Solar Energy in Indonesia 2012

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
SOLAR ENERGY IN INDONESIA
Potentials, Plannings and Framework Conditions

Presented at:
Workshop Solar Photovoltaic in Indonesia
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES, REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
Berlin, 7 March 2012
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

CONDITION OF ENERGY 2011
National Energy
Mix Total in 2011
1066 million BOE
Elasticity of Energy = 1.60

Share of Non Fossil Energy < 5%
1.
Public access to energy (modern) is still limited:

a.
Electrification ratio in 2010 was 67.15% (32,85% of

households not yet electrified);
b.
Development of energy infrastructure (rural / remote

areas and outer islands generally do not get access
to energy);
2.
Growth in energy consumption an average of 7% per year,

yet balanced with enough energy supply;
3.
Dependence on fossil energy is still high (95.4%), reserves

are more limited;
4.
Utilization of renewable energy and implementation of

Energy Conservation is not optimal;
5.
Linkage to environmental issues:
6.
a.
Mitigation of climate change;
b.
Carbon trading;
c.
National commitment to reducing emissions 26% by

2020;
Funding for the development of energy sector is still very

limited.
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

ENERGY RESERVES AND PRODUCTION
NO
NON FOSSIL ENERGY
RESOURCES
(R)
INSTALLED
CAPACITY (IC)
RATIO IC/R
(%)
5 = 4/3
Hydro
75,670 MW
5,771 MW
7.62
Geothermal
28,543 MW
1,228 MW
4.30
Mini/Micro Hydro
769.69 MW
217.89 MW
28.31
Biomass
49,810 MW
1,618.40 MW
3.25
Solar Energy
4.80 kWh/m2/day
20 MW
Wind Energy
3 6 m/s
1.87 MW
Uranium
3.000 MW
(e.q. 24,112 ton) for 11 years*)
30 MW
1.00
*) only in Kalan West Kalimantan
RESERVES
(Rv)
RATIO
R/Rv
(%)
PRODUCTION
(PROD)
RATIO
Rv/PROD
(YEAR)*)
NO
FOSSIL ENERGY
RESOURCES
(R)
5 = 4/3
7 = 4/6
Oil (billion barrel)
56.6
7.99 **)
14
0.346
23
Gas (TSCF)
334.5
159.64
51
2.9
55
Coal (billion ton)
104.8
20.98
18
0.254
83
Coal Bed Methane/CBM (TSCF)
453
*) assumed no new reserves are found

**) include Cepu blocks
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

COMMITMENT ON CLIMATE CHANGE
President Commitment on
G-20 Pittsburgh and COP15
To reduce te GHG Emission in 2020
Own
efforts
26%
Forestry
14%
Energy
6%
Waste
6%
41%
Own efforts and

international
support
Through the
development of new
renewable energy and
implementing energy
conservation by all
sectors
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

ENERGY POLICY DIRECTION

NRE
3%
BAU**
NRE,
4.4%
Gas
21%
Coal,
30.7%
Oil
42%
Oil,
43.9%
Natural
Gas,
21.0%
PERPRES 5/2006
Coal
34%
NRE
17%
Gas
30%
Oil
20%
Coal
33%
VISION 25/25
NRE
25%
Gas
23%
Oil
30%
Coal
22%
4,300 million
BOE
3.1%
3,200 million
BOE
2,852 million
BOE
34.6%
17%
NRE
4.4 %
30.7 %
Coal
Natural Gas
30%
41.7%
21 %
Oil
43.9%
2010*
33%
25 %
NRE
22 %
Coal
23 %
Natural Gas
30 %
Oil
20%
2015
2020
Source: *Estimation 2010, DEN 2010-2025, **BAU EBTKE
2025
ENERGY
DIVERSIFICATION
20.6%
1,131.3
million BOE
ENERGY
CONSERVATION
(33.85%)
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

MAIN POLICIES
1. Energy Conservation to improve efficiency in energy utilization
from up-stream up to down-stream (Demand Side) i.e. industrial,
transportation, household and commercial sector
2. Energy Diversification to increase new renewable energy share
in national energy mix (Supply Side). i.e.
Renewable Energy
New Energy
a. Geothermal
a. Liquefied Coal,
b. Bioenergy
b. Coal Bed Methane,
c. Hydro
c. Gasified Coal,
d. Solar
d. Nuclear,
e. Wind
e. Hydrogen.
f. Ocean
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

