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EarthingSystemofInstrumentEquipment

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Instrumentearthingsystemshallconsistofthefollowingearthtype:

Electricalearthing(alsocalleddirtyearthingorProtectiveEarthing(PE))
Instrumentearthing(alsocalledReferenceEarth(RE))

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Intrinsicallysafeearthing

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1.Electricalearthingisusedtoprotectthepowersystem,electricalequipment,andpersonnelfromelectric
shock.
Howtodoanelectricalearthing?
Armoroffieldinstrumentcableshallbeterminatedatcablegland.
Armorofsingleandmulticorecablegoingtojunctionboxshallbeterminatedatcablegland.Ifthe
junctionboxmadefrommetal,thenitonlyneedstoconnecttheearthstudbolttotheneareststeel
structure.Ifthejunctionboxmadefromnonmetal,theearthstudboltwillbelocatedatthemetal
glandplateswhichhavedirectcontactwiththecablegland.
Armorofsingleandmulticorecablegoinginsideoroutsidemarshallingandsystemcabinetshallbe
terminatedandconnectedtoabusbarinsidethecabinet.Eachbusbarinsidethecabinetwillbe
connectedtoagroundingdispatcherby35mmsqcable(usuallygreenyellowstripped).This
groundingdispatcherwillcollectallconnectionfromindividualbusbarandthenconnectittoa
generalelectricalearthloop(tostructuresteel)bya70mmsqcable.Ingeneralused,theearthbus
barismadefromcopperandhas1widthandheight.
2.Instrumentearth
Thegeneralprincipleofinstrumentearthisallindividualshields(screen)andoverallshield(screen)
ofsingleormultipaircableshallbeisolatedfromelectricalearthingandterminatedatdifferentbus
bar.Thisinstrumentearthusuallyalsocalledreferenceearthsinceitservethereferencepointofthe
instrumentloop(groundofinternalelectriccircuitinsidetheinstrument).
Individualshield(drainwire)ofsinglepaircableshallbeterminatedatearthorgroundterminalblock
insidetheinstrumentenclosure.
Individualshieldfromanalogsinglepaircablegoinginsidethejunctionboxshallbeterminatedto
terminalblock.Individualshieldfromdigitalsinglepaircablegoinginsidethejunctionboxshallbe
terminatedtoterminalblockandjumpouteachotherthenconnectittobusbar.
Individualshieldfrommultipaircablegoinginsidethejunctionboxshallbealsoterminatedto
terminalblockmatchwiththeindividualshieldfromsinglepaircable.
Overallshieldfrommultipairanalogcablegoinginsidethejunctionboxshallbeterminatedto
terminalblockorbusbar(overallshieldatanalogcabledoesnthaveapairwiththeshieldfrom
singlepaircable).Overallshieldfrommultipairdigitalcablegoinginsidethejunctionboxshallbe
terminatedtobusbar.
Allindividualandoverallshields(screen)frommultipaircableshallbeterminatedintorespective
instrumentearthbusbaratmarshallingcabinet.
Instrumentbusbarwillbeconnectedtogroundingdispatcherby25mmsqgreenyellowstripped
cable.Fromgroundingdispatcher,itwillbeconnectedtomaininstrumentearthloopby70mmsq
greenyellowstrippedcable.
3.IntrinsicallySafeearthing

MarshallingCabinetorMarshalling
Panel
AsdiscussedintheTypical
ArchitectureofInstrumentationand
AutomationSystem,theautomation
architectureoftheplantishavinga...
EarthingSystemofInstrument
Equipment
Instrumentearthingsystemshall
consistofthefollowingearthtype:
Electricalearthing(alsocalled
dirtyearthingorPr...
FlowDirectionofControlValves
Flowdirectionofcontrolvalveshasa
relationshipwithafailureaction,High
DeltaPressure,Cavitation,and%
openingofthevalve....
WellheadControlPanel(WHCP)
Itisverycommonintheoil&gasplant
tocontrolitsoilorgaswellthrougha
wellheadcontrolpanel(usuallycalled
WHCP).Each...
EndConnectionofControlValves
Thecontrolvalveendconnectionmay
haveflangeconnection,threaded,or
evenweldedend.Flangeconnection
isthemostcommoncontrol...
TypicalCalibrationProcedureof
Displacer(Buoyancy)Level
Transmitter
OperatingPrincipleThedisplacerlevel
transmitter(oranyotherbuoyancy
leveltransmitter)usestheeffectof
buoyancy.Whenthed...
2Wires,3Wires,or4WiresRTD
(ResistanceTemperatureDetector)?
RTDisatemperaturesensitivemetal.
TheresistanceoftheRTDmetalis
graduallychangedwiththechangedof
temperature.Inapplicati...

Labels
Commissioning
Instrument
Maintenance
Material

IsolationandterminationofISfieldcableshields(screen)atfielddevices,junctionboxesand
marshallingcabinetsshallbedoneinthesamemannerasforinstrumentearthexplainedabove.
Howevertheoverallshield(screen)ofmultipaircableforISsignalsgoestomarshallingcabinetshall
beterminatedindividuallyandconnectedtoitsISbusbar.Theindividualshield(screen)ofthiscable
willbeterminateddirectlytoagalvanicisolatorandthenconnectedtotherespectiveISbusbar.

Thefollowingmaximumresistancelimitsshallbeachievedaftertheinstrumentearthingsysteminstalled.This
resistanceisminimizedasmuchaspossiblesotheunnormalcurrentcanbesafelygroundedatsteel
structure.

Betweeninstrumentearthbusbarsandgroundingdispatchernotgreaterthan0.5ohm.
Betweenelectricalequipmentframeandnearestlocalstudearthonstructuralsteelnotgreaterthan
1ohm.
Betweenintrinsicallysafeinstallationandgroundingdispatchernotgreaterthan0.5ohm.

Piping
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Labels:Instrument

1comment:
FelymarMeza June16,2014at4:40AM
Hellothere,
Ivebeencheckingyourpotsandtheyaretrulyinteresting.
Thisinparticularexplainsverywelleverythingaboutearthingconnections.
InmycaseofstudyIhaveaspecificquestion,asfollows:
My company has the standard practice of using multicore cables instead of paired cables,
forDigitalInputs/Outputsand24VDCsupplies.Thosecablesarenotscreened,Ionlyhave
the armour which Im intending to terminate at cable glands. How am I supposed to carry
withthereferenceearthconnectionallalongtheway,fromMarshallingCabinet,toJunction
Boxesandfielddevices?
Couldyougiveahandhere?
Thanksinadvance.
Fely
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