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A Simple Method of Estimating the Radiated

Emission From a Cable Attached to a Mobile Device
Hyun Ho Park, Member, IEEE, Hark-Byeong Park, and Haeng Seon Lee

AbstractWhen a mobile device is connected to cables for charging power or transmitting data, the radiated emission from the
attached cables, which are typically effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) antennae at certain frequencies, can cause serious
system-level EMI problems. The measurement of system-level radiation during compliance and precompliance tests is not only a
time-consuming task, but also requires expensive facilities such as
a semianechoic chamber. This paper proposes a simple method
of predicting far-field radiation from cables attached to mobile
devices at the early stage of the design and development phase
without using an EMI chamber. The method combines radiation
characterization of a simple boxsourcecable geometry using fullwave simulations with the measurement of the real common-mode
current flowing through the cable. The proposed method was applied to mobile phones to estimate the far-field radiated emissions,
which were compared with the measurement results. The accuracy
of the predicted results was evaluated using the feature selective
validation technique, indicating good agreement and correlation.
Index TermsAttached cables, common-mode current, electromagnetic interference (EMI), feature selective validation (FSV),
mobile device, printed circuit board (PCB), radiated emission, radiation transfer function (RTF).

I. INTRODUCTION
ECENT technical advances in mobile devices, such as
high-density packaging, high-speed signaling, and multifunctional operations, have led to electromagnetic interference
(EMI) problems that are more serious and complicated than
ever before. Once electronic devices have been developed for
mass production and sales worldwide, they should be subjected
to an EMI regulation test to ensure their compliance with the
EMI limits specified in the international electromagnetic compatibility standards such as CISPR 22 and FCC Part 15. If a
test result does not meet the EMI regulation limits, product engineers should improve their design until it does. During this
debugging period, several measurements have to be conducted
in an EMI chamber. Validating the revised design of a product
by measurement using an EMI chamber is a rather iterative and

Manuscript received April 9, 2012; revised July 24, 2012. accepted August
31, 2012.
H. H. Park is with the Department of Electronic Engineering, University of
Suwon, Hwaseong 443-746, Korea (e-mail: chussal@hanmail.net).
H.-B. Park is with the Global Production Technology Center, SAMSUNG Electronics Company, Ltd., Suwon 442-600, Korea (e-mail:
hb111.park@samsung.com).
H. S. Lee is with the Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea (e-mail: leehs91@gmail.com).
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online
at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TEMC.2012.2219587

time-consuming task. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to clarify EMI issues at the early stage of product design
and development. Furthermore, it is particularly useful to be
able to estimate electromagnetic radiation from such devices at
the design stage.
To date, many studies focused on anticipating electromagnetic emissions have been presented by examining noise coupling mechanisms or EMI modeling methods for electronic devices. Hubing and coworkers [1], [2] proposed the fundamental EMI mechanism of common-mode radiation from printed
circuit boards (PCBs) with attached cables in terms of currentdriven and voltage-driven mechanisms. Then, they presented
methods of estimating the maximum radiated emissions from
a cable attached to a PCB using a simple boardsourcecable
antenna model [3], [4]. These studies showed that the electromagnetic field coupling of noise sources on circuit boards and an
attached cable can be effectively modeled by placing an equivalent common-mode voltage source between the board and the
cable. The amplitude of this equivalent source can be estimated
by using closed-form equations and transverse electromagnetic
cell measurement. A similar investigation was conducted by
Kayano and Inoue [5], who also proposed a method of predicting the electromagnetic radiation from a PCB driven by a
connected short feed cable up to gigahertz frequencies, based
on the transmission line theory and current-driven and voltagedriven common-mode generation mechanisms, with consideration of antenna impedance. Elsewhere, Wang et al. [6] presented
a method of estimating the common-mode radiation from a cable attached to a conducting enclosure, based on asymmetrical
dipole approximation and common-mode current simulation.
Even though these methods are definitely useful in understanding the EMI mechanisms and in estimating the radiated
emission from a simple structure such as a PCB with only a
single trace and an attached cable, they still have certain limitations as far as their application to real products in industry is
concerned. This is because real products have too many EMI
sources and possible coupling paths to be able to describe entirely their coupling mechanisms in terms of simple closed-form
equations. Ultimately, a more realistic approach to analyzing
these kinds of real-world problems should adopt both measurement and simulation.
This paper presents a simple but realistic method of estimating common-mode radiation from a cable attached to a mobile
device by measuring the common-mode current. The proposed
method also uses the boxsourcecable model for full-wave
simulation. Although this looks slightly similar to the method
presented by Wang et al. [6], the great difference of our study
lies in the fact that the cable is connected with the infinite

0018-9375/$31.00 2012 IEEE

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Fig. 1.

