82d421ba-30b8-44ad-a3ea-86c9b89c4e96

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Major Offshore Floating Units Construction

Standards And International Regulations
Dr Marcos Pereira
Pori - Finland
August 2011
Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011
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Human Evolution
Materials Joining Technology at Work
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Shipbuilding Technology Evolution

Joining Technology at Work
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Shipbuilding Technology Evolution

Joining Technology at Work
Joo Candido EAS SUAPE PERNAMBUCO 2010

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MODERN SHIPBUILDING CONSTRUCTION
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COMPLEX FABRICATION
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COMPLEX FABRICATION
COMPLEX FABRICATION
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COMPLEX FABRICATION
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COMPLEX FABRICATION
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PROBLEMS WE HAVE FACED

WITH THE SHIPBUILDING CONSTRUCTION
FALTY JOINING TECHNOLOGY AT WORK
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II World War
2500 Cargo ships produced (100% welded)
145 Ships split in the middle
700 Ships suffered heavy damage during first trip
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Crack Propagation
MV Kurdistan tanker
Loss of the bow up to No. 3 cargo hold
Fortunately no human casualties
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Fatigue Crack Propagation

Alexander L. Kielland platform
27th March 1980
Consequence: loss of 123 lives out of 212 men on board

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Fatigue Crack Propagation

Alexander L. Kielland platform
Fatigue failure from a Hydrophone welded joint

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ERIKA Accident (Offshore Europe)
Failure
of welds
- corroded
platesDamages & Changes on IMO and EU Sea Keeping Regulations
Consequence:
Severe
Environment
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Offshore Challenges
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Brazilian E&P Challenges
2010
Courtesy TWI Ltd
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Pr-sal Province
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Courtesy of PETROBRAS
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Complex Commissioning Work
Courtesy of PETROBRAS
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INDUSTRY STANDARDS
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NORSOK Standards
NORSOK M-120 - Material Data Sheets for Structural Steel

includes a collection of material data sheets (MDS) applicable to selected
material standards and grades for use in steel structures.
Normative references
EN 10025, Hot rolled products of structural steels (all parts)
EN 10204, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents
EN 10210-(all parts), Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels (all
parts)
EN 10210-1, Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels Part 1:
Technical delivery conditions
EN 10219-(all parts), Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels
(all parts)
EN 10219-1, Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels Part
1: Technical delivery conditions
EN 10225, Weldable structural steels for fixed offshore structures Technical delivery conditions
(Corrigendum AC:2002 incorporated)
ISO 8501-1, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products - Visual
assessment of surface cleanliness Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel
substrates and of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings
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NORSOK Standards
NORSOK M-101 - Structural Steel Fabrication

covers the requirements for fabrication and inspection of offshore steel structures with
SMYS < 500 MPa and with a minimum design temperature down to -14C.
For special application steels with SMYS up to 690 MPa may be used.
Normative references
API 2B Specification for fabricated structural steel pipe.
API RP 2X Ultrasonic examination of offshore structural fabrications.
ASME, Section V Non-destructive testing.
BS 7448, Part 1 Fracture mechanics toughness tests.
BS 7910 Guide on methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in fusion
welded structures.
DNV RP D404 Unstable fracture.
EN 287-1 Approval testing of welders - Fusion welding.
EN 288-series Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic
materials.
EN 444 NDT - General principles for radiographic examination of metallic
materials by X-rays and gamma rays.
EN 462-series NDT - Image quality of radiographs.
EN 473 Qualification and certification of NDT personnel - General principles.
EN 719 Welding coordination - Tasks and responsibilities.
EN 729-series Quality requirements for welding - Fusion welding of metallic
materials.
EN 875 Welding - Welded joints in metallic materials - Specimen location and
notch orientation for impact tests.
EN 970 Welding - Visual examination of fusion welded joints.
EN 1011-series Welding - Recommendation for welding of metallic materials,
relevant
parts.
EN 1289 Non destructive examination of welds - Penetrant testing of welds Acceptance levels.
EN 1290 NDT of welds - Magnetic particle examination of welds - .
EN 1291 NDT of welds - Magnetic particle examination of welds - Acceptance

