Carbon Footprint

PE INTERNATIONAL helps you with software and consulting to determine, analyse, reduce and
offset both product carbon footprints and corporate carbon footprints.
Climate change is one of the major challenges facing the global population
and the natural environment. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions released into the atmosphere in ever rapidly
growing volumes are recognised to be responsible for this change.

Carbon Footprint analysis is the key

What is a Carbon Footprint?

Carbon Footprint & LCA

Carbon Footprint analysis is the key

A Carbon Footprint measures the total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly and indirectly
by a person, organisation, event or product.
Carbon Footprint quantification analysis and reduction are key to preventing this change by, for example,
enhancing energy efficiency, mitigating carbon emissions by means of green energy and then compensating
for remaining GHG emissions by investing in carbon offsets, with a final goal of being carbon neutral.

What is a Carbon Footprint?

Carbon Footprint (CF) also named Carbon profile - is the overall amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (e.g. methane, laughing gas, etc.) associated with a product, along its
supply-chain and sometimes including from use and end-of-life recovery and disposal.

Causes of these emissions are, for example, electricity production in power plants, heating with fossil fuels,
transport operations and other industrial and agricultural processes.

The carbon footprint is quantified using indicators such as the Global Warming Potential (GWP). As defined
by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a GWP is an indicator that reflects the relative
effect of a greenhouse gas in terms of climate change considering a fixed time period, such as 100 years
(GWP100). The GWPs for different emissions can then be added together to give one single indicator that
expresses the overall contribution to climate change of these emissions.

Carbon Footprint & LCA

The Carbon Footprint is a sub-set of the data covered by a more complete Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).

LCA is an internationally standardized method (ISO 14040, ISO 14044) for the evaluation of the
environmental burdens and resources consumed along the life cycle of products; from the extraction of raw

materials, the manufacture of goods, their use by final consumers or for the provision of a service, recycling,
energy recovery and ultimate disposal.

One of the key impact categories considered in an LCA is climate change, typically using the IPCC
characterization factors for CO2 equivalents. Hence, a carbon footprint is a life cycle assessment with the
analysis limited to emissions that have an effect on climate change.

Suitable background data sources for the footprint are therefore those available in existing LCA databases.
These databases contain the life cycle profiles of the goods and services that you purchase, as well as of
many of the underlying materials, energy sources, transport and other services.

Corporate Carbon Footprint

Corporations discharge greenhouse gases directly or indirectly and thereby contribute to climate
change. PE INTERNATIONAL, the premier provider of solution to quantify and manage corporate
carbon emissions, provides assistance in managing your Corporate Carbon Footprint (CCF).

Our global presence and in-depth experience in carbon footprint analysis is a robust basis to provide you
with mitigation measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy efficiency.

Service & Solution

Your Benefits

Case Study

Software Tools

Service & Solution

We have 20 years of experience in LCA (Life Cycle Assessment),environmental
management and sustainability. Greenhouse gas analysis, evaluation and management have
always been significant components of our work. Our Corporate Carbon Footprint (CCF) analysis
is holistic andcomprehensive.

PE INTERNATIONALs services are performed in line with existing and forthcomingstandards such as
the GHG Protocol, the ISO 14000 series and others.

Emission factors for indirect operations are sourced from, e.g. the EU Life Cycle Database, the U.S. LCI
Database, U.S. EPAs EFPAC databases and our own databases, which are fully consistent with one
another.

We guarantee high quality carbon accounting and reporting of your emissions.

Our services are tailored to your companys needs so you understand the carbon footprint of your
organization, and know how new climate change related risks and opportunities may affect your operations
and your markets.

We support your reporting for registries and programmes such as the Carbon Disclosure Project, the Climate
Registry, EPA Climate Leaders, CRC, NGER and many more.

Product Carbon Footprint

Gas emissions that contribute to the global warming effect, are measured as the Product Carbon
Footprint (PCF)
During a products life cycle, energy is required to extract, transport and refine raw materials, to
manufacture and distribute the final product, and treat the waste at the end of its useful life.

As fossil energy carriers currently play the main role in supplying energy, all of the above listed steps are
associated with the generation and release of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide, methane,
nitrous oxide, etc. These gas emissions in turn contribute to the global warming effect, which is measured as
the Product Carbon Footprint (PCF).

Life Cycle Assessment - the premier methodology in determining a Product Carbon Footprint
A Life Cycle Assessment according to ISO 14044 (as well as in the BSI PAS2050) is the premier
methodology in determining a Product Carbon Footprint.

