Electromagnetic waves:

are formed when an electric field couples with a magnetic field The
magnetic and electric fields of an electromagnetic wave are
perpendicular to each other and to the direction of the wave

1. The electric field is always perpendicular to the direction the

2. electromagnetic wave is traveling and is always perpendicular to the
magnetic field
3. ! The electric and magnetic fields are in phase

Electromagnetic waves have wavelengths ranging from

o 1000 m to less than 10-12 m and frequencies ranging from
106 to 1020 Hz

The application of electromagnetic waves

In communication
Electromagnetic radiation is used for communications and transmission of
information. The waves that are used in this way are radio waves, microwaves,
infrared radiation and light.
Wireless communication is the transfer of information between two or more
points that are not connected by an electrical conductor.
Radio Waves (communications)
TV and FM radio (short wavelength)

Satellite signals (Microwaves):Frequency of microwaves pass easily through

atmosphere and clouds

X-rays

X-rays detect bone breaks

X-rays pass through flesh but not dense material like bones

Dangers: X-rays damage cells and cause cancers. Radiographer precautions

include wearing lead aprons and standing behind a lead screen to minimise
exposure

In radar
The basic idea behind radar is very simple: a signal is
transmitted, it bounces off an object and it is later received by
some type of receiver. This is like the type of thing that
happens when sound echo's off a wall. (Check out the image
on the left) However radars don't use sound as a signal.
Instead they use certain kinds of electromagnetic waves
called radio waves and microwaves. This is where the name
RADAR comes from (RAdio Detection And Ranging). Sound
is used as a signal to detect objects in devices called SONAR
(SOundNAvigation Ranging). Another type of signal used that
is relatively new is laser light that is used in devices called
LIDAR

In medical
Electromagnetic waves come in a very wide range of wavelengths:
there are radio, microwave, infrared (heat), visible light, ultraviolet, Xray, and gamma-ray waves. All are used in medicine in one way or
another.
For instance,
radio-frequency waves are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Infrared is used in many kinds of heating applications; it's also used in

surgical lasers.

Visible light is used for making examinations; it is also used, in lasers,

for some kinds of surface treatments.

Ultraviolet light is germicidal, for one thing; it is also used to treat

neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (transitory newborn's jaundice).

X rays are used mainly for imaging internal tissues, bones most notably.
Bones can be imaged by direct photography; bones and other tissues can
be imaged in a CT (or, CAT) scan. X rays are also the kind of radiation
used in cancer treatment.

in special app
Electromagnetic Weapons - As Powerful As The Atomic Bomb
A fifty year electromagnetic arms race between Russia and the U.S.

danger of the development of a new weapon of mass destruction are based on the results of
research into the so-called "non-thermal" effects of electromagnetic radiation on biological
targets.
These effects may take the form of damage to or disruption of the functioning of the internal
organs and systems of the human organism or of changes in its functioning."

In industry

Electromagnetic technology making waves in

oil industry
Some of the world's biggest oil companies including Exxon Mobil Corp. are using
electromagnetic, or EM, surveys in the field, and many others are experimenting with it.

Microwave
Application of microwaves

Prepared By: Mohamed Attia Abdelaziz

Mostafa Arida

Group
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4th Communication