Foramen Rotundum
Foramen Ovale
Foramen Spinosum
Foramen Lacerum
Carotid Canal
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Jugular Foramen
Condylar Canal
Hypoglossal Canal
Foramen Magnum
Location
Cranial Nerves
CN I!
CN II!
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CN III !
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CN IV !
CN V!
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CN VI !
CN VII!
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CN VIII !
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CN IX !
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CN X!
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CN XI !
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CN XII!
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Olfactory!
Olfactory epithelium Cribriform plate Olfactory bulb Primary olfactory cortex
Optic! !
Retina (optic nerve) Optic canals Optic chiasm (optic tract)
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Lateral geniculate nucleus (optic radiation) Visual cortex
Oculomotor!
Ventral midbrain Superior orbital fissure Orbits Eye muscles (Superior rectus,
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Medial rectus, Inferior rectus, Inferior oblique), Raise eyelids, Parasympathetic
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innervation (Pupil and Ciliary constriction) (neurons in ciliary ganglion)
Trochlear!
Dorsal midbrain Superior orbital fissure Orbits Superior oblique muscles
Trigeminal!
Ophthalmic division (V1):!
Face Superior orbital fissure Pons
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Maxillary division (V2):! Face Foramen rotundum Pons
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Mandibular division (V3):!
Face Foramen ovale Pons
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Pons mastication, mylohyoid, ant. belly of digastric,
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tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani
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(Trigeminal neuralgia: inflammation of nerve)
Abducens!
Inferior pons Superior orbital fissure Orbits Lateral rectus muscles
Facial! !
Inferior pons Internal acoustic meatus Stylomastoid foramen lateral side of face
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Parasympathetic nerves to lacrimal and salivary (submandibular, sublingual)
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glands, glands of nose and palate
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Branchial muscles of facial expression, scalp, stapedius, stylohyoid, post. belly
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of digastric
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Anterior 2/3 of taste buds Chorda tympani Internal acoustic meatus Inferior pons
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(Bells palsy by herpes simplex I virus: facial muscle paralysis + loss of taste sensation)
Vestibulocochlear!
Hearing (cochlear) and equilibrium (vestibular) apparatus Internal acoustic
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meatus pons-medulla border
Glossopharyngeal!
Medulla jugular foramen pharynx+parotid salivary gland (Parasympathetic)
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Posterior 1/3 of taste buds + pharynx Medulla
Vagus! !
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Medulla jugular foramen mostly Parasympathetic fibers to organs +
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pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles
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Taste (epiglottis + palate) + viscera + somatic (ear) Medulla
Accessory!
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Medulla + spinal root ( foramen magnum) Cranial root jugular foramen
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pharynx + soft palate + trapezius + sternocleidomastoid
Hypoglossal!
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Medullar hypoglossal canal tongue (swallowing and speech)