SPARTA: A Bibliography

MAJOR ANCIENT TEXTS:

Herodotus, The Histories [Massachusetts Institute of

Technology, Tech Classics Archive]

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian
War [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Tech Classics
Archive]
Xenophon, The Hellenic History (Perseus, English)
Xenophon, Constitution of the Lacedaemonians
Pausanias, The Description of Greece Book III: "Laconia"
(Perseus, English) [also in a Penguin and the Loeb Classical
Library]
Plutarch, Parallel Lives of the Noble Greeks and
Romans, "Agesilaus", "Lycurgus", "Lysander", "Nicias", "Agis
", "Cleomenes", "Pericles", and others. [Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Tech Classics Archive]
Plutarch, Moralia (Essays) (Loeb Classical Library; selection
in Penguin)
"Sayings of Spartans" (Vol. III)

"Ancient Customs of Spartans" (Vol. III)

"Sayings of Spartan Women" (III)
"Bravery of Spartan Women" (III)
Plutarch on Sparta (Penguin)
Polybius, The History [Commentary in 3 vols. by Frank
Walbank]
English translations of other materials can be found through the
resources at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology site and

through PERSEUS

HISTORY AND SOCIETY:

P.M. Fraser and E. Matthews (edd.), Lexicon of Greek

Personal Names. III.A: Peloponnese, Western Greece, Sicily

and Magna Graecia (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1997).
Africa, Thomas W., Phylarchus and the Spartan

Revolution (Berkeley 1961).

Alfieri Tonini, T., "Il problema del neodamodeis nell' ambito
della societ spartana," RIL 109 (1975) 305-316.
Andreotti, R., "Sull' origine della patronomia
spartana," Athenaeum 13 (1935) 187-194.
Andrewes, A., "Eunomia," Classical Quarterly 32 (1938) 89102.
Andrewes, A., "Sparta and Arcadia in the early Fifth
Century," Phoenix 6 (1952) 1-5.
Andrewes, A., "Two Notes on Lysander," Phoenix 25 (1971)
206-226.
Andrewes, A., "The Government of Classical
Sparta," Ancient Society and Institutions.... Viktor
Ehrenberg (Oxford 1966) 1-20.
Ball, R., " 'Menelaos' in the Spartan Agiad kinglist," Classical Quarterly 27 (1977) 312-316.
Banou, Emilia, Beitrag zum Studium Lakoniens in der
mykenischen Zeit (Mnchen, 1996).
Barello, Alessandra, "Il processo di Cleomene e la crisi
dinastica di Sparta," Processi e politica nel mondo
antico (ed. Marta Sordi) (Milano: Vita e Pensiero 1996) 1927.
Baltrusch, Ernst, Sparta: Geschichte, Gesellschaft,
Kultur (Mnchen: Beck 1998).

 Baltrusch, Ernst, "Mythos oder Wirklichkeit? Die

Helotengefahr und der Peloponnesische Bund," Historische

Zeitschrift 273 (2001) 1-24.
Bar-Hen, E., "Le parti de la paix Sparte la veille de la
guerre du Ploponnese," Ancient Society 8 (1977) 21-31.
Barrow, R., Sparta (London 1975).
Barthlemy, Jean-Jacques, L'esercito di Sparta (ed. Sergio
Valzania) (Palermo, 1996).
Bassett, Sherylee R., "The enigma of Clearchus the
Spartan," AHB 15 (2001) 1-13.
Beattie, A. J., "An early Laconian Lex Sacra," Classical
Quarterly 1 (1951) 46-58
Beck, Mark Alexander, "Plato, Plutarch, and the use and
manipulation of anecdotes in the 'Lives of Lycurgus and
Agesilaus'," Plutarco, Platn y Aristteles (1999) 173-187.
Bernhardt, R., "Die Entstehung der Legende von der
tyrannenfeindlichen Aussenpolitik Spartas im sechsten und
fnften Jahrhundert v. Chr.," Historia 36 (1987) 257-289.
Bernini, U., "Archidamo e Cleomene III. Politica interna ed
estera a Sparta (241-227 a.C.)," Athenaeum 60 (1982) 205223.
Berthiaume, G., "Citoyens spcialistes Sparte. Rponse
R. T. Ridley," Mnemosyne 29 (1976) 360-364.
Bilik, Ronald, "Hippias von Elis als Quelle von Diodors
Bericht ber den elisch-spartanischen Krieg ?," AncSoc 29
(1998-1999) 21-47.
Billheimer, A., "Age-classes in Spartan
Education," Transactions of the American Philological
Association 78 (1947) 99-104.
Bloedow, E.F. ,"The Speeches of Archidamus and
Sthenelaidas at Sparta," Historia 30 (1981) 129-143.
Bloedow, E.F., "Archidamus the 'intelligent' Spartan," Klio 65
(1983) 27-49.
Bloedow, E.F. , "Sthenelaidas the Persuasive