AGENDA ON NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY

AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
MAIN AGENDA
1. Harmonizing regulations
2. Updating Master Plans on Energy Diversification and Energy Conservation
3. Improvement of efficiency on energy utilization
4. Development of geothermal
5. Development of bioenergy
6. Development of other new renewable energy
7. Development and implementation of clean energy technology
8. Increasing local content and supporting industry
9. Increasing people participation on Energy Self-Sufficient Village
10. Increasing people participation on low carbon city
SUPPORTING AGENDA
1. Enhancing research and development
2. Enhancing training and education
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
STRATEGY IN THE ENERGY SUPPLY SIDE :
applying the mandatory provision of New and Renewable Energy

increasing the use of New and Renewable Energy
use of cleaner fuels (fuel switching) in providing energy
STRATEGY IN THE SIDE OF ENERGY UTILIZATION (DEMAND SIDE) :
applying the energy utilization efficiency commitment

use of cleaner fuels (fuel switching) in energy utilization
applying the principles of energy saving
use of clean and efficient energy technologies
develop the attitude of life-saving energy
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY TO ENHANCE

THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
Regulation
Description
1. Law No. 30/2007 on

Energy
Provision and utilization of new & renewable energy

should be increased by the government and local
government in accordance to their authorities.
Provision and utilization of new renewable energy can get
incentives from government/local government for certain
period until it reaches economical development stage.
2. Law No. 30/2009 on

Electricity
Putting priority to utilize locally available energy

resources for electricity generation
Process of procurement is implemented through direct
selection (without tender)
3. Law No. 27/2003 on

Geothermal
To regulate the management and development of

geothermal energy sources for direct and indirect
utilization
9
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

Regulation
Description
4. Minister of Energy
Feed in Tariff (FIT) for the purchasing price of electricity
Regulation No.
generated from Geothermal
02/2011 on Electricity
Purchasing Price from
Geothermal
5. Minister of Energy
Regulation No. 4/2012
on Small and Medium
Scale Power
Generation using
Renewable Energy
FIT for the price

Renewable Energy
of
electricity
generated
from
FIT for the price of electricity generated from Biomass

and Biogas
FIT for the price of electricity generated from Domestic
Waste using zero waste technology
FIT for the price of electricity generated from Domestic
Waste using sanitary landfill technology
6. Minister of Finance
Regulation No.
24/PMK.011/ 2010 on
Renewable Energy
Incentives
Tax facility for renewable energy in the form of Income

Tax, VAT, Import Duty and Tax Holiday, Tax
Exemption etc.
10
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

PROJECTION OF ENERGY SUPPLY

Types of Energy
2010
2015
2020
2025
3.1%
3.7%
3.6%
6.7%
0.5%
1.0%
2.4%
Geothermal
0.5%
1.3%
1.8%
2.2%
Hydro
1.9%
2.8%
5.2%
5.3%
Ocean Energy
0.2%
0.3%
Solar Energy
0.2%
1.0%
2.0%
Wind Energy
0.1%
0.3%
0.4%
CBM
0.5%
2.4%
5.8%
Biomass Biofuel
Biomass from Waste [Electric]
Sub total New and Renewable Energy
25%
Oil
49.7%
38.6%
29.3%
23.7%
Gas
20.1%
19.5%
19.0%
19.7%
Coal
24.7%
32.8%
36.2%
31.6%
Sub total Fossil
75%
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR ENERGY

IN INDONESIA
The Indonesian history of solar energy utilization with the
photovoltaic technology has been introduced and developed
since the end of 1970s, especially to meet the electricity
demand in rural or remote area
Urban PV program has been launched by Minister of Energy and
Mineral Resources on 28th August 2003 and attended by
Minister of Environment and Minister of Research and
Technology
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

PROGRAM
1.
Rural PV: increasing rural community accessibility to electricity;

targeting electricity demand in remote area, small island, by
Solar Home System and Centralized PV System (off grid)
2.
Urban PV: targeting middle and high class household, real

estate, office and commercial buildings, hotel and resort,
industry and others for own used (off grid and on grid)
3.
On grid PV: offering opportunity to Independent Power Producer

to developt Solar Power Plant and selling to the Electricity State
Own Company
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