levels.
EN 1418 Welding personnel - Approval testing for fully mechanised and automatic
welding.
EN 1435 Non destructive examination of welds - Radiographic examination of
welded joints.
EN 1597-1 Welding consumables - Test methods - Part 1: Test piece for all weld
metal test specimens in steel, nickel and nickel alloys.
EN 1714 Non destructive examination of welds - Ultrasonic examination of
welded joints.
EN 10204 Metallic products - Types of inspection documents.
prEN 10225 Weldable structural steels for fixed offshore structures.
EN 26847 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding.
Deposition of a weld pad for chemical analysis.
ISO 3690 Welding - Determination of hydrogen indeposited weld metal arising
from the use of covered electrodes for welding mild and low alloy steels.
ISO 5817 (=EN 25817) Arc welded joints in steel - Guidance on quality levels for
imperfections.
NORSOK M-001 Material selection
NORSOK M-120 Material data sheets for structural steel
NORSOK N-001 Structural design
NORSOK N-004 Design of steel structures
NS 477 Welding. Rules for approval of welding inspectors.
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Classification Society Standards
DNV OS-C401 - Fabrication And Testing Of Offshore Structures

contains requirements for fabrication and testing of offshore structures
involving units and installations described in DNV OSS-101 and DNV
OSS-102.
DNV OS-B101 - Metallic Materials

provides principles, technical requirements and guidance for metallic materials to
be used in the fabrication of offshore structures and equipment within DNV class.
Proposed as internationally acceptable standard for quality of metallic materials used for
offshore construction and fabrication
Define minimum requirements for material specifications, treatment processes and
testing
Offers to serve as a contractual reference document between manufacturers, suppliers
and purchasers
Offers to serve as guideline for designers, manufacturers, suppliers, purchasers and
regulators
Specify procedures and requirements to metallic materials to be used in offshore
structures and facilities subject to DNV certification and classification.
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DNV RP-C206 - Fatigue Methodology of Offshore Ships

Provide Guidance On The Fatigue Assessment Of Offshore Welded Structures
DNV RP-C201 Buckling Strength Of Plated Structures

describes two different methods for buckling and ultimate strength
assessment of plated structures.
DNV OS-C401 Fabrication And Testing Of Offshore Structures.

contains requirements for fabrication and testing of offshore structures
involving units and installations described in DNV OSS-101 and DNV
OSS-102.
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BV NR 195 - Approval Of Shipyard Quality Systems For The

Construction Of Ships & Offshore Units
BV NR 204 - Approval of Yard Quality Systems for the
Construction of Offshore Structures
BV NR 476 - Approval Testing of Welders
BV NR 480 - Approval of the Manufacturing Process of Metallic
Materials.
BV NR 426 - Construction Survey of Steel Structures of Offshore
Units and Installations
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There are other Class Society standards

ClassNK, ABS, Lloyds register, GL, RINA
Other IACS members
IACS Unified Requirements & Recommendations

Unified Requirements are minimum requirements. Each Member
remains free to set more stringent requirements.
Requirements Concerning MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING
UNITS
IACS REC 47 - Shipbuilding and Repair Quality Standard
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American Standards
AWS D1.1 - Structural Welding Code Steel

contains the requirements for fabricating and erecting welded
steel structures.
Contain guidelines for the qualification of welding procedures,
welder and welding operators certifications, NDT inspection,
quality of welding materials, repair, etc.
AISC - Manual of Steel Construction ASD 9th Edition
at page 978 there is the Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings
and Bridges sometimes used for the design of top side structures
(considered as a minimum requirement by some companies).
Other related standards: ASME, ASTM, API, ASNT

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International Standards
ISO/TC 67
The goal of ISO/TC67 is the coordination of technical

input from all interest parties, with no consideration of
national or regional origin, or employer.
Standards developed through the American Petroleum
Institute (API) have been developed by the industry since
1921 and constitute about 65% of the current TC 67 work
programme.
Other national standards such as BSI, ASTM, NACE and
ASME provide another 25% of the program.
The additional 10% have been taken from other industry
standards, such as NORSOK, or are wholly new standards
created within the TC67 framework.
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International Standards
ISO/TC 67
TC67 stated mission was established when it was reactivated in 1989 is:
"To create value added standards for the oil and natural gas industry."
The major objectives to which the TC operates are stated in four goals
1) prepare standards required by the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries,
2) prepare standards that can be adopted worldwide by other standards organizations, such as
BSI, API and others.
3) publish standards that enable companies to minimize their specifications, and
4) deliver standards to the target dates set on the agreed work programme.
The principal vision of TC 67 and all participants is to have global standards used
locally worldwide.
"do it once, do it right, do it internationally."
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ISO/TC 67 Member Countries

