IRE-CERI Workshop on Road Construction Technology over Peat 2014

June.5-6, Bandung Indonesia

Case History of Cement Stabilization for Peat

Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region, PWRI

Geo-technical Research Team
Research Engineer: HIJIRI HASHIMOTO

Content
Decision procedure of the ground
improvement method on construction site.
Construction use and the improved ground
method(Deep mixing method & Middle layer
mixing method) outline.
Laboratory mixing test and construction
management on improved ground.
Summary
2

Relationship between period and cost

Cost

High

Deep-mixing method
Lightweight embankment method
The method to overcome
the trade-off between
PERIOD and COST

Surcharge method

Low
Short

Long
Period

The Division of the cement

improvement method of construction
Deep Mixing Method

Surface soil
stabilization

Middle layer
Mixing Method

Deep mixing method

(1)
(2)

(3)
Deep Mixing Method

The maximum Improved Depth 25 m

(4)

(5)

Trencher type mixing method

A power blender (full view)

A trencher mixer

Application of cement-mixing stabilization

Improvement of foundation
ground for retaining walls

Improved soil
Bearing layer

Prevention of embankment
sliding failure
Embankment
stabilization

soft soil Improved soil

Bearing layer

The problems that cement improves peat

-When deep cement mixing is used on peat,
we are often faced with factors that
obstruct solidification due to the organic
matter in peat.
-Even in laboratory tests where uniform
mixing can be performed, peat may not
solidify when using portland or blast
furnace cement.
-It is therefore important to find a way to
choose the most effective binders to use
for peat from the numerous types available.

Effects of different types of binders

- Engineering properties of peat tested Aim The different of cement and peat effecting
on the improved strength.
Properties

Ebetsu peat

Yubarigawa peat

Enbetsu peat

Natural water content (%)

380

719

912

Density of soil particles (g/cm3)

1.85

1.60

1.62

Ignition loss (%)

47

70

95

pH

5.1

4.1

5.0

- PEAT

3 kinds

JGS 0812

- CEMENT 8 kinds
Ordinary Portland cement,
Blast Furnace B-type cement,
Binder
- TEST Un-confined compression testJIS A 1216)

Effects of different types of binders

- Results of the unconfined compression test EBETSU PEAT

YUBARIGAWA PEAT

ENBETSU PEAT

Wn=380%

Wn=912%
Wn=719%

BC The ratio of the cement weight for

the wet weight of the peat

Effects of different types of binders

- Chemical reactions between peat and binder -

3CaO-Al2O3-3CaSO4-32H2O
is a hydrogen product called
ettringite.

Mechanism of increase in Strength

SEM(telemicroscope) photo of treated

TESHIO peat using binder at curing of 28days

Laboratory and field strength

DMM, middle layer mixing method

quf/qul 3

Laboratory mixing test

AimThe
We economic
decides quantity
kind offrom
economical
cement
type is of
adopted
the provides
satisfying
strength (3
Lab.per
strength)
quantity ofdesign
binder(cement)
and =price
1kg of
and
of binder(cement)
eachquantity
binder(cement)

qul28= 3quck

High organic type binder

Ordinary portland cement

Blast furnace B-type
cement
b150 220c
a 80
Quantity of binder kg/m3

High organic type 80kg/m33000IDR/kg = 240,000IDR/m3

Portland cement 150kg/m31200IDR/kg = 180,000IDR/m3
220kg/m31000IDR/kg = 220,000IDR/m3
B-type cement

Construction management of improved soil

Schedule control
Construction
Management

Work progress control

Quality control

Orderer

Contracter

15

Quality control(Standard)
We evaluate the quality of improved
ground in 28 days after construction
The strength of specimens to satisfy 85%
of design strength
The extreme mean of the test specimens
strength to satisfy design strength

The mean strength greatly exceeds design

strength to satisfy 85% of desigh strength

Un-economical !!

16

Quality control(CERI)
average
desigh
strength

Normal distribution

Peat K=0.5
minimum
quf28
0.5

standard deviation

The
improved strength
were less than
Consideration
of a defectiveness
rate
the
design
strength
was 30%.
when
we improve
peat

Work quality strength = quf28_ave 0.5

Summary
For the peaty ground of Hokkaido, there are
many construction if improved ground.
When there is much organic content of peat,
even the binder may not solidify.
It is necessary to choose economical cement
type by the laboratory test.
The quality control of the improved ground
on peaty ground considers 30% of bad rates.
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Thank you for your attention