RURAL PV OBJECTIVES AND SCHEMES

Objectives:
1.
2.
To increase community accessibility to electricity, and is

directed to accelerate the rural electrification ratio in order to
achieve the ratio of 95% in 2025
As a prime mover in rural community economic development in
a sustainable path
Schemes:
1. Communal PV system (Solar Home System) for a scattered
household location
2.
Centralized PV system, targeted to a more dense location

DGNREE MEMR - 2011

URBAN PV OBJECTIVES AND OPTIONS

Objectives:
1.
2.
To help the user/consumer to provide electricity on their own

and to decrease the dependency of electricity supply from PLN
(The Electricity State Owned Company), especially during the
peak load
To introduce the utilization of renewable alternative energy,
which is clean and environmental-friendly
Options:
1.
2.
Off-grid: disconnected from PLN grid

On-grid: connected to the PLN grid
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCER

OBJECTIVES AND OPTIONS
Objectives:
1.
2.
To provide oportunity to the private company for producing

electricity and selling to PLN (The Electricity State Owned
Company)
To accelarate the development of renewable energy, reducing
the utilization of fossil energy
Options:
1. On-grid: connected to local grid (isolated small island)
2. On-grid: connected to the national grid (inter islands)
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

SOLAR PV DEVELOPMENT
YEAR
Schemes
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Solar Home
System (SHS)
2,390 units
(119.5 kWp)
32,555 units
(1,555 kWp)
40,598 units
(2,029 kWp)
37,270 units
(1,864 kWp)
77,433 units
(3,871 kWp)
Centralized PV
System
6 units
(21.8 kWp)
5 units
(102 kWp)
12 units
(240 kWp)
*) Implemented by MEMR
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

PROJECTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION

According to National Energy Policy
Presidential Decree No. 5/2006
Million BOE
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2040
2050
1,178.19
1,593.15
2,148,90
2,815,80
3,556.80
5,483,40
7,261.80
37.05
74.10
111.15
222.30
296.40
518.70
703.95
7.41
22.23
66.69
148.20
296.40
407.55
Geothermal
22.23
66.69
111.15
222.30
296.40
481.65
629.85
Hydro
7.41
14.82
37.05
81.51
111.15
148.20
177.84
Ocean Energy
3.71
7.41
10.37
22.23
37.05
Solar Energy
3.71
14.82
29.64
44.46
103.74
133.38
Other Renewable Energy
1.48
7.41
11.12
14.82
29.64
37.05
Oil
585.39
615.03
629.85
666.90
689.13
926.25
1.200.42
Gas
237.12
311.22
407.55
555.75
666.90
889.20
1.037.40
Coal
288.99
496.47
792.87
866.97
1.104.09
1.645.02
2.156.31
14.82
88.92
177.84
444.60
741.00
Subtotal Biomass
37.05
81.51
133.38
288.99
444.60
815.10
1.111.50
Subtotal RE Non Biomass
29.64
88.92
177.84
355.68
474.24
785.46
1.015.17
Subtotal RE
66.69
170.43
311.22
644.67
918.84
1.600.56
2.126.67
Total RE & NE
66.69
170.43
326.04
733.59
1.096.68
2.045.16
2.867.67
Total Energy
Biomass (Biofuel)
Biomass (Electricity)
New Energy (nuclear, CBM, etc)
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

ROAD MAP OF SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT

2015 2050
No
Development
Development according to
National Energy Policy
(cummulative install capacity in MW)
2
3
2012
Install Capacity (MW)
2015
2020
2025
2030
2040
2050
5.000
21.000 41.000 62.000 145.000 186.000
20
Development Plan (MW)
5.000
ROAD MAP OF SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT

2011 2015
Total Energy
Development Plan
(cummulative install capacity in MW)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
20
30
200
2.000
5.000
DGNREE MEMR - 2011
19

CONCLUSIONS
The potential of solar energy in Indonesia is abundant although until
now the potential has not been widely utilized.
Indonesian government has designated the development of solar
energy to fulfill energy needs for areas in Eastern part of Indonesia.
The potential of Indonesias solar energy areas in Eastern Part of
Indonesia have not yet been mapped, therefore, Investors wishing to
participate in developing solar energy in Indonesia can help provide
the study of areas suitable for development of solar energy.
The study can help Indonesian government in formulating the policy

and implementing the programs as well as attracting investors in the
future green energy projects.
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto, Kav. 49 Jakarta 12950

Phone/Fax : 021-5250575
www.energiterbarukan.net
www.esdm.go.id
DGNREE MEMR - 2011

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