Secretariat:
United Kingdom ( BSI )
Observing Countries
Belgium ( NBN )
Egypt ( EOS )
Germany ( DIN )
India ( BIS )
Poland ( PKN )
Saudi Arabia ( SASO )
Serbia ( ISS )
South Africa ( SABS )
Participating countries: 23
Observing countries: 8
Participating Countries
Argentina ( IRAM )
Brazil ( ABNT )
Canada ( SCC )
China ( SAC )
Denmark ( DS )
Finland ( SFS )
France ( AFNOR )
Indonesia ( BSN )
Iran, Islamic Republic of ( ISIRI )
Italy ( UNI )
Japan ( JISC )
Kazakhstan ( KAZMEMST )
Korea, Republic of ( KATS )
Malaysia ( DSM )
Netherlands ( NEN )
Norway ( SN )
Qatar ( QS )
Romania ( ASRO )
Russian Federation ( GOST R )
Singapore ( SPRING SG )
Spain ( AENOR )
USA ( ANSI )
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ISO/TC 67 Structure
TC 67/EC/MC Executive committee and Management committee

TC 67/WG 2
Conformity assessment
TC 67/WG 4
Reliability Engineering and technology
TC 67/WG 5
Aluminium alloy pipes
TC 67/WG 7
Corrosion resistant materials
TC 67/WG 8
Materials, corrosion control, welding and jointing, and non-destructive examination

(NDE)
TC 67/WG 10
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) installations and equipment
TC 67/SC 2
Pipeline transportation systems
TC 67/SC 3
Drilling and completion fluids, and well cements
TC 67/SC 4
Drilling and production equipment
TC 67/SC 5
Casing, tubing and drill pipe
TC 67/SC 6
Processing equipment and systems
TC 67/SC 7
Offshore structures
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ISO/TC 67/SC 7 Structure
TC 67/SC 7/AG
Advisory group
TC 67/SC 7/WG 1
General requirements
TC 67/SC 7/WG 3
Fixed steel structures
TC 67/SC 7/WG 4
Fixed concrete structures
TC 67/SC 7/WG 5
Floating systems
TC 67/SC 7/WG 6
Weight engineering
TC 67/SC 7/WG 7
Site specific assessment of mobile offshore units (MOUS)
TC 67/SC 7/WG 8
Offshore Arctic structures
TC 67/SC 7/WG 9
Marine operations
TC 67/SC 7/WG 10
Foundations
TC 67/SC 7/WG 11
Offshore freight containers
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ISO/TC 67/SC 7 International Standards
Standard and/or Project
Stage
ISO 19900:2002
General requirements for offshore structures
90.92
ISO 19901-1:2005
Specific requirements for offshore structures -- Part 1: Metocean design and operating considerations
90.92
ISO 19901-2:2004
Specific requirements for offshore structures -- Part 2: Seismic design procedures and criteria
90.60
ISO 19901-3:2010
Specific requirements for offshore structures -- Part 3: Topsides structure
60.60
ISO 19901-4:2003
Specific requirements for offshore structures -- Part 4: Geotechnical and foundation design
considerations
90.60
ISO 19901-5:2003
Specific requirements for offshore structures -- Part 5: Weight control during engineering and
construction
90.60
ISO 19901-6:2009
Specific requirements for offshore structures -- Part 6: Marine operations
60.60
ISO 19901-7:2005
Specific requirements for offshore structures -- Part 7: Stationkeeping systems for floating offshore
structures and mobile offshore units
90.92
ISO 19902:2007
Fixed steel offshore structures
90.60
ISO 19903:2006
Fixed concrete offshore structures
90.93
ISO 19904-1:2006
Floating offshore structures -- Part 1: Monohulls, semi-submersibles and spars
90.93
ISO 19906:2010
Arctic offshore structures
60.60
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ISO 19900:2002 - General requirements for offshore structures

Specifies general principles for the design and assessment of structures subjected
to known or foreseeable types of actions.
Applicable to all types of offshore structures including bottom-founded structures,
floating structures and all types of materials used including steel, concrete and
aluminium.
Specifies design principles applicable to:
the successive stages in construction (fabrication, transportation and
installation),
to the use of the structure during its intended life and, to its decommissioning.
Generally, also applicable to the assessment or modification of existing
structures.
Aspects related to quality control are also addressed.
Applicable to the design of complete structures including:
substructures, topsides structures, vessel hulls, foundations and mooring
systems.
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ISO 19901-1:2005 Specific requirements for offshore structures

- Part 1: Metocean design and operating considerations
gives general requirements for the determination and use of meteorological and
oceanographic (metocean) conditions for the design, construction and operation of
offshore structures of all types used in the petroleum and natural gas industries.

