply | OK
8.
Go to File | Save As | to save the file name as Basecase_AQ.dat
9.
Click OK | to save the file and Exit Builder, Click Yes|OK to confirm save changes
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10.
Drag and Drop Basecase_AQ.dat onto the IMEX 2010.10 icon and Release the
mouse to run simulation
66 | P a g e
F. REVIEWING THE SIMULATION RESULTS USING RESULTS GRAPH AND

RESULTS 3D
We can now look at the simulation run and compare it with the historical data and see
how the reservoir would perform, so those 3 cases are:
Basecase.irf | reservoir without aquifer
Basecase_AQ.irf | reservoir with aquifer
Pressure History.fhf | field history
1.
Drag and Drop Basecase_AQ.irf onto the Results Graph 2010.10 icon.
2.
Go to the main Results Menu

Select File | Open CMG Simulation Results
Select Basecase.irf
We now have both simulation results loaded so that we can compare them
3.

Select File | Open Field History
Select Pressure History.fhf
4.
Right Click on Plot 1 or Click on Add Curve icon
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5.
In the Results Graph Add Curves

Select Basecase.irf | in the File box
Select Special History | in the Origin Type box
Select Pressure: PRES Average Reservoir Pressure | in the Parameter box
6.
Click OK.
7.
Repeat the same steps (4 to 6) but this time

Select Basecase_AQ.irf and Pressure History.fhf | in the File box as we want
to compare the simulated data with the historical input data. You should now
see a plot similar to:
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8.
You can also enter the 3D display area from here (Results 3D) and both types of
display are linked together. When you exit Results 3D or Graph, the .ses (line plot)
or .3tp (3D image) file referred to is a template that you can use to re-create the
images that you have generated using the same or other input files.
9.
Results 3D and Graph are very intuitive and most things can be accessed by the
menus or by right mouse clicking on the display areas.
G. USING THE HISTORICAL DATA RESTART FILE IN A PREDICTION RUN

We now completed dataset with the historical match run. We are going to use the Restart
Run feature to make the future prediction runs without having to rerun the historical data
portion
1.
Drag and Drop Basecase_AQ.dat onto the Builder 2010.10 icon.
2.

Select File | Save As new name Basecase_Prediction.dat
We want to predict the reservoir performance until 1/1/2000 if the producers are
fixed to a minimum BHP of 2175 psi
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3.

Select I/O Control | Restart
Click Restart from previous simulation run (RESTART) | box
4.
Browse to select Basecase_AQ.irf
5.
Select 1992/01/01 or Last Time Step
6.
Click OK
3
4
7.

Expand Dates
Double Click on the date 1992-01-01
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8.
If set STOP is checked on 1992-01-01, uncheck it
9.
Click Add a range of dates button
10.
Enter the range of dates

From 1992-01-01
To
2000-01-01
11.
Click OK
12.
Click OK | to add 96 new dates

7
10
8
11
13.
If set STOP is checked on 1992-01-01 again, Uncheck it and

Check 2000-01-01
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12
13
14
14.
Click Close
15.

Expand Wells
Double Click on the Well 1
16.
Change the date to 1992-01-01
17.
Check the Auto-apply | check box
18.
Select Constrain tab | to

Check Constraint definition box
Uncheck Change current primary constraint (ALTER) box
19.
Click to parameter STO surface oil rate
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20.
Click Delete button
21.
Change OPERATE, BHP bottom hole pressure, MIN to 2175 psi

16
18
19
20
18
17
23
21
22.
Click OK | a new constraint will be created in the date 1991-09-01 for Well 1. The next
task will be to copy the same constraint to all the other wells to do the forecast.
73 | P a g e
23.
Go to the Model Tree View again

Expand Wells
Double Click on the Well 1
24.
Highlight Well 1 constrains
25.
Select Tools | Copy events using filter
24
25
26.
On the Select Wells tab

Select Producers | then Click Select button
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26
27.
On the Select Dates tab Press the Clear List button.

Check on 1992-01-01
Check on Do you want to create new dates | This option creates new date for
wells which are already shut in because of production history event
28.
Click Clear List button
29.
Click Search & Add button
30.
Click OK | All the wells except Wells 7 & 9 will have a new constraint starting
1992-01-01
75 | P a g e
27
27
29
30
31.
Click OK | to return main menu
32.
Save file now. Now All check marks must be green
33.
We can now exit Builder and drag and drop the Basecase_Prediction.dat file onto
the IMEX 2010.10 icon to run it
We can now look at the simulation run and compare it with the historical data and see
how the reservoir would continue to perform, so those 2 cases are:
Basecase_Prediction.irf | reservoir with aquifer
Production-history.fhf | field history
34.
Drag and Drop Basecase_Prediction.irf onto the Results Graph 2010.10 icon.
35.