Facilitating such a cradle-to-grave carbon footprint analysis of your product will disclose your real Product
Carbon Footprint (PCF), reveal reduction potentials and highlight negative trade-offs, e.g. the shifting of
environmental burdens from one stage of the life cycle to another. It is impossible to rely only on company
specific data to properly conduct a Life Cycle Assessment and still comply with the high requirements of the
international standards.

Service & Solution

Your Benefits

Whitepaper

Software Tool & Databases

Service & Solution

Our GaBi software allows all the GHG emissions of your product to becaptured in
a systematic and transparent way.
Primary data specific to your product can then be incorporated into your analyses and combined with
secondary data on GHG emissions available from the GaBi databases.

Once we have helped you determine and analyse your carbon footprint, the next step is to reduce it and
make your products carbon neutral. Reduction methodologies may include energy efficiency, material
substitution, fuel switching, eco-design etc.

In order to achieve carbon neutrality, unavoidable carbon emissions can be offset by investing in emission
reduction projects.

Preparing a Carbon Footprint Footprint

1. Identify Boundaries
2. Identify Sources
3. Collect Data
4. Prepare Footprintto International Standards
5. Assess Strategic Strategic Implications Implications
goals, costsavings&reduction opportunities, external
&internal communication
6. Public DisclosureWhat is carbon trading? :
What is carbon trading? Carbon trading is an administrative approach used to control pollution by providing incentives
for achieving reductions in emissions of pollutants. Also known as emission trading. Overall goal of an emissions
trading plan is to minimize the cost of meeting a set emissions target.

Kyoto Protocol :
The protocol was initially adopted on 11 December 1997 in Kyoto, Japan and entered into force on 16 February. A
protocol to the United nations framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC) aimed at fighting global warming.
UNFCCC is an international environmental treaty with the goal of achieving stabilization of greenhouse gas
concentrations in the atmosphere. As on November 2009,187 countries have signed and ratified the protocol. Kyoto
Protocol

Continued :
Continued Under the protocol 37 countries ( called Annex I countries) commit themselves to reduction of four
greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride) and two groups of gases
(hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons). US is the only nation which has not ratified it as they believe that 5%
reduction will wreck the American economy. The target agreed upon was an average reduction of 5.2% from 1990
levels by the year 2012. Kyoto Protocol provides Cap and Trade system.

Slide 5:
Participation of countries in kyoto protocol: Green indicates those countries who have signed and ratified. Grey
indicates those who have not yet decided. Red indicates those who have no intention to ratify it.

CAP AND TRADE: :

CAP AND TRADE: Cap-a set limit on the amount of a pollutant that can be emitted. Trade-The transfer of allowances
is referred to as trade. Under this the companies are issued emission permits and are required to hold an equivalent
number of allowances (credits) which represent the right to emit a specific amount. Companies that need to increase
emission allowance must buy credits from those who pollute less.

Slide 7:
In effect, buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while seller is being rewarded for having reduced emissions by more
that was needed. Carbon credits are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide. 1 credit = 1tonne of CO2

Slide 8:
In developing countries like India, the emission levels are much below the target fixed by the Kyoto Protocol. So, they
are excluded from reduction of GHG emission. On the contrary, they are entitled to sell surplus credits to developed
countries. The European countries and Japan are the major buyers of carbon credits. This is what makes trading in
carbon credits such a great business opportunity. Foreign companies which cannot fulfill the protocol norms can buy
surplus credit from companies in other countries.

Copenhagen summit 2009: :

Copenhagen summit 2009: Held at the Bella Center in Copenhagen at Denmark between 7th Dec-16th Dec 2009.
Around delegates from 192 countries were expected to attend the summit. Main discussion at the Copenhagen
Summit included: Targets to curb greenhouse gas emissions, in particular by developed countries. Financial support
for mitigation of and adaptation to climate change by developing countries. A carbon trading scheme aimed at ending
the destruction of worlds forests by 2030.

COPENHAGEN ENDS TO A FALIURE: :

COPENHAGEN ENDS TO A FALIURE: As Emerging countries, namely China and India, demanded a strong
engagement from rich nations reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, but they refused to be subjected to
restraining goals.

Overall impacts of Carbon Trading: :

Overall impacts of Carbon Trading: By reducing carbon emissions, greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will be
reduced slowing heat entrapment. Companies that emit excess carbon dioxide will be penalized and forced into
taking more care. Wide ranging and comprehensive carbon trading will result in overall reduction in greenhouse
gases and hence a reduction in global warming.