2. The photograph shows a field of sunflowers.

Sunflowers are large insect-pollinated plants.

The flowers turn to face the sun as it moves across the sky during the day.
(a) Describe what is meant by the term insect pollination.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

(2)

(b) (i) Sunflowers respond to the stimulus of the sun.

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(ii) Suggest an advantage of the flowers turning to follow the sun as it moves across
the sky during the day.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................

(2)

(c) Plant stems and roots also respond to stimuli.

Describe the responses of plant stems and roots to gravity and suggest why these
responses are important.
Stems ............................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
Roots .............................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

(4)

(Total 9 marks)

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7. The photograph shows a normal mouse and an albino mouse.

Albinism is an inherited condition in which animals have white fur.

Albinism is controlled by a single gene that has two alleles.
The allele for albinism, a, is recessive. The dominant allele, A, produces brown fur.
Two mice with brown fur were mated.
They produced some offspring with brown fur and some offspring with white fur.
(a) Draw a genetic diagram to show the genotypes of the parents, their gametes, and the
genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring.
(4)

(b) Albino mice are often kept as pets because people like their white fur.
(i) Some genotypes of parent mice are more useful than others in producing albino
offspring.
The table describes different parent genotypes and the number of albino mice that
would be expected if the parents produced four offspring.
Complete the table.

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(ii) Suggest why mice with white fur are rarely found in the wild.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................

(2)

(Total 9 marks)

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8. The photograph shows the pairs of chromosomes from a normal body cell.

(a) (i) How many chromosomes are shown in the photograph?

...............................................................................................................................

(1)

(ii) Are these chromosomes taken from a cell of a male or a female?

Give a reason for your answer.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................

(1)

(b) The photograph below is from a body cell of a person with a condition known as
Turners syndrome.

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(i) The chromosomes in someone with Turners syndrome are different to those in a
normal person.
Use the photographs to describe how the chromosomes are different.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................

(2)

(ii) An individual with Turners syndrome is female rather than male.

Give a reason why.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................

(1)

(Total 5 marks)

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5. Mitosis and meiosis are two ways by which cells may divide.
(a) Complete the statements in the table about mitosis and meiosis by writing a number
in each empty box.

(b) Mitosis occurs during growth.

Name two other processes that involve mitosis.
1 ....................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................

(2)

(c) Choose two words from the list that describe cells produced by meiosis.
diploid gametes haploid homozygous identical
1 ...................................................................................................................................
2 ...................................................................................................................................

(2)

(Total 8 marks)

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10. The photograph shows the reproductive structures of a flower called a lily.

(a) (i) Which number labels an anther?

...............................................................................................................................
(ii) What is the function of the anther?

(1)

...............................................................................................................................
(iii) Using the information in the photograph, suggest why this flower does not
pollinate itself.

(1)

...............................................................................................................................
5(b) Lilies can be cloned and then mass produced using micropropagation.
(i) What does the term cloned mean?

(1)

...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(ii) Complete the following passage about micropropagation. Write the most suitable
word on the dotted lines.

(2)

Micropropagation is sometimes known as tissue ................................................ .

Small pieces of plants called ................................................. are grown on nutrient
jelly. All procedures must be carried out under .................................................
conditions to make sure that there are no fungi or ................................................
present. The small pieces of plants grow because the cells
................................................. and then develop into new plants.
(Total 10 marks)

(5)
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