Setup for EMI regulation measurement.

Fig. 2.

Examples of radiated emissions from real mobile phone: (a) with an attached power cable; (b) without an attached power cable.

ground plane. This indicates that the electrically short-circuit

cable cannot be modeled by the asymmetrical dipole approximation proposed in [6]. Actually, during EMI regulation testing,
the power cable of the mobile device was attached to an electrical outlet on the ground plane in a semianechoic EMI chamber.
The mobile device itself was modeled by a simple conducting
box. The equivalent source between the conducting box and the
power cable can be determined by measuring the common-mode
current on the cable, which contains all coupled noises from the
mobile device body. Full-wave simulations such as CST Microwave Studio (MWS) [7] and method of moment (MoM) [8]
were employed to calculate the radiation characteristics of the
cable attached to a conducting box while using a normalized
Gaussian source as an equivalent source. This radiation characteristic of the model is called a radiation transfer function
(RTF), which is a function of frequency. A combination of measured common-mode current and the RTF results in a very rapid
and simple prediction of the radiation. For validation, we compared the predicted radiated emission with one measured in an
EMI chamber and analyzed their agreement by using feature
selective validation (FSV) [9], [10]. The proposed method will
be very useful in measuring the radiated emission from mobile devices without an EMI chamber measurement during the
products design and development period, resulting in making
the debugging procedure easier and faster. This paper is organized as follows. Section II examines radiated emission from a
real mobile device with a power cable. Section III illustrates a
simplified boxsourcecable antenna model and its experimen-

tal validation in terms of the induced common-mode current

distribution. In Section IV, an RTF of the simplified model is
introduced and numerically calculated by CST MWS and MoM.
In Section V, the predicted radiated emission obtained by combining the common-mode current measurement with the RTF
of the simplified antenna model is compared with the measurement and validated based on the FSV technique. Finally, some
conclusions are presented in Section VI.
II. RADIATED EMISSION FROM A MOBILE DEVICE
WITH A CABLE
Fig. 1 illustrates the measurement setup for the EMI regulation test. The test object was placed on a wooden table at least
80 cm above the ground plane of the semianechoic chamber. A
receiving antenna was placed at 3 or 10 m away from the test
object. The measurement standard requires the test object to be
in the worst configuration from an EMI point of view. To do
this, all peripherals such as power cable had to be connected
to the mobile device. In the case of a mobile phone, the power
cable had to be fitted to reach the floor with a 3040 cm folded
region in middle of the cable, as depicted in Fig. 1. Based on
the EMI regulation, the radiated emission from the test object is
given in terms of maximum values for both the horizontal and
vertical polarizations. Fig. 2 shows the radiated emissions from
a mobile phone with and without a power cable according to
the EMI regulation test method shown in Fig. 1. During measurement, the mobile phone was working in the camera preview

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PARK et al.: A SIMPLE METHOD OF ESTIMATING THE RADIATED EMISSION FROM A CABLE ATTACHED TO A MOBILE DEVICE

Fig. 3.

Geometry of problem.

