EE4092

Laboratory Practice
VII

Adjustable Speed Induction Motor Drive

Instructed By: Dr. D.P Chandima

Name
Index No.
Group
Date of Performance
Date of Submission

:
:
:
:
:

S.P.M Sudasinghe
100523G
G-17
2014/06/16
2014/07/07

OBSERVATIONS
Name

: S.P.M Sudasinghe

Index No.

: 100523G

Group

: G-17

Date

: 2014/06/16

Instructed by : Dr. D.P Chandima

b) Measurement of speed control characteristics

Speed-input
VDC (V) VS (V) IS (A)
WS (W) Fs (Hz) Nr
VS/fS
potentiometer setting
(rpm)
(V/Hz)
0
12
0
0
20
2.0
0
0
1
16
0
0.2
40
0.02
75
0
2
24
0
0.5
40
2.5
78
0
3
36
0
0.5
60
4.7
139
0
4
44
40
0.5
60
6.2
184
6.45
5
49
40
0.5
60
8.3
234
4.82
6
56
44
0.5
60
10.1
301
4.35
7
72
52
0.5
60
13.7
387
3.79
8
132
104
1
80
25.2
611
4.12

c) Measurement of speed control characteristics with voltage control

Voltage feedback
potentiometer setting
1
2
3
4
5
6

VS (V)
108
128
144
160
176
184

VDC (V)
132
136
180
200
220
228

Nr
(rpm)
731.2
735.2
737.4
738.6
739.5
739.9

IS (A)
1
1
1.1
1.2
1.5
1.7

WS (W)
80
80
100
100
120
140

d) Measurement of motor input waveforms

b) Measurement of speed control characteristics

Speed Vs Inverter frequency

fs (Hz)

Nr (rpm)

2.0

0.02

75

2.5

78

4.7

139

6.2

184

8.3

234

10.1

301

13.7

387

25.2

611

Motor Speed Vs Inverter Frequency

750

Nr (rpm)

700

650

600

550

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

Fs (Hz)
Graph 1: Motor speed Vs Frequency (frequency control)

30

VS/fS Vs Inverter Frequency

fS (Hz)

VS/fS (V/Hz)

2.0

0.02

2.5

4.7

6.2

6.45

8.3

4.82

10.1

4.35

13.7

3.79

25.2

4.12

VS/fS Vs Inverter frequency

7

VS/fS (V/Hz)

6.5

5.5

4.5

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

fS (Hz)
Graph 2: Vs/fs Vs Inverter Frequency (frequency control)

22

24

26

IS Vs Inverter Frequency
fS (Hz)

IS (A)

2.0

0.02

0.2

2.5

0.5

4.7

0.5

6.2

0.5

8.3

0.5

10.1

0.5

13.7

0.5

25.2

1.0

Motor Current Vs Inverter Frequency

IS (A)

1.1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

fS (Hz)
Graph 3: Motor current Vs Inverter frequency (frequency control)

24

26

Motor Power Vs Inverter Frequency

fS (Hz)

WS (W)

2.0

20

0.02

40

2.5

40

4.7

60

6.2

60

8.3

60

10.1

60

13.7

60

25.2

80

Motor power Vs Inverter frequency

85

WS (W)

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15
0

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

fS (Hz)
Graph 4: Motor power Vs Frequency (frequency control)

26

c) Measurement of speed control characteristics with voltage control

Motor speed Vs Inverter output voltage

VS (V)

Nr (rpm)

108

731.2

128

735.2

144

737.4

160

738.6

176

739.5

184

739.9

Motor Speed Vs Inverter output voltage

Nr (rpm)

740

739

738

737

736

735

734

733

732

731
100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

VS (V)
Graph 5: Motor speed Vs Inverter output voltage (Voltage control)

190

Motor current Vs Inverter output voltage

VS (V)

Nr (rpm)

108

1.0

128

1.0

144

1.1

160

1.2

176

1.5

184

1.7

Motor current Vs Inverter output voltage

1.9

IS (A)

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

0.9

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

Graph 6: Motor current Vs inverter output voltage (voltage control)

170

V180
S (V)

190

Motor power Vs Output voltage

VS (V)

WS (W)

108

80

128

80

144

100

160

100

176

120

184

140

Motor power Vs Inverter output voltage

160

WS (W)

150

140

130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60
100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

VS (V)
Graph 7: Motor power Vs Inverter output voltage (voltage control)

190

DICUSSION

1. What is the motive for keeping V/f constant with adjustable speed drives
Induced emf (E) of an induction motor is proportional to frequency and the air gap flux. As the
stator resistance is negligible induced emf is almost equal to the supply voltage (VS).

If the frequency id reduced while keeping the supply voltage constant then air gap flux increases
and core gets saturated and magnetization current increases. Also torque of the motor depends
on air gap flux. If the frequency increases keeping the voltage constant then torque will be reduced.
Hence air gap flux should be kept constant of an induction motor. To do that V/f is kept constant.

2. Why not V is increased with f for speeds above the rated speed, and how this affects the
motor torque.
At rated speed supply voltage is at its rated value. All the parameters of the motor are designed
for this rated voltage level such as insulation level. If we exceed this voltage limit motor may be
get damaged due to insulation failures or similar problems. Hence we keep the v/f constant up to
the rated speed (rated voltage) only and beyond this voltage only the frequency is increased. If
only the frequency is increased then air gap flux gets reduced because

Due to this reduction in air gap flux, motor torque is reduced while the speed (frequency) is
increasing. Hence beyond the rated voltage power is kept constant.

Figure 1: Frequency control of induction motor

3. Compare the degree of speed controllability with frequency control and voltage control
With frequency control speed of the induction motor can be adjusted either above or below the
rated speed. Frequency controlling method can change the motor speed from about 5% of rated
speed up to as twice the rated speed. It can achieve the speeds beyond the rated speed but with
less torque at constant power.

Figure 2: Frequncy control characteristics of an induction motor

With voltage control of induction motor only limited range of speeds are achievable. As the torque
of the induction motor is proportional to the square of the voltage, torque decreases rapidly for
lower speeds. This method cannot used for go beyond the rated speed.

Figure 3: Voltage control characteristics of an induction motor

4. Comment on the motor voltage and current waveforms.

Both current and voltage waveforms have the frequency of 40Hz. Voltage waveform is nearly a
square waveform. There is a phase shift between current and voltage waveforms. Current wave
from is not a pure sine waveform because it includes some harmonics.

5. Outline the salient features of control circuit giving reasons for the use of different
potentiometers
Slow-up/slow-down circuit
VR1 & VR2 -: adjust the rate of change of speed input signal
N-1 error amplifier
VR1 -: adjust the voltage feedback ratio
VR2 -: adjust the control signal transient of the error signal of voltage feedback and the reference
VR3 -: adjust the current feedback ratio
VR4 -: adjust the control signal transient of the error between the current feedback and output of
the previous voltage feedback error signal.
VR5 -: adjust the final signal range and feed the error signal to comparator