Select File | Open Field History...
Select Production-history.irf
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28
36.
Right Click on Plot 1 or Click on Add Curve icon
37.
In the Results Graph Add Curves

Select basecase_prediction.irf | in the File box
Select Well | in the Origin Type box
Select Oil Rate SC | in the Parameter box
Select Well_1 | in the Origin box
38.
Click OK
37
38
39.
Repeat the same steps (36 to 38) but this time
Select Production-history.fhf | in the File box. You should now see a plot similar to:
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40.
To obtain the same plot for all the producers, pressing the Repeat Plots button.
41.
Right Click on Plot 1 and select Add Plot. Repeat to obtain the Water Cut plot
78 | P a g e
H. USING THE TRIGGER OPTION TO CONTROL THE INJECTION BASED ON

SECTOR PRESSURE
We are going to use the Trigger feature to start the Injector wells (Well 7 and Well 9)
when the average reservoir pressure drops below 2300 psi.
1.
Drag and Drop Basecase_Prediction.irf onto the Builder 2010.10 icon.
2.

Select File | Save As new name Basecase_Trigger.dat
We want to predict the reservoir performance until 1/1/2000 if the producers are fixed to a
minimum BHP of 2175 psi. But here we got limitation on our compressor which cant lift
the oil if the average reservoir pressure falls below 2300 psi. Therefore we are going to
start injector well to support the pressure when pressure falls below 2300 psi.
3.

Double Click on the Trigger
4.
In the Well Management Trigger

Select 1992-01-01 | in the Date box
Type Pressure Control | in the Trigger Name box
Select Sector | under Apply On dropdown menu
Select PAVE: Pore volumn Weighted Pressure | under When dropdown menu
Define trigger value less than < 2300 psi
Type OPEN Well_7 Well_9 | inside action box
5.
Click Apply
6.
Click OK
7.
Save and Exit Builder and run Basecase_Trigger.dat
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Tutorial

Builder & Results

By Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

B. STARTING CMG LAUNCHER

B.2 Creating a Project in Launcher

C. CREATING A BLACK OIL MODEL USING BUILDER

C.1 Opening BUILDER

C.2 Selecting data

C.3 Explanation of Builder Window

C.4 Setting Input/Output Controls

C.5 Creating Reservoir Description Data

Loading Map and Creating the Simulation Grid

Assigning Structure Top, Thickness and Porosity

Creating Formula to Derive Perm from Porosity

Entering Rock Compressibility

C.6 Saving First Time Data-Set

C.7 Creating PVT Data

C.8 Creating Relative Permeability Data

C.9 Creating Initial Conditions

C.10 Creating Well and Recurrent Data

Loading Well Trajectories and Perforation Data

Adding Historical Production Data

Averaging Production Data

Creating Field History File

Well Definitions and Constraints

Writing Restart Information

D. RUNNING THE MODEL IN IMEX

E. ADDING AN AQUIFER FOR HISTORY MATCHING THE RESERVOIR

F. REVIEWING THE SIMULATION RESULTS USING RESULTS GRAPH AND

H. USING THE TRIGGER OPTION TO CONTROL THE INJECTION BASED ON

Depth to TOS Map in AtlasBoundary Format (*.bna file)

Gross Thickness Map in AtlasBoundary Format (*.bna file)

Porosity Map in AtlasBoundary Format (*.bna file)

Data (Excel file)

Well Trajectories in CMG Format(*.bna file)

Well Perfs in CMG Format (*.perf file)

Pressure History (*.fhf)

B. STARTING CMG LAUNCHER

Middle section (MID SECT) is used to invoke applications:

Select View | Program Tabs | Arrange Icons | Right Click then

Creating A Project In Launcher

Name the project BASIC CMG WORKFLOW MODELS

Exit back to CMG Launcher

You should now have this directory displayed

C. CREATING A BLACK OIL MODEL USING BUILDER

Start CMG Launcher

Select Single Porosity

Select Simulation Starting date:

Explanation Of Builder Window

To from IJAreal, IK crosssection, JK

Top Menu bar,

Top Panel with

Tree view with Objects

Top panel icon explanation:

To Create a new data-set.

To Open a new data-set.

To Save the data-set.

To Print an existing image on the plot area.

To Rotate your image continuously. It works only in 3D mode.

To Slab your reservoir in many sections.

To Cut your reservoir in the plot area. It works only in 3D mode.

To Switch between Stereographic mode to Non-Stereographic mode. This only

To Switch between adding/removing the Tree-view window. (Can be used when

TIPS: In 3D mode, if you have

TIPS: Sometimes due to

TIPS: Right click under