test mode. In that operational mode, the mobile phone processes

image signals with a high data rate and high-frequency clock.
First, we measured the radiated emission from a real mobile
phone with a power cable attached. As shown in Fig. 2(a), the
test results indicate that vertical polarized emission is dominant
at low frequencies below about 300 MHz; on the other hand,
horizontal polarized emission is dominant at high frequencies
above 300 MHz. The primary contributions to the horizontal
polarized emission were due to both the differential-mode and
common-mode radiations from the mobile phone itself. The
vertical polarized emission was due to the common-mode radiation from the attached power cable. This is because the phone
body was horizontally laid on the turntable and the cable was
vertically dropped down to the ground plane. In addition, we
tried to measure the radiated emission from the mobile phone
without attaching a power cable. Comparing the emission profiles, the radiation behavior changed due to the absence of a
power cable. The vertical polarized emission below 300 MHz
disappeared and only the horizontal radiated emission was dominant above 300 MHz due to the radiation emitted by the mobile
phone itself. Accordingly, as mentioned previously, the radiation mechanism of the mobile phone with an attached power
cable can be summarized thus: radiated emission below about
300 MHz is determined by the power cables radiation, whereas
radiated emission above 300 MHz is driven by the mobile phone
itself. Therefore, our modeling and prediction method for the
radiated emission from the power cable of the mobile phone
may be valid over a frequency range under about 300 MHz.
In this paper, all measurements and simulation results will be
provided in the frequency range of 30500 MHz.
III. COMMON-MODE CURRENT ALONG THE CABLE
The structure whose radiated emission was to be analyzed
and measured was simplified to a greater extent than the configuration of the EMI regulation test, as shown in Fig. 3. The
power cable was modeled as a cable bent at 90 . The bent cable
was worse geometry than the folded cable used in the EMI compliance test in terms of radiated emission because the magnetic
fields due to the common-mode currents flowing in the folded
region of the cable can cancel each other out. The overall length
of the cable was 145 cm, i.e., 65 cm in horizontal length and
80 cm in vertical length. For simulation, the cable was modeled
as a flat perfect electric conductor ribbon instead of a round

Fig. 4.

Modeling the geometry of a mobile phone: (a) model A; (b) model B.

cable. The width of the cable was 1.7 mm. As mentioned in

[11], this substitution would decrease the simulation time without sacrificing accuracy. To model the phone body itself, we
used a rectangular cubic conducting box that was similar in
shape to a real mobile phone. The common-mode current on
the cable could be modeled as an impressed voltage or current
source, which is provided by measurement. This kind of modeling approximation originated from previous studies [2], [3],
[5], [6], which show that the noise coupling of ICs, traces, or
other components on a PCB and an attached cable can be effectively modeled by placing equivalent voltage or current source
between the board and the cable.
In order to examine how this approximation is appropriate
for modeling a real mobile device with an attached cable, we
considered two simple structures as shown in Fig. 4. Model A
depicted in Fig. 4(a) presents a simple circuit board structure
with a signal trace routed over a slotted ground plane within a
conducting box equipped with an aperture for cabling. One end
of the cable was connected to the ground plane of the slotted
board and the other end was connected to the ground plane floor.
The microstrip trace was driven by a voltage source at one end
and terminated at the other end. Model B depicted in Fig. 4(b)
shows a simplified structure consisting only of a conducting box
and a cable. The voltage source was excited at the connection
point between the box and the cable as a Gaussian pulse. A
3-D full-wave simulation using CST MWS was conducted to
analyze how the common-mode current induced by the noise
from the PCB within the conducting box was distributed on the
cable.

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Fig. 5.

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Distributions of common-mode current and magnetic field along the cable: (a) at 200 MHz; (b) at 300 MHz.

Fig. 5 shows the distribution of the common-mode current

along the cable at frequencies of 200 and 300 MHz. It can be
seen that the current distributions between model A and model B
were of the same shape, although the amplitudes differed. Even
though the boxsourcecable model was approximated and simplified, the distribution of the common-mode current along the
cable corresponded well with that of the more realistic structure
in Fig. 4(a). As can be seen in Fig. 5, the current distributions on
the cable have a sinusoidal function. The common-mode current
can be approximated with a cosine function as follows:


2(x + )
ICM (f, x) = I0 (f ) cos
+
(1)

where the common-mode current exhibits the maximum magnitude at the ground due to the short-circuit current. I0 (f ) is an
amplitude of the common-mode current at the ground position.
and indicate dc offset and phase shift, respectively.
In order to validate the simulated common-mode current distribution in the cable, we measured the common-mode current
of the power cable attached to a real mobile phone (phone A).
The setup for measuring the common-mode current is shown
in Fig. 6. The common-mode current flowing in the cable can
easily be measured using a high-frequency clamp-on current
probe (Fischer Custom Communications Model F-2000) and a
spectrum analyzer (Agilent E4440A). The common-mode noise
current was amplified by a low noise amplifier with 42-dB gain.
To extract the common-mode current from the measured voltage of the spectrum analyzer, the probe factor and amplifier
gain were also taken into account. Fig. 7 shows the comparisons between the measured common-mode current and the one
calculated by (1). Due to the fact that the measured current
was only a magnitude value, the calculated current also had an
absolute value of (1). At 196.38 MHz, where its wavelength
( = 152.7 cm) is close to the cable length, the current distribution obtained from the measurement was almost identical to the
calculated result of (1) when its offset parameters are = 4 and
= 10. Good agreement was also shown at 285.68 MHz below
the measurement point of 19. The calculated result of (1) was
obtained by setting its offset parameters as = 3 and = 18.
There is some discrepancy above the measurement point of 19.
This is due to the discrepancy in the positions of measurement

Fig. 6.