Spartan," Hermes 115 (1987) 60-66.

Bloedow, E.F., "Why did Sparta rebuff the Athenians at
Ithome in 462 BC?" Ancient History Bulletin 14.3 (2000) 89101.
Bloedow, E.F. ,"Spartan Naval Command: From Secretary to
'Vice-Admiral'" Scholia 9 (2000) 12-19.
Bockisch, G., "Harmostai," Klio 48 (1967) 129-239.
Boelte, F., "Sparta," Realencyclopaedie der classischen
Altertumswissenschaft III A (1929) 1265-1373.
Boerker, C., "Knig Agesilaos von Sparta und der ArtemisTempel in Ephesos," ZPE 37 (1980) 69-75.
Bommelaer, J. F., Lysandre de Sparte. Histoire et
Traditions (Paris 1981).
Bonnechre, Pierre, "Le rituel samien dcrit par Hrodote 3,
48 et la bomolochia spartiate," Les Etudes Classiques 66
(1998) 3-21.
Boring, Terence, Literacy in Ancient Sparta (Leiden 1979).
[Mnemosyne, Supplement 54].
Bourguet, E., Le dialecte laconien (Paris 1927).
Bourriot, Flix, "Kaloi kagathoi, kalokagathia Sparte aux
poques archaque et classique," Historia 45 (1996) 129140.
Bowersock, G., "Eurycles of Sparta," Journal of Roman
Studies 51 (1961) 112-118.
Braccesi, Lorenzo, L' Enigma Dorico [Hesperia, 11 (1999)].
Bradford, A.S., "The Synarchia of Roman Sparta" Chiron 10
(1980) 413-425.
Alfred S. Bradford, Review: Cartledge and
Spawforth Hellenistic and Roman Sparta, Ancient History
Bulletin 5 (1991) 170-178.
Bremmer, Jan N., "Myth as Propaganda: Athens and
Sparta," ZPE 117 (1997) 9-17.
Bringmann, K., "Die Grosse Rhetra und die Entstehung des
spartanischen Kosmos," Historia 24 (1975) 513-538.

 Brunt, P. A., "Spatan Policy and Strategy in the Archidamian

War," Phoenix 19 (1965) 255-280.

Bruce, I. A. F., "Theopompos and Sparta," Ancient History
Bulletin 1 (1987) 1-5.
Buckler, John, The Theban Hegemony, 371-362
B.C. (Cambridge Harvard 1980).
Buckler, John, "The alleged Theban-Spartan Alliance of 386
B.C.," Eranos 88 (1980) 179-185.
Carlier, P., "La vie politique Sparte sous le rgne de
Cleomne Ier: essai d' interpretation," Ktema 2 (1977) 6584.
Cartledge, Paul, Spartan Reflections (Berkeley/L.A.: U. Calif.
Press 2003).
Cartledge, Paul, The Spartans: The World of the WarriorHeroes of Ancient Greece, from Utopia to Crisis and
Collapse (Overlook Press 2003).
Cartledge, Paul, Thermopylae: The Battle that Changed the
World (Woodstock: The Overlook Press 2006).
Cartledge, Paul & Spawforth, Antony, Hellenistic and Roman
Sparta second edition (London: Routledge 2002).
Cartledge, Paul, Sparta and Lakonia. A Regional History
1300-362 B.C. second edition (London/New York: Routledge
2002).
Cartledge, Paul, "A new fifth-century Spartan
Treaty," Liverpool Classical Monthly 1 (1976) 87-92.
Cartledge, Paul, "Hoplites and heroes: Sparta's Contribution
to the Technique of Ancient Warfare," Journal of Hellenic
Studies 97 (l977) 11-27.
Cartledge, Paul, "Literacy in the Spartan Oligarchy," Journal
of Hellenic Studies 98 (l978) 25-37.
Cartledge, Paul, Agesilaos and the Crisis of
Sparta (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins 1987).
Cartledge, Paul, "The peculiar Position of Sparta in the
Development of the Greek City-State," PRIA 80 (1980) 91-

