Number

Word

1 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

2 Random Access Memory (RAM)/ Main Memory(MM)
3 Memory Cells
4 Address (of the memory cells)

5 Secondary Storage
6 Input Devices
7 Output Devices
8 System Programs

9 Operating System
10 Application Programs
11 Analog Signals

12 Digital Signals
13 Machine Language
14 Binary Digit/Bit
15 Binary Code/Binary Number
16 Byte
17 Kilobyte(KB)
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
18 (ASCII)
19 Assembler

Definition
The CPU is the brain of the computer and the most expensive piece of
hardware. The more powerful the CPU, the faster the computer. Arithmetic and
logcal operations are carried out inside the CPU.
The RAM is connected to the CPU directly. All programs must be loaded into
RAM before they can be executed.
Ordered sequence of cells that make up RAM
Each cells unique location in the RAM. They help you access the information
stored in the cell.
Device that stores information permanently. To transfer info from RAM to
secondary storage components must be directly connected. Examples- hard
disks, flash drives, and CD-ROMs.
The devices that feed data and programs into computers. Exampleskeyboards, mouse, and secondary storage.
The devices that the computer uses to display results. Examples- Monitor,
printer, and secondary storage.
Programs that control the computer
Monitors the overall activity of the computer and provides services(memory
management/input ouput activites/storage management). Has a special
program that organizes secondary storage so you can easily access info. First
system program that loads when PC is turned on. Program that runs application
programs.
Programs that perform a specific task. Example- Word/Excel/Games
Continous wave forms used to represent such things as sound. Audio tapes
store data in analog signals.
Represent info with a sequence of 0s & 1s. 0s are low volatage and 1s are high
voltage. More reliable than Analog Signals. Can be copied between devices
with exact percision. Computers use Digital Signals.
The language of a computer (sequence of 0s and 1s).
The binary digit 0 or 1.
Sequence of 0s and 1s(bits).
Sequence of 8 bits.
1024 bytes(2^10 bytes).
Most commonly used encoding scheme on personal computers (Seven bit).
Consists of 128 characters (0 - 127)
A program that translates a program written in assembly language into and
equivalent program in machine language.

23 Preprocessor
24 Object Program
25 Library

Programming languages closer to natural languages (made programming

easier). Examples- C/C++/C#/Java
A program that translates instructions written in a high-level language into the
equivalent machine language.
A program written in a high-level language.
A program that processes preprocessor directives (statements that begin with
#). Example- #include <iostream>
The machine language version of a hig-level language.
Where prewritten code (program) is stored in

26 Linker
27 Loader

A program that combines the object program with other programs in the library
and is used in the program to create executable code.
A program that loads a executable program into the MM.

28 Build or Rebuild

Command that does the linking on Visual C++ 2008/2010 Express (IDEs)

20 High-Level Languages
21 Compiler
22 Source Program

29 Algorithm
Structured Design/Top-Down/Bottom-Up/Stepwise
30 Refinement/Modular Programming
31 Structured Programming

32 Object-oriented design (OOD)

33 Object-oriented programming(OOP)

A step-by-step problem solving process in which a solution is arrived at in a

finite(limited) amount of time.
Dividing a problem into smaller subproblems.
Process of implementing a structured design
Problem solving process in which first you identify the components (objects),
which form the basis of the solution, and to determine how these objects
interact with one another.
A programming language that implements OOD.