Setup for common-mode current measurement.

and calculation. The increase of position error when we measure

the common-mode current along the vertical part of the cable
may result in this discrepancy. As a consequence of Figs. 5 and
7, we can assert that the boxsourcecable model, as shown in
Fig. 4(b), has the same current distribution along the cable as a
real mobile device (see Fig. 6) as well as a more realistic model
[see Fig. 4(a)]. It means that this simplified model is quite a realistic simulation model for predicting radiated emission from a
cable attached to a mobile device. In the next section, this model
is used to calculate the RTF, which is dependent on the current
distribution along the cable. Several additional experiments, not
presented here, were performed to verify the strong correlation
between the common-mode current measurement and the radiated emission measurement in the EMI chamber. Consequently,
as long as the common-mode current on the cable induced by
the mobile phone can be extracted exactly, a prediction of the
cable radiation can also be obtained accurately by using the
boxsourcecable model.

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PARK et al.: A SIMPLE METHOD OF ESTIMATING THE RADIATED EMISSION FROM A CABLE ATTACHED TO A MOBILE DEVICE

Fig. 7.

Comparison of measured and calculated common-mode current distributions along the power cable: (a) at 196.38 MHz; (b) at 285.68 MHz.

Fig. 8.

Measured common-mode currents from the power cables attached to two real mobile phones: (a) phone A; (b) phone B.

In Fig. 8, the common-mode currents from two real mobile

phones (phone A and phone B) were measured to predict the
radiated emission in Section V. The current probe was located
at the point where the cable was attached to the mobile phone. In
the case of phone A, the common-mode current showed higher
emission peaks at every odd harmonic frequency of 35.7 MHz,
which was exactly identical to the pixel clock frequency of the
camera module in the phone. As mentioned earlier, all measurements were conducted in the camera preview test mode of
the mobile phone. While the camera module is working, the
switching noise due to its clock is generated in the phone body
and then induced on the power cable. In the case of phone B,
the common-mode current peaks did not show a definite odd
harmonic period, but anyhow the current showed peak values at
odd or even harmonics of its pixel clock frequency (34.6 MHz).
Comparing the phones A and B, the peak value of the commonmode current of phone A was greater than that of phone B. The
radiation from the cable is expected to be directly proportional
to the common-mode current along that cable.
IV. RTF
The far-field radiated emission from the cable attached to
the mobile device was significantly affected, not only by the
common-mode current flowing on the cable but also by the radiation characteristic of the boxsourcecable antenna model.
The radiation characteristic was directly dependent on geometrical parameters such as the length and shape of the cable, the
size and shape of the mobile device, and their placement. Here,
this radiation characteristic or efficiency of the antenna model
was defined as an RTF, which is the ratio of the radiated electric

field at the far-field region to the common-mode current at the

junction of the cable and the mobile phone body
RTFp [dB/m] =

p
Em
p
ea (ro )[dBV/m]
= Esim
(ro )
ICM (rs )[dBA]

(2)

where p is h or v, which signifies horizontal or vertical polarp

ization, respectively; Em
ea (ro ) is the measured radiated electric
field at a specific position (ro ) in the far-field region; ICM (rs )
is the measured common-mode current at the junction position
p
(ro ) is the sim(rs ) of the cable and mobile device body; Esim
ulated radiated electric field at a specific position (ro ) when a
normalized Gaussian current source is excited at the junction
position (rs ). A simulation model for calculating the radiation
characteristic of the boxsourcecable antenna model is depicted in Fig. 9. The geometry of this model corresponds with
the setup for measuring radiated emission, as previously shown
in Fig. 3. The box is modeled so as to have the same size as a
real mobile phone. To calculate the RTF, the vertical and horizontal polarized electric fields were obtained by measurement
and simulation at an observation point described in Fig. 9.
Fig. 10 shows the simulated and measured RTFs. According
to (2), the measured RTFs of phones A and B were obtained from
the ratio of the measured radiated electric field at the observation
point to the measured common-mode current at the connector of
the power cable. The measured RTFs of phones A and B agree
well with each other in both the horizontal and vertical polarizations at frequencies up to 500 MHz. The simulated RTFs were
obtained by using both the CST MWS and MoM. In particular, the MoM is a highly efficient numerical technique when
simulating metallic structures composed of wires and surfaces,