108.
Cartledge, Paul, "The Politics of Spartan
Pederasty," Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological
Society 27 (1981) 17-36.
Cartledge, Paul, "Sparta and Samos. A Special
Relationship?" Classical Quarterly 32 (1982) 243-265.
Cartledge, Paul, "Spartan Justice? or The State of the
Ephors?" Dike 3 (2000) 5-26.
Cartledge, Paul, "Did Spartan Citizens ever practise a
manual techne?" Liverpool Classical Monthly 1 (1976) 115119.
Cartledge, Paul, "Spartan Wives. Liberation or
License," Classical Quarterly 31 (1981) 84-105.
Caserta, Cristiana, "Erodoto, i Battiadi e Sparta," Erodoto e
l'Occidente (1999) 67-109.
Cavanagh, W.C. and S.E.C. Walker (edd.), Sparta in
Laconia. Proceedings of the 19th British Museum Classical
Colloquium, London 1993 (London 1998) [British School at
Athens, Studies, 4].
Cawkwell, G.L., "Agesilaus and Sparta," Classical
Quarterly 26 (l976) 62-84.
Cawkwell, G.L., "The Decline of Sparta," Classical
Quarterly 33 (1983) 385-400.
Cawkwell, G.L., "Sparta and her Allies in the Sixth
Century," Classical Quarterly 43. 2 (1993) 364- .
Chambers, James T., "The Coinage of Ancient Sparta," The
Numismatist 94. 4 (April 1981) 882-889.
Chrestien, J., "La loi d' Epitadeus. Un aspect de l' histoire
economique et sociale Sparte," Revue historique de droit
fr. et etr.52 (1974) 197-221.
Chrimes, K.T., Ancient Sparta (Manchester 1949).
Chrimes, K.T., The Respublica Lacedaimoniorum ascribed to
Xenophon (Manchester 1948).
Christesen, Paul, "Utopia on the Eurotas: Economic Aspects

of the Spartan Mirage," in Figueira (ed.), Spartan

Society (2004).
Christien, Jacqueline, "Les forteresses de la cte orientale
de Laconie et la guerre de Chrmonids," Ktema 12 (1987)
111-124.
Ciccotti, Ettore, La costituzione cosiddetta di Licurgo (1885:
Roma: Bretschneider 1967).
Clauss, M., Sparta. Eine Einfhrung in seine Geschichte und
Zivilisation (Mnchen 1983).
Coleman-Norton, P. R., "Socialism at Sparta," The Greek
Political Experience. Studies in Honor of W. K.
Prentice (Princeton 1941) 61-77.
Constantinidou, Soteroula, "Dionysiac Elements in Spartan
Cult Dances," Phoenix 52 (1998) 15-30.
Corsano, M., "Sparte et Tarente. Le mythe de fondation d'
une colonie," RHR no. 196 (1979) 113-140.
Cozzoli, U., "Sparta e l' affrancamento degli Iloti nel V e nel
IV secolo," MGN 6 (1978) 213-232.
Cuniberti, Gianluca, "Lakedaimonion Politeia," SIFC 18
(2000) 99-111.
David, E., "The Sparta syssitia and Plato's Laws," American
Journal of Philology 99 (1978) 486-495.
David, E., "Revolutionary Agitation in Sparta after
Leuctra," Athenaeum 58 (1980) 299-308.
David, E., "Aristotle and Sparta," Ancient Society 13-14
(1982-83) 67-103.
David, E., "The Influx of Money into Sparta at the End of the
Fifth Century B.C.," SCI 5 (1979-1980) 30-45.
Daubies, M., "Les influences stociennes dans les rformes
de Clomne III, roi de Sparte," Revue Belge de
Philologie 48 (1970) 1354-1355.
Dawkins, R. M. et al., The Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at
Sparta (London 1929).
De Laix, R. A., "Aristotle's Conception of the Spartan

