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DKL Engineering, Inc.

Materials of Construction - Storage Tanks


November 11, 2002

Introduction
Shell
Linings
Phenolic Coatings
Glass-lined
Recommended Materials

Associated Links
Storage Tanks
Anodic Protection

Introduction
The material selected for sulphuric acid storage tanks will depend on a number of
factors such as:
Tank size
Desired acid quality
Costs
Acid concentration
Storage temperature
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Shell
The materials of construction will depend on the acid concentration, temperature
and composition. The table under the heading Recommended Materials lists the
options for materials of construction. By far the most common material of
construction is carbon steel.
Where iron pickup needs to be minimized stainless steel can be used for the shell
although at considerably higher costs. An alternative to stainless steel is anodically
protecting the tank.
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Linings
Linings can serve to minimize or eliminate corrosion of the tank and reduce
contamination of the acid.
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Phenolic Coatings
Baked phenolic coatings are use to minimize iron pickup and
corrosion in tanks storing 93% H2SO4. The life of this type of coating
is severely limited in 98% to 99% service. Phenolic coatings should
never be exposed to alkaline neutralizations because alkali attacks
phenolic coatings even in dilute concentrations.
The integrity of the lining is dependent on the quality of the surface
preparation and the actual application of the lining. All internal
surfaces must be inspected, degreased and sandblasted. A
thermally cured phenolic coating #P403 of 0.178 mm to 0.254 mm
(0.007 to 0.010 in.) thick is applied using a multi-coat procedure
immediately following sandblasting.
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Glass-lined
Glass-lined storage tanks are used where the acid is extremely pure
and no contamination of the acid is permitted. The storage
requirements for high quality acid are generally small so storage
tanks are generally small.

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Storage Tanks

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Sulphuric Acid Plant


Specifications

The following materials are recommended for sulphuric acid service.

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Recommended Materials

Acid
Concentration

Temperature

70 to 80%
H2SO4

88 to 100%
H2SO4

0 to 65%
Oleum

Material

< 40C

Carbon Steel
ASTM A131 Gr. B
ASTM A516 Gr. 70
ASTM A573
ASTM A662
Carbon Steel with
phenolic lining

< 40C

Carbon Steel
ASTM A131 Gr. B
ASTM A516 Gr. 70
ASTM A573
ASTM A662
Carbon Steel with
phenolic lining

< 40C

Carbon Steel
ASTM A131 Gr. B
ASTM A516 Gr. 70
ASTM A573
ASTM A662

When specified, plate material shall be:


Impact tested required where ambient temperatures are low such as in
northern climates.
Fully killed as per API 650.
Fine grain practice as per API 650.
Some investigators claim that copper bearing steels such as ASTM A285 Gr. C,
S57 provide lower corrosion rates and resistance to hydrogen grooving but others
feel that there is no advantage and the added cost of the steel is not warranted.
The following steels are not recommended for use in sulphuric acid storage tanks:
Carbon steel to ASTM A36, A283, A285, A515
High strength steels and low alloy steels
When carbon steel to ASTM A36 or A285 is specified, it shall be made using other
than rimmed or capped steel practices.

Copyright 2005-2011 DKL Engineering, Inc., All Rights Reserved


DKL Engineering, Inc. shall not be held liable for any type of damages resulting from the use of this information. The user assumes all risk and liability in connection with the use of information contained in this and associated web sites. The
data is intended for personal, non-commercial use.

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