- Part 2: Seismic design procedures and criteria
contains requirements for defining the seismic design procedures and criteria for
offshore structures; guidance on the requirements is included
Requirements are applicable to fixed steel structures and fixed concrete
structures.
The effects of seismic events on floating structures and partially buoyant
structures are also briefly discussed.
The site-specific assessment of jack-ups in elevated condition is only covered in
ISO 19901-2:2004 to the extent that the requirements are applicable.
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ISO 19901-3:2010 - Specific requirements for offshore

structures -- Part 3: Topsides structure
gives requirements for the design, fabrication, installation, modification and
structural integrity management for the topsides structure for an oil and gas
platform.
It complements ISO 19902, ISO 19903, ISO 19904-1, ISO 19905-1 and ISO
19906, which give requirements for various forms of support structure.

-- Part 4: Geotechnical and foundation design considerations.
contains requirements and recommendations for those aspects of geosciences
and foundation engineering that are applicable to a broad range of offshore
structures.
Covers soil and rock characterization, and design and installation of foundations
supported by the seabed (shallow foundations) and the identification of hazards.
Aspects of soil mechanics and foundation engineering that apply equally to
offshore and onshore structures are not addressed.
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structures -- Part 5: Weight control during engineering
and construction
Specifies requirements for controlling the weight and centre of gravity (CoG) by means of
mass management during the engineering and construction of structures for the offshore
environment.
Applicable to offshore projects that include structures of all types and materials.
Differentiates between projects where considerations with regard to weight and CoG have a
high priority as a result of weight and/or CoG sensitivity, and projects where weight and CoG
are of little consequence.
Three different classes of structure (Class A, Class B and Class C).
Depending on the degree of control necessary, different clauses of ISO 19901 will apply;
clause 4 provides guidelines for assigning one of these classes.
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structures -- Part 6: Marine operations
Provides requirements and guidance for the planning and engineering of marine operations
Covers the design and analysis of the components, systems, equipment and procedures
required to perform marine operations, as well as the methods or procedures developed to
carry them out safely.
applicable to marine operations for offshore structures, including:
Steel and concrete gravity-base structures (GBS);
Piled steel structures and compliant towers;
Tension leg platforms (TLP) and deep-draught floaters (DDF), including spars or deep-draught
caisson vessels (DDCV);
Floating production semi-submersibles (FPSS); floating production, storage and offloading vessels
(FPSO);
Other types of floating production systems (FPS); mobile offshore units (MOU);
Topsides and components of any of the above; subsea templates and similar structures; gravity,
piled, drag-embedded and suction or other anchors; tendon foundations; and associated mooring
systems.
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structures -- Part 7: Stationkeeping systems for floating offshore
structures and mobile offshore units
Specifies methodologies for:
a) the design, analysis and evaluation of stationkeeping systems for floating
structures used by the oil and gas industries to support production, storage,
drilling, well intervention and production, production and storage, drilling, well
intervention, production and storage, and
b) the assessment of stationkeeping systems for site-specific applications of
mobile offshore units (e.g. mobile offshore drilling units, construction units,
and pipelay units).
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ISO 19902:2007 Fixed Steel Offshore Structures.

specifies requirements and provides recommendations applicable to caissons,
free-standing and braced; jackets; monotowers; towers.
Additionally it is applicable to:
compliant bottom founded structures, steel gravity structures, jack-ups, other
bottom founded structures
other structures related to offshore structures (such as underwater oil storage
tanks, bridges and connecting structures).
Contains requirements for planning and engineering of the following tasks:
design, fabrication, transportation and installation of new structures as well as
their future removal;
in-service inspection and integrity management of both new and existing
structures;
assessment of existing structures;
evaluation of structures for reuse at different locations.
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ISO 19903:2006 - Fixed concrete offshore structures