Constitution," Journal of the History of Philosophy 12 (1974)

21-30.
De Ste. Croix, Geoffrey E. M., The Origins of the
Peloponnesian War (London 1972).
De Vido, Stefania, "Genealogie di Spartani re nelle Storie
erodotee," QS 27 (2001) 209-227.
Den Boer, W. Laconian Studies (Amsterdam 1954).
Devoto, John G., Agesilaos II and the Politics of Sparta: 404377 B.C. (1982).
Devoto, John, "Pelopidas and Cleombrotos at
Leuktra," Ancient History Bulletin 3 (1989) 115-118.
Dettenhofer, Maria H., "Die Frauen von Sparta:
Gesellschaftliche Position und politische Relevanz," Klio 75
(1993) 61-75.
Diakonoff, I.M., "Slaves, Helots and Serfs in Early
Antiquity," Acta Antiqua 22 (1974) 45-78.
Dickins, G., "The Growth of the Spartan Policy," JHS 32
(1912) 1-42.
Dietrich, B. C., "The Dorian Hyacinthia: A survival from the
Bronze Age," Kadmos 14 (1975) 133-142.
Dillery, J., Xenophon and the History of His Times (New
York/London: Routledge 1995). [ review by C. J. Tuplin ]
Dreher, M. Athen und Sparta (Mnchen 2001).
Drews, R., "Phoenicians, Carthage, and the
Spartan eunomia," American Journal of Philology 100 (1979)
45-58.
Ducat, J., "Sparte archaque et classique. Structures
conomiques, sociales, politiques," Revue des tudes
grecques 96 (1983) 194-225.
Ducat, Jean, "La femme de Sparte et la cit," Ktma 23
(1998) 385-406.
Ducat, Jean, "La femme de Sparte et la guerre," Pallas 51
(1999) 159-171.
Ducat, Jean, Spartan Education. Youth and Society in the

Classical Period (Swansea: The Classical Press of Wales

2006).
Dum, Georg, Entstehung und Entwicklung des
Spartanischen Ephorats (1878; Roma: Bretschneider 1970).
Ehling, Kay, "Zur Datierung des Gold- und Silbergeld
verbots in Sparta," Jahrbuch fr Numismatik und
Geldgeschichte 47 (1997) 13-20.
Ehrenberg, Viktor, "Der Damos im archaischen
Sparta," Hermes 68 (1933) 288-305.
Ehrenberg, Viktor, "Die Spartiaten und
Lakedaimonier," Hermes 59 (1924) 23-72.
Ephraim, David, "Hunting in Spartan Society and
Consciousness," EMC 12. 3 (1993) 393-413.
Ephraim, David, "Suicide in Spartan Society," in Figueira,
(ed.) Spartan Society (Swansea 2004).
Falkner, Caroline, "Sparta and the Elean War, ca 401/400
B.C.: Revenge or Imperialism?" Phoenix 50.1 (1996) 17-25.
Falkner, Caroline, "Sparta's colony at Herakleia Trachinia
and Spartan strategy in 426," EMC 18 (1999) 45-58.
Falkner, Caroline, "Sparta and Lepreon in the Archidamian
War (Thuc. 5. 31. 2-5)," Historia 48 (1999) 385-394.
Figueira, Thomas J., "Mess Contributions and subsistence at
Sparta," Transactions of the American Philological
Association 114 (1984) 87-109.
Figueira, Thomas J., "Population Patterns in Late Archaic
and Classical Sparta," Transactions of the American
Philological Association 116 (1986) 165-213.
Figueira, Thomas J., (ed.) Spartan Society (Swansea:
Classical Press of Wales 2004).
Figueira, Thomas J., "The Nature of the Spartan kleros,"
Figueira, (ed.) Spartan Society (Swansea 2004).
Fisher, Nick, and Hans Van Wees (edd.), Archaic Greece :
new approaches and new evidence (London : Duckworth
1998).