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measured results. In the case of vertical polarization, the results

at the peak frequencies agreed well when below 300 MHz. However, the simulation results started to deviate above 300 MHz.
The difference between the simulated and measured RTFs will
have a direct influence on the accuracy of radiated emission
prediction in the next section.
V. PREDICTION AND VALIDATION

Fig. 9.

Simulation model for calculating RTF.

Fig. 10. Simulated and measured RTFs: (a) horizontal polarization; (b) vertical
polarization.

such as the boxsourcecable antenna model. Their shapes over

frequencies are very similar to each other, but their levels are
slightly different. The CST results were lower than those of the
MoM at a certain frequency range. The difference was within
5 dB in the most part of frequency range. It seems to be due
to computational errors according to CST simulation conditions
such as the dimension of computation boundary. The measured
results corresponded to the MoM results rather slightly better
than they did to the CST results. The RTF showed periodic peaks
whose frequencies correspond to (2n 1)/4 (n : integer) of
the cable length. In the case of horizontal polarization, the simulated results at the peak frequencies were sharper than the

The EMI prediction methodology proposed in this paper is

simple and intuitive. It is based on the fundamental mechanism
of the EMI problem: the radiated EMI from a system can be
characterized by its noise source and EMI antenna. The procedure of EMI prediction is illustrated in Fig. 11. First, the
common-mode current flowing along the cable is measured by
using a current probe, which represents all coupled noises from
the mobile device to the attached cable. Second, the RTF of a
mobile phone with a power cable can be obtained by simulating
the simplified modeling structure, as mentioned in the previous section. Finally, the radiated emission can be calculated by
adding these two results on a decibel scale. Using this methodology, the radiated emission from the cables of mobile devices
can be simply estimated by measuring the common-mode current flowing along the cable without far-field measurement in
the semianechoic chamber.
Figs. 12 and 13 show the predicted and measured radiated
emissions from the cables attached to mobile phones A and B,
respectively. The predicted results were calculated by using the
simulated RTF from MoM, as shown in Fig. 10. The measurement results were obtained at 3 m away from the cables using
a semianechoic EMI chamber. Fig. 12 shows the peak profiles
of radiated emission in both the horizontal and vertical polarizations. The correspondence of the predicted result with the
measured one was found to be better in the vertical polarization than in the horizontal one. This is because cable radiation is
dominant to vertical polarized radiated emission. The difference
in the vertical polarization at the pixel clock harmonic frequencies lay within a few decibel up to 500 MHz, except at around
200 and 400 MHz, where the difference between the simulated
and measured RTFs took place. In the case of horizontal polarization, the deviation lay within 10 dB up to 300 MHz, except
around 30, 155, and 200 MHz. The significant difference at
these frequencies also results from the difference between the
simulated and measured RTFs.
The agreement between the predicted and measured data is
quantified in Table I by using the FSV technique, which was
suggested as a standard to allow the objective and quantitative
comparison of data for the validation of computational electromagnetics [9], [10]. The application of the FSV method permits
us to examine the degree of agreement between the predicted
results and the real measurement results. Table I listed the FSV
results of mobile phone A using data with a frequency range of
up to 500 MHz and also up to 300 MHz, respectively. As can
be seen, the FSV results deeply depend on the frequency range
of the data used in the validation. As mentioned previously, the
agreement between the predicted and measured results is better
using the data up to 300 MHz than using the data up to 500 MHz.
In addition, the agreement is better for vertical polarized radiated

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PARK et al.: A SIMPLE METHOD OF ESTIMATING THE RADIATED EMISSION FROM A CABLE ATTACHED TO A MOBILE DEVICE

Fig. 11.

Methodology for predicting radiated emission from a cable attached to a mobile device.

Fig. 12.

Predicted and measured radiated emissions from the cable attached to mobile phone A: (a) horizontal polarization; (b) vertical polarization.