Specifies requirements and provides recommendations applicable to fixed
concrete offshore structures for the petroleum and natural gas industries.
Specifically addresses the design, construction, transportation and installation of
new structures.
Includes requirements for in-service inspection and possible removal of structures,
Includes also assessment of structures in service, and the assessment of
structures for reuse at other locations.
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ISO 19904-1:2006 - Floating offshore structures - Part 1:

Monohulls, semi-submersibles and spars
provides requirements and guidance for the structural design and/or assessment
of:
Floating offshore platforms used by the petroleum and natural gas industries
to support production,
Storage and/or offloading, drilling and production, production, storage and
offloading, and drilling, production, storage and offloading.
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ISO 19906:2010 - Arctic offshore structures

Specifies requirements and provides recommendations and guidance for the
design, construction, transportation, installation and removal of offshore
structures, related to the activities of the petroleum and natural gas industries in
arctic and cold regions.
Objective is to ensure that offshore structures in arctic and cold regions provide an
appropriate level of reliability with respect to personnel safety, environmental
protection and asset value to the owner, to the industry and to society in general.
Does not contain requirements for the operation, maintenance, service-life
inspection or repair except where the design strategy imposes specific
requirements.
Does not apply specifically to mobile offshore drilling units but the procedures
relating to ice actions and ice management are applicable to the assessment of
such units.
Does not apply to mechanical, process and electrical equipment or any
specialized process equipment associated with arctic and cold region.
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CONCLUDING REMARKS
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CONCLUSIONS
Shipbuilding and Offshore industry is constantly

evolving.
Lessons learnt from past accidents contributed to the
evolution of the industry standards.
Significant challenges are expected in the offshore
sector.
There are a myriad of standards available for hull,
topsides, equipment, safety and seakeeping.
Todays standards cover from design, construction,
operation to decommissioning
Regional standards have different philosophies and not
always are applicable in full internationally.
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CONCLUSIONS
It is not clear what are the major differences between

class standards and ISO Offshore related standards.
ISO standardization will continue, therefore it is
important that more shipbuilding and offshore countries
contribute to its content development.
An in depth appraisal of current industrial standards is
required to determine the levels of safety, cost/benefit
achieved so far.
Migration to ISO will be beneficial, however the
timescales for the development and review of
standards must decrease.
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Thanks for Listening
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Contact
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Dr Marcos Pereira
E-mail: marcos.pereira@mfengenharia.com
Website: http://www.mfengenharia.com
Tel/fax: +55 (21) 2204-2949
Mob:
+55 (21) 8730-1902

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EN

Major Offshore Floating Units Construction

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

Shipbuilding Technology Evolution

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

Shipbuilding Technology Evolution

Joo Candido EAS SUAPE PERNAMBUCO 2010

MODERN SHIPBUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

PROBLEMS WE HAVE FACED

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

BRITLE FRACTURE Liberty Ships

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

Fatigue Crack Propagation

Consequence: loss of 123 lives out of 212 men on board

Fatigue Crack Propagation

Fatigue failure from a Hydrophone welded joint

ERIKA Accident (Offshore Europe)

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

Brazilian E&P Challenges

Courtesy TWI Ltd

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

Complex Commissioning Work

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

NORSOK M-120 - Material Data Sheets for Structural Steel

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

NORSOK M-101 - Structural Steel Fabrication

EN 1291 NDT of welds - Magnetic particle examination of welds - Acceptance

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

Classification Society Standards

DNV OS-C401 - Fabrication And Testing Of Offshore Structures

DNV OS-B101 - Metallic Materials

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

Classification Society Standards

DNV RP-C206 - Fatigue Methodology of Offshore Ships

DNV RP-C201 Buckling Strength Of Plated Structures

DNV OS-C401 Fabrication And Testing Of Offshore Structures.

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Classification Society Standards

BV NR 195 - Approval Of Shipyard Quality Systems For The

Classification Society Standards

There are other Class Society standards

IACS Unified Requirements & Recommendations

AWS D1.1 - Structural Welding Code Steel

Other related standards: ASME, ASTM, API, ASNT

The goal of ISO/TC67 is the coordination of technical

"do it once, do it right, do it internationally."

Copyright MF ENGENHARIA & TECNOLOGIA 2011

ISO/TC 67 Member Countries

TC 67/EC/MC Executive committee and Management committee

Reliability Engineering and technology

Aluminium alloy pipes

Corrosion resistant materials

Materials, corrosion control, welding and jointing, and non-destructive examination

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) installations and equipment

Pipeline transportation systems