CC607

WATER & WASTEWATER ENGINEERING

Mrs. NOR MAZANA BINTI ISMAIL
LECTURER
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
SULTAN AZLAN SHAH POLYTECHNIC

17 July 2013

Lecturer : Mrs.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Department Of Civil Engineering
sultan Azlan Shah Polytechnic

CHAPTER 1 :
WATER RESOURCES AND QUALITY

Water is not the most essential commodity for the

sustainance of life.
Water makes everything grow but, there is a saying
water water every where but not a drop to drink. It
emphasises the importance of potable water. Water for
human consumption ought to be pure & wholesome.
Water plays an important role in making human life
not only survive but comfortable & luxurious.

17 July 2013

Lecturer : Mrs.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Department Of Civil Engineering
sultan Azlan Shah Polytechnic

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

The complete layout of getting water

from the source, treating it for removing
impurities and then, distributing it to the
public for various uses, is called
Water supply System

17 July 2013

Lecturer : Mrs.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Department Of Civil Engineering
sultan Azlan Shah Polytechnic

REQUIREMENTS OF WATER SUPPLY

SYSTEM
It should satisfy the following requirements :
*Water should be available in adequate
quantity.
*Water to be supplied should be free from
impurities & bacteria.
*It should be cheap.
*Water should be readily available to the
consumers.
*It must be readily disposed off after it has
served its purpose
17 July 2013

Lecturer : Mrs.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Department Of Civil Engineering
sultan Azlan Shah Polytechnic

IMPORTANCE OF WATER SUPPLY

ENGINEERING
To ensure adequate supply of portable
water a well organized water supply system
is essential.
The engineer has to work out the demand
for domestic, commercial and public use and
water for the source of supply which can
provide adequate supply to meet the
demand of the city.

17 July 2013

Lecturer : Mrs.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Department Of Civil Engineering
sultan Azlan Shah Polytechnic

IMPORTANCE OF WATER SUPPLY

ENGINEERING
Water supply is used for the following purpose :
**Drinking & cooking
**Bathing & washing
**Street washing
**Watering of lawns & gardens
**Fire extinguishing
**Swimming pools & display of fountains
**Air-conditioning & heating system
**Industries & irrigation
**Disposal of household sewage
**Recreational purpose
17 July 2013

Lecturer : Mrs.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Department Of Civil Engineering
sultan Azlan Shah Polytechnic

SOURCES OF WATER
UNDER GROUND
SOURCES

SURFACE SOURCES
Rivers /
streams

17 July 2013

Lakes

Ponds

Impounded
reservoirs

Springs

Lecturer : Mrs.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Department Of Civil Engineering
sultan Azlan Shah Polytechnic

Wells

Artesian
wells

QUALITY OF WATER FOR PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY

Absolutely-pure water is never found in nature.
Water served to the consumers must have the following
qualities :*It should be cool & colourless.
*It should be odourless & tasteless
*It should be free from disease carriying bacteria.
*It should contain dissolved oxygen & free carbonic acid
*It should be fresh.
*It should be free from excessive amounts do organic
matter & mineral.
*It should not corrode the pipe.
*It should be free from poisonous materials.
17 July 2013

Lecturer : Mrs.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Department Of Civil Engineering
sultan Azlan Shah Polytechnic

QUALITY OF WATER
POTABLE WATER :*It save to drink, suitable for domestic use & pleasant to taste
POLLUTED WATER :*It contains undesirable substances, & is not fit for drinking & domestic
use.
CONTAMINATED WATER :*It contains disease bacteria. It is always polluted & unfit for use.
INFECTED WATER :*Infected Water is water contaminated with pathogenic organisms.
IMPURITIES IN WATER :*The common impurities present in water can be classified as follows:
**Suspended Impurities
**Colloidal Impurities
17 July 2013

Lecturer : Mrs.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Department Of Civil Engineering
sultan Azlan Shah Polytechnic

SURFACE & GROUND WATER QUALITY

CHARACTERISTICS

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS :*Temperature

*Colour
*Tubidity
*Taste
*Odour

17 July 2013

Lecturer : Mrs.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Department Of Civil Engineering
sultan Azlan Shah Polytechnic

SURFACE & GROUND WATER QUALITY

CHARACTERISTICS
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS :*Total solids
*Hardness
*pH Value
*Chlorides
*Chlorine
*Iron & Manganese
*Dissolved Gases (Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide)
*Fluorides
*Organic Matter

17 July 2013

Lecturer : Mrs.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Department Of Civil Engineering
sultan Azlan Shah Polytechnic

SURFACE & GROUND WATER QUALITY

CHARACTERISTICS

BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS :*Bacteria

*Algae
*Fungi
*Protozoa
*Virus

17 July 2013

Lecturer : Mrs.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Department Of Civil Engineering
sultan Azlan Shah Polytechnic

HOW THE HUMAN CAN GIVE IMPACT ON REDUCTION OF

FRESH WATER AND DEGRADATION OF WATER QUALITY

17 July 2013

Lecturer : Mrs.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Department Of Civil Engineering
sultan Azlan Shah Polytechnic

KEPENTINGAN REKOD BANCIAN PENDUDUK

DALAM KERJA RAMALAN PERMINTAAN
BEKALAN AIR MASA HADAPAN
Rekod bancian penduduk amat penting kerana :
Dapat mengelakkan berlakunya pembaziran
kos pembinaan struktur2 paip, kolam simpanan
dll.
Cth; Utk 10 tahun akan dtg penduduk
diramalkan bertambah kpd 100,000 org ttp
struktur paip dibina dgn saiz yg kecil & tidak
mampu untuk menampung pertambahan
penduduk ini. Paip terpaksa dipecahkan/dibuat
semula.

17 July 2013

Pensyarah : Pn.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam Politeknik
sultan Azlan Shah

SUMBER-SUMBER MAKLUMAT MENGENAI

PENDUDUK DARI AGENSI
PEJABAT PERANGKAAN

PEJABAT DAERAH
PEJABAT PERBADANAN
KEMAJUAN EKONOMI NEGERI
17 July 2013

Pensyarah : Pn.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam Politeknik
sultan Azlan Shah

SUMBER-SUMBER MAKLUMAT MENGENAI

PENDUDUK DARI AGENSI
PEJABAT PERANCANGAN
BANDAR & DESA
UNIT PERANCANGAN
EKONOMI PERSEKUTUAN &
NEGERI
LAPORAN-LAPORAN TEKNIKAL
TERDAHULU
17 July 2013

Pensyarah : Pn.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam Politeknik
sultan Azlan Shah

Legislative System for Water

Quality Management in
Malaysia

17 July 2013

Pensyarah : Pn.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam Politeknik
sultan Azlan Shah

Law enforcement Monitoring Systems:

Malaysia

DOE conducted visits to all premises covered

under the Environmental Quality Act.
This includes sewage treatment plants,
factories and industries treatment facilities.
DID monitors and maintains river conditions
and hydraulic regimes with respect to river
bank protection, river reserves, sedimentation,
sand mining activity, solid waste and flood
warning system.
The Department of Forestry enforces the
National Forestry Act with respect to
Designated Forested Water Catchments Areas.

17 July 2013

Pensyarah : Pn.Nor Mazana Binti Ismail

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam Politeknik
sultan Azlan Shah