Fig. 13.

Predicted and measured radiated emissions from the cable attached to mobile phone B: (a) horizontal polarization; (b) vertical polarization.
TABLE I
FSV RESULTS OF MOBILE PHONE A

TABLE II
FSV RESULTS OF MOBILE PHONE B

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emission than for horizontal polarized radiated emission. In the

case of phone A, it can be seen that the prediction does in
general show very good agreement and correlation with the
measurement. Fig. 13 and Table II show the comparison and
FSV results in the case of phone B. It can clearly be seen that
the agreement between the predicted and measured results of
phone B is generally in Good glade of FSV, which is worse
than in the case of phone A, but acceptable in the engineering
sense, except at several frequency points. As a consequence of
the aforementioned results and our experiences, the accuracy of
the prediction mainly depends on two points: the repeatability
of the common-mode current measurement and the correlation
of the simulated RTF with real measurement. The measurement
repeatability of the common-mode current can be easily obtained by using a fixture to fix the arrangement of the attached
cable and the current probe. Thus, as long as a simulated RTF
that corresponds to the real measurement can be accurately obtained, it is possible to achieve an accurate EMI prediction from
the cables attached to mobile devices at the earlier design stage.
VI. CONCLUSION
The cables attached to mobile devices, such as power or data
cables, are typically effective EMI antennae; therefore, they can
have significant impact on radiated emission from mobile devices. In this paper, a methodology for predicting the radiated
emission from the cable attached to mobile devices was provided
by combining radiation characteristic simulation with commonmode current measurement. The real structure of a mobile phone
with a power cable was simplified using the boxsourcecable
antenna model, which has the same common-mode current distribution along the cable as the measured one. Once the RTF
of this simplified model was obtained by full-wave simulations
such as CST MWS and MoM, the radiated emission could be
predicted and estimated by adding the measured common-mode
current in the decibel scale. The FSV method was used to validate the predicted results by comparing them with the measured
results obtained for real mobile phones. The comparisons generally show a good agreement at the radiation peaks. Thus, it has
been amply demonstrated that the methodology is applicable to
the pre-EMI compliance test in the early design and development stage, and dispenses with the need to use an expensive
EMI chamber.

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pp. 19201928, Jun. 2009.
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common-mode radiation from a cable attached to a conducting enclosure,
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Chapman & Hall, 2008.
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(Jun. 2007). [Online]. Available: http://www.cvel.clemson.edu/modeling/
software/cst_powerbus_cable_more1.html

Hyun Ho Park (M06) received the B.S. degree in

electronic engineering from Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea, in 1994, and the M.S. and Ph.D.
degrees in electrical engineering from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon,
Korea, in 1996 and 1999, respectively.
From 1999 to 2003, he was a Senior Member
of Research Staff at Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon. From 2004 to 2005,
he was a Consulting Engineer developing the systemlevel electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis
simulator. From 2006 to 2012, he was a Principal Engineer at SAMSUNG
Electronics Company, Ltd., Suwon, Korea. In September 2012, he joined the
University of Suwon, Hwaseong, Korea, where he is currently an Assistant Professor. His current research interests include computational electromagnetics,
system-level electromagnetic interference (EMI) design, signal and power integrity in high-speed digital system design, and IC/module-level EMI evaluation
and measurement techniques.
Prof. Park received the Best Paper Award at EMC Compo 2009.

REFERENCES

Hark-Byeong Park received the B.S. degree in nuclear engineering and the M.S. degree electrical engineering from Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, in
1990 and 1992, respectively.
From 1992 to 2000, he was an Engineer with
LG Electronics, where he was involved in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) research on electronic
packaging. In 2001, he joined SAMSUNG Electronics Company, Ltd., Suwon, Korea, as an EMC Engineer. His current research interests include EMC
design and analysis in chip, printed circuit board, and
system-level electronic packaging.

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to estimate the maximum radiation from PCBs with cables due to

Haeng Seon Lee received the B.S. degree in electronic engineering from Seoul National University,
Seoul, Korea, in 1995, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon,
Korea, in 1997 and 2000, respectively.
From 2000 to 2004, he was with Digital Media Laboratory, LG Electronics. He then joined the
Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, where he is currently an Associate
Professor. His main research interests include electromagnetic scattering, electromagnetic wave theory, and wave propagations.