 Fitzhardinge, L.F., The Spartans (London & NY: Thames &

Hudson 1980).
Flower, M.A., "Agesilaus of Sparta and the Origins of the
Ruler Cult," Classical Quarterly 38 (1988) 123-134.
Fornara, C.W. , "Some Aspects of the Career of Pausanias
of Sparta," Historia 15 (1966) 257-271.
Fornis, Csar and Juan-Miguel Casillas, "Spartan
Syssitia," Ancient History Bulletin 11 (1997).
Fornis, Csar, "Mache kartein en la guerra de Corinto: las
batallas hopliticas de Nemea y Coronea (394
a.C.)," Gladius 23 (2003) 141-159.
Fornis, Csar, "Campaas espartanas olvidadas: Jenofonte
y la fase de desgaste de la Guerra de Corinto," Ktma 32
(2007) 351-361.
Fornis, Csar, "La conspiracion de Cinadon: paradigma de
resistencia de los depenientes lacedemonios?" Studia
Historica (H. Antigua) 25 (2007) 103-115.
Forrest, W. George, A History of Sparta 2nd ed. (NY Norton
1968).
Forrest, W. George, The Emergence of Greek Democracy
800-400 B.C. (New York: McGraw Hill 1966), ch. 5.
Forrest, W. George, "Democracy and Oligarchy in Sparta
and Athens," EMC 27 (1983) 285-296.
Fortunelli, Simona, "Potere e integrazione nel programma
chiloniano," Ostraka 8 (1999) 387-405.
Galvagno, Emilio, "Sparta, l'Occidente e Cartagine," RSA 29
(1999) 27-50.
Gentili, "Il Partenio di Alcmane e l' amore omoerotico
femminile nei tiasi spartani," QUCC no. 22 (1976) 59-67.
Gianotti, Gian Franco, "Sparta arcaica," RCCM 40 (1998)
125-132.
Ginsburg, M.S., "Sparta and Judaea," Classical Philology 29
(1934) 117-124.
Giraud, Jean-Marie, "Xnophon et l'explication de la dfaite

spartiate," DHA 26 (2000) 85-107.

Gozzoli, U., Propriet fondiaria ed esercito nello stato
spartiano dell' t classica (Roma 1979).
Guarducci, M., "I culti della Laconia," Storia Spartana (1964)
87-106.
Grundy, G.B. ,"The Population and Policy of Sparta in the
Fifth Century," JHS 28 (1908) 77-96.
Habicht, Chr., "Der Beitrag Spartas zur Restitution von
Samos whernd desw Samischen Krieges (Ps.
Aristoteles konomik II,,2,9)," Chiron 5 (1975) 45-50.
Hall, Jonathan M., "Sparta, Lakedaimon and the nature of
perioikic dependency," Further studies in the ancient Greek
polis (2000) 73-89.
Hamilton, Charles D., "Spartan Politics and Policy, 405-401
B. C.," American Journal of Philology 91 (1970) 294-314.
Hamilton, Charles D., Sparta's Bitter Victories (Ithaca:
Cornell 1979).
Hamilton, Charles D., "Agesilaus and the Failure of Spartan
Hegemony," Ancient World 5 (1982) 67-78.
Hamilton, Charles D., "Lysander, Agesilaus, Spartan
Imperialism and the Greeks of Asia Minor," Ancient
World 23. 1 (1992), 35-50.
Hamilton, Charles D., "Thebes and Sparta in the fourth
century," Ktma 19 (1994) 239-258.
Hamilton, Charles D., "The Ideology of Spartan
Conservatism" AncW 27.2 (1996) 147-155.
Hammond, Mason, "A famous Exemplum of Spartan
Toughness," Classical Journal 75 (1979-1980) 97-109.
Hammond, Nicholas G.L. , "Sparta at
Thermopylae" Historia 45.1 (1996) 1-20.
Hammond, N.G.L., "The Lycurgan Reform at
Sparta," JHS 70 (1950) 42-64.
Harvey, David, "The clandestine Massacre of the Helots
(Thucydides 4. 80)," Figueira, (ed.) Spartan

Society (Swansea 2004).

