Penjelasan Direct dan Indirect Speech

(Reported Speech)
Penjelasan Direct dan Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) - Direct dan
Indirect Speech merupakan materi grammar bahasa Inggris yang banyak diajarkan
di jenjang SMP dan SMA. Direct dan Indirect Speech atau yang biasa disebut
Reported Speech ini menjadi langganan bentuk soal yang sering keluar di UN baik
untuk SMP dan SMA.
Atas dasar begitu pentingnya materi Direct dan Indirect Speech ini, maka pada
kesempatan kali ini penulis memberikan penjelasan mengenai Direct dan Inderct
tersebut dengan lengkap kepada pengunjung sekalian. Semoga bermanfaat.
Direct dan Indirect Speech
Ketika kita merubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, ada beberapa
hal yang mengalami perubahan diantaranya perubahan struktur kalimat, tensis,
pronoun (kata ganti orang), keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverbs of time and
place).
Sebelum melangkah jauh ke sub-pembahasan tersebut di atas, alangkah baiknya ada
juga mengerti tentang apa yang dimaksud Reporting Speech dan Reported
Speech.
Reporting Speech adalah bagian dalam kalimat direct speech yang di tandai oleh
tanda petik (") dan di akhiri oleh tanda petik (").
He said, "I have a present for you in my bag."
He asked me, "why do you come late."
Sedangkan Reported Speech adalah baigan awal dari kalimat direct speech.
He said, "I have a present for you in my bag."
He asked me, "why do you come late."
Untuk itu, pada artikel ini penulis sengaja membagi beberpa sub-penjelasan
mengenai direct dan indirect speech berdasakan perubahan-perbuahan di atas.

1. Perubahan Stuktur kalimat

Jika kita lihat pada kalimat direct speech, terdapat ciri-ciri yang identik yaitu
terdapat tanda petik ("). Tada petik tersebut merupakan cara yang sering digunakan
untuk membedakan mana yang direct atau yang indirect.
Ketika klimat direct speech tersebut dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect speech, tanda
petik tersebut pun dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan kata "that" atau "to" (untuk
kalimat perintah). Misalnya:
No Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
He said, "I have a present for you in my He said that he had a present for me in
01
bag."
his bag.
02 He asked me, "why do you come late." He asked me why I came late.
03 He orderd me, "don't bring a bag."
He ordered me to didn't bring a bag.
Perubahan struktur kalimat juga terjadi jika pada direct speech menggunakan
kalimat tanya, maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif (berita).
Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan kalimat tanya "yes-no question"
maka akan dirubah menjadi if/whether. Contohnya:
No Direct Speech
They asked me, "Do you want to join
01
us to play football?"
He asked me, "Does she want to
02
mary me?"

Indirect Speech
They asked me if/whether I want to join
them to play football.
He asked me if/whether she wants to
mary her.

Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan 5W1H question (Why, Who, What,
When, WHere, How), maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif dengan cara
sebagai berikut:
No
01
02
03
04
05

Direct Speech
He asked me, "why do you come late?"
He asked me, "what does she eat?"
He asked me, "when did you come?"
He asked me, "who are you?"
He asked me, "who is she?"

Indirect Speech
He asked me why you came late.
He asked me what she ate.
He asked me when I came.
He asked me who I was.
He asked me who she was.

2. Perubahan Tensis (Tenses)

Seperti yang dijelaskan dimuka, perbuahan dari direct ke indirect juga
mempengaruhi tensis yang digunakan. Kebanyakan siswa sulit memahami
perubahan yang satu ini. Untuk itu, penulis sengaja membuatkan tabel perubahan
tensis agar mudah dimengerti.
Di bawah ini adalah tabel Perubahan Tenses dari direct speech ke indirect speech.
No Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

01
02
03
04
05
06
07

Simple Present
Present Continuous
Present Future
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Simple Past
Past Continuous

Simple Past
Past Continuous
Past Future
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous

Atau bisa lebih dipermudah dengan tabel berikut di bawah ini, yaitu:
No
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11

Direct Speech
V1 (eat)
V2 (ate)
Am/is/are
Do/does
Do/does not
Did not
Was/were
Am/is/are + V-ing
Was/were +V-ing
Has/have + V3
Will/shall/can/may/must
Could/might/should/would +
12
V1/be

Indirect Speech
V2 (ate)
Had + V3 (had eaten)
Was/were
Did
Did not
Had not + V3
Had been
Was/were + V-ing
Had been + V-ing
Had + V3
Would/should/could/might/had to
Could/might/should/would + have+
V3/been

3. Perubahan Pronoun
Perubahan pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai
di direct speech (kalimat langsung) yang tentunya mempengaruhi perubahan
pronoun pada indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung).

Kata ganti orang pertama (I dan We) pada reporting speech (lihat penjelasan
di awal) berubah sesuai subjek yang ada di reproted speech.
No
01
02
03

Direct Speech
He said, I am busy.
She said, I am unwell.
I said, I will be late.
They said, We will not permit
04
this.
We said, We need to buy some
05
clothes.

Indirect Speech
He said that he was busy.
She said that she was unwell.
I said that I would be late.
They said that they would not permit
that.
We said that we needed to buy some
clothes.

Kata ganti orang kedua (You) di reporting speech pada direct speech berubah
sesuai objek pada reported speech.

No Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
He said to me, You have to come with He told me that I had to go with
01
me.
him.
02 She said to me, You can go.
She told me that I could go.
03 She said to him, You can go.
She told him that he could go.
Kata ganti orang ketiga (He, she, it dan they) pada direct speech tidak
mengalami perubahan ketika dirubah ke indirect speech.
No Direct Speech
01 He said, She is a good girl.
02 She said, They have invited us.
They said, He does not have the
03
necessary qualifications.

Indirect Speech
He said that she was a good girl.
She said that they had invited them.
They said that he did not have the
necessary qualifications.

4. Perubahan Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverbs of time and place)

Tidak cuma itu, dalam perubahan dari direct speech ke indirect speech juga
mempengaruhi adverbs khusunya adverb of time (keterangan waktu) dan adverb of
place (keterangan tempat). Untuk itu anda wajib memahami tabel di bawah ini.
No Direct Speech
01 Now
02 To day

Indirect Speech
Then
That day

03

04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11

The next day

The day after
Tomorrow
The following day
A day later
The ... after
Next ...
The following ...
The ... before
Last ...
The Previous ...
... before
... ago
... earlier
The day before
Yesterday
The previous day
The preceeding day
The day before yesterday Two day before
Here
There
This
That
These
Those

Di bawah ini adalah contoh-contoh direct dan indirect speech untuk menambah
pemahaman mengenai penjelasan di atas.
Direct Speech
He said, I have a present for you in my
(+)
bag. here
(-)
(?)

Indirect Speech
He said that he had a present for me in
his bag there.

He said, I do not have a present for you He said that he did not have a present
in my bag
for me in his bag.

He asked, Do I have a present for you in He asked me if/whether he had a

my bag?
present for me in his bag.

(?) He asked me, Why do I have to have a

present for you in my bag?

He asked me why he had to have a

present for me in his bag.

(!) He ordered/commanded me, Bring my

bag here now!
He ordered me, Dont bring your bag
(!)
here!

He ordered/commanded me to bring
his bag there then.
He ordered me not to bring my bag
there