Estrada
Cerebral cortex forms the complete covering over cereberal hemispheres
Made up of gray matter
1.5 4.5 mm in thickness
Functional areas:
Frontal Lobe
Precentral area divided into 2 regions:
1. Posterior region motor area / primary motor area / broadmann area 4
Found in precentral gyrus extending to the anterior part of the paracentral
lobule medially
*lateral aspect image
Fxn: stimulation produces movements on the opposite side of the body
(contralateral)
Exceptions: bilateral movements: extraoccular muscles and muscles of the
upper part of the face, tongue, jaw, larynx and pharynx
*parts of the body in primary motor area image
Upper part of body lateral side
Lateral medial side
Motor homunculus
Area of face, hand, and fingers larger than other body parts =
representation related to skill of the movement not to the muscle mass
More neurons are involved in motor movements
2. Anterior region premotor area / secondary motor arean / BM area 6
Loc: Anterior part of precentral gyrus, posterior parts of sup, middle, inferior
frontal gyri
*image lat view of brain
Fxn: stores programs of motor activity related to past experiences, programs
activity of primary motor area
3. Supplementary motor area
Found anterior to the paracentral lobule
Fxn: contralateral movements of the limbs
Ablation og this structure = No effect on limb movement (as long as primary
motor area is intact)
4. Frontal eyefield / BM area 8
Located in middle frontal gyrus
Fxn: voluntary scanning movements of the eyes independent of visual
stimuli, eyes can moves even without stimulus
5. Motor speech area/ Brocas area/ BM area 44, 45
Located inferior frontal gyrus
Bm 44 pars obercularis
Bm 45 pars triangularis
Left dominant individuals (right handed): brocas area is in left cerebral
hemisphere
Right dominant: brocas area right cm
Ablation of non-dominant part: no effect on speech