Hatzopoulos, Miltiades B., "Le culte des Dioscures et la
double royaut Sparte," AEHE (V.Sect.) 79 (1971-1972)
475-476.
Hermann-Otto, Elisabeth ,"Verfassung und Gesellschaft
Spartas in der Kritik des Aristoteles," Historia 47.1 (1998) 1840.
Hampl, F., "Die Lakedaemonischen Perioeken," Hermes 72
(1937) 1-37.
Hansen, O., "Were the Native Inhabitants of Thera called
helots by the Spartan colonists?" American Journal of
Philology 105 (1984) 326-327.
Harvey, F.D., "Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 2390 and Early Spartan
History," JHS 87 (1967) 62-73.
Hatzopoulos, Miltiades, "Le culte des Dioscures et la double
royaut Sparte," AEHE ( V. Sect.) 79 (1971-1972) 475476.
Hicks, C. M., Spartan Foreign Relations during the
Hellenistic Age (1980).
Holladay, A.J., "Spartan Austerity," Classical Quarterly 27
(1977) 111-126.
Holladay, A.J., "Sparta's Role in the First Peloponnesian
War," JHS 97 (1977) 54-63.
Holladay, A.J. , "Sparta and the First Peloponnesian
War," JHS 105 (1985) 161-162.
Hodkinson, S.J., "Social Order and the Conflict of Values in
Classical Sparta," Chiron 13 (1983) 239-281.
Hodkinson, S.J., Land tenure and inheritance in Classical
Sparta," Classical Quarterly 36 (1986) 378-406.
Hodkinson, Stephen, "Spartan society in the fourth
century," Le IVe sicle av. J.-C. (1996) 85-101.
Hodkinson, Stephen, "Lakonian artistic production and the
problem of Spartan austerity," N. Fisher & H. Van Wees
(edd.) Archaic Greece (1998) 93-117.

 Hodkinson, S.J., Property and Wealth in Classical

Sparta (London: Duckworth & The Classical Press of Wales

2000).
Hodkinson, S(tephen) J. & Anthony Powell (edd.), Sparta:
New Perspectives (London: 1999).
Hodkinson, S(tephen) J. & Anthony Powell (edd.), Sparta
and War (Swansea: The Classical Press of Wales 2006).
Hooker, J.T., The Ancient Spartans (London: J.M. Dent
1980).
Hope Simpson, R., "Leonidas' Decision," Phoenix 26 (1972)
1-11.
Hornblower, Simon, "Thucydides, Xenophon, and
Lichas," Phoenix 54 (2000) 212-225.
Humble, Noreen M., Xenophon's View of Sparta... [Ph.D.
Thesis, McMaster U. 1997].
Humble, Noreen, "Xenophon's sons in Sparta? Perspectives
on xenoi in the spartan Upbringing," Figueira, (ed.) Spartan
Society (Swansea 2004).
Hupfloher, Annette, Kulte im kaiserzeitlichen Sparta (Berlin,
2000).
Huxley, G.L., Early Sparta (Cambridge Harvard 1962).
Huxley, G.L., On Aristotle and Greek Society (Belfast 1977).
Huxley, G.L., "Herodotos on Myth and Politics in Early
Sparta," PRIA 83 (1983) 1c-16c.
Huys, Marc, "The Spartan Practice of Selective Infanticide
and its Parallels in Ancient Utopian Tradition" Ancient
Society 27 (1996) 47-74.
Janni, P., La cultura di Sparta arcaica. Ricerche, II (Roma
1970).
Jeanmaire, H., "La cryptie lacedmonienne," Revue des
tudes grecques 26 (1913) 121-150.
Jones, A.H.M., Sparta (Oxford 1967).
Jones, A.H.M., "The Lycurgan Rhetra," Ancient Society and
Institutions.... Viktor Ehrenberg (Oxford 1966) 165-175.

 Kagan, Donald, The Archidamian War (Ithaca 1974).

Kagan, Donald, The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian

Expedition (Ithaca 1981).

Keen, Antony G., "Lies about Lysander," Leeds International
Latin Seminar 9 (1996) 285-296.
Kelly, D. H., "The New Spartan Treaty," Liverpool Classical
Monthly 1 (1976) 87-92.
Kelly, D. H., "Policy-making in the Spartan
Assembly," Antichthon 15 (1981) 47-61.
Kelly, D. H., "Sparta. Some Myths ancient and
modern," Hellenika (1982) 9-19.
Kelly, T., "The Traditional Enmity between Sparta and Argos.
The Birth and Development of a Myth," American Historical
Review 75 (1970) 971-1003.
Kelly, T., "Thucydides and Spartan Strategy in the
Archidamian War," American Historical Review 87 (1982)
25-54.
Kennell, Nigel M., The Public Institutions of Roman
Sparta (1985).
Kennell, Nigel M., "Where was Sparta's
Prytaneion?" American Journal of Archaeology 91 (1987)
421-422.
Kennell, Nigel M. "NEPWN PERIODONIKHS," American
Journal of Philology 109 (1988) 239-251.
Kennell, Nigel M., "The Size of the Spartan
Patronomate," ZPE 85 (1991) 131-137.
Kennell, Nigel M. The Gymnasium of Virtue: Education and
Culture in Ancient Sparta (Chapel Hill: UNC 1995).
Kennell, Nigel M.. "IG V 1, 16 and the Gerousia of Roman
Sparta," Hesperia 61. 2 (1992) 193-202.
Kennell, Nigel M. , "The Spartan Synarchia," Phoenix 46. 4
(1992) 342-351.
Kiechle, F., Lakonien und Sparta (Mnchen 1963) [Vestigia,
5].

 Klein, S.C., Cleomenes. A study in early Spartan

Imperialism (1973).
Kiv, Mait, "The origins, development and reliability of the
ancient tradition about the formation of the Spartan
constitution," Studia Humaniora Tartuensia 1.3 (2000).
Kiv, Mait, Ancient Tradition and Early Greek History. The
Origins of States in Early-Archaic Sparta, Argos and
Corinth (Talinn Estonia: Avita 2003).
Kourinou, Eleni, Sparti (Athens 2000).
Kukofka, Dirk-Achim, "Die Paidiskoi im System der
spartanischen Alterklassen," Philologus 137. 2 (1993) 197205.
Lanzillotta, E., "La politica spartana dopo la pace di
Antalcide," MGR 7 (1980) 129-178.
Lanzillotta, E. (ed.), Problemi di storia e cultura
spartana (Roma 1984).
Larsen, J.A.O., "Perioikoi," RE 19 (1938) 816-833.
Lazenby, J.F. The Defence of Greece, 490-479
B.C. (Warminster: Aris and Phillips 1993).
Lazenby, J.F. The Spartan Army (Warminster: Aris and
Phillips 1985).
Lazenby, J. F., "Pausanias, son of
Kleombrotos," Hermes 103 (1975) 231-251.
Lazenby, J.F., "The conspiracy of Kinadon
reconsidered," Athenaeum 85 (1997) 437-447.
[Xenophon Hellenika 3.3.4-11]
Lendon, Jon E., "Voting by shouting in Sparta," Essays in
honor of Gordon Williams (2001) 169-175.
Lvy, E., "Les trois traits entre Sparte et le Roi," Bulletin de
correspondence Hellenique 107 (1983) 221-241.
Lvy, E., "La kryptie et ses contradictions," Ktema 13 (1988)
245-252.
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School at Athens 88 (1993) 219-286.

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