Miscellaneous Babylonian Inscriptions - 5

.
V/fi
CORRIGENDA.
Page
31, line 16, for im-ku-da read im-zi-id.
Line
Page
18, for
33, line 31, for
ml- read
-Mi- read
Line 35, for *f read
-JwJ
*-.
fwfe.
"the" read "The."
Page
34, line 7, for
Page
-si-bi-im.
36, line 22, for -sz'-ag read
Page
read -ma-si-.
57, line 20, for -mast-
Page
58, line 11, for
Page 63,
last
two
"Ishi-urra" read "Ishbi-urra."
lines, for
"Enkkar" read "Enkhar,"
MISCELLANEOUS
BABYLONIAN
INSCRIPTIONS
BY
GEORGE
PROFESSOR
IN
A.
BARTON
BRYN MAWR COLLEGE
NEW HAVEN
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON HUMPHREY MILFORD
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
MDCCCCXVI1I
DIRECTOR'S LIBRARY
ORIENTAL INSTITUTE
UNIVERSITY OP CHICAGO'
pt
I
J3
ill
COPYRIGHT
1918
BY
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
TO
HAROLD PEIRCE
GENEROUS AND EFFICIENT HELPER
First published, August, 191 8.
IN
GOOD WORKS
PART
SUMERIAN RELIGIOUS TEXTS
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
The
texts in this
volume have been copied from tablets
Museum, Philadelphia, and edited in

moments snatched from many other exacting duties. They
in
the
University
present considerable variety.
No.
is
an incantation copied
from a foundation cylinder of the time of the dynasty of Agade.

Babylonia, and
It is the oldest known religious text from
perhaps the oldest
in the
man and
of the creation of
No. 8 contains a new account
world.
the development of agriculture and
No. 9 is an oracle of Ishbiurra, founder of the dynasty

of Nisin, and throws an interesting light upon his career.
It need hardly be added that the first interpretation of
city
life.
any unilingual Sumerian
text
necessarily,
is
state of our knowledge, largely tentative.
the
in
Every one familiar
many
with the language knows that every text presents

translation
bilities of
cannot hope to have thought of

every delicate point in a
way
all
first
of these, or to
that will
possi-
interpreter
have decided
commend
itself to all
colleagues.
his
The
writer
is
indebted to Professor Albert T. Clay, to
Professor Morris Jastrow,

for
The
and interpretation.
present
many
helpful criticisms
Jr.,
and to Dr. Stephen Langdon

Their wide knowl-
and suggestions.
edge of the religious texts of Babylonia, generously placed at

the writer's service, has been most helpful.
also
due
to Dr.
He is
Museum for
text.
Edward Chiera
His thanks are
for helpful criticisms of the
also grateful to the authorities of the University
the privilege of copying the tablets, and to Dr.
George B. Gordon, the Director of the Museum,

courtesies
during
the
progress
of
the
work.
deeply grateful to Mr. Harold Peirce whose aid

publication possible.
for
many
He is
has made
also
this
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
AJSL
B
The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures.

Brunnow: A Classified List of Cuneiform Ideographs.
BA
BE
Beitrage zur Assyrtologie, edited by Delitzsch and Haupt.

The Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania,
edited by Hilprecht.
CT
Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets,
etc.,
in
the British
Museum.
JAOS
KA'P
M
OBW
PBS
Journal of the American Oriental Society.

Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament, 3te Aufl.
Meissner: Seltene assyrische Ideogramme.
Barton: The Origin and Development

University of Pennsylvania,
of Babylonian Writing.
The University Museum,
Publica-
tions of the Babylonian Section.
PSBA
SB AD
Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, London.

Sumerian Business and Administrative Documents
from the Earliest Times to the Dynasty of Agade.
It is
Barton:
Vol.
IX
in
PBS.
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
THE OLDEST RELIGIOUS TEXT FROM BABYLONIA
AN OLD BABYLONIAN ORACLE(?)
A HYMN TO DUNGI
MYTH OF ENLIL AND NINLIL

FRAGMENT OF AN INCANTATION RITUAL
vii
.
21
26
34
42
PRAYER FOR THE CITY OF UR

45
A HYMN TO IBI-SIN."
49
A NEW CREATION MYTH
52
AN ORACLE FOR ISHBIURRA, FOUNDER OF THE
DYNASTY OF ISIN
57
AN EXCERPT FROM AN EXORCISM
60
A FRAGMENT OF THE SO-CALLED " LITURGY TO
NINTUD"
62
LIST OF TABLETS
67
AUTOGRAPHED TEXTS
PLATES I-XXIII
PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTIONS. PLATES XXIV-XL
CORRECTIONS
PLATE XL1
A
No.
i.
THE OLDEST RELIGIOUS TEXT FROM BABYLONIA.

This cylinder, found by Dr. Haynes at Nippur, remained
unpacked
the basement of the
connection
Hilprecht's
fessor
severed.
it
in
It
was apparently broken when found,

from
were obtained
identified
by the
writer,
three
and the
different
been
These were
boxes.
text pieced together
from eight
fast-
Parts of nineteen columns of writing
ened them together.
Not more than one whole column
The beginning
Pro-
for parts of
The Museum attendant afterwards
different fragments.
remain.
with
Museum until after

the Museum had
of
column
of writing
unfortunately
is
is
lost.
The
lost.
only proper names beside those of deities that can be identified

The
in it are those of Nippur, Kesh, and Khallab (Aleppo).
interpretation of an inscription written in pure Sumerian would
In the present instance interpretabe in any case difficult.
tion
is
rendered doubly
difficult
by the
sentences, which, perhaps, contained the
and certainly indicated the occasion

these circumstances
it
is
clusion that the writer has reached
was written
of the opening
name
of the writer
of the composition.
Under
cannot be too strongly emphasized that
the interpretation offered below
tion
loss
purely tentative.
is,
The
con-
however, that the inscrip-
as a foundation cylinder at a time
when the
temple at Nippur was repaired, and that this repair was probably undertaken because of a plague that had visited the city.
Apparently the plague had made its way to Nippur from
YALE ORIENTAL SERIES, BABYLONIAN TEXTS
MISCELLANEOUS BABYLONIAN INSCRIPTIONS
While the occasion of the inscription appears, therefore, to have been historical, the inscription itself is of the
nature of an incantation.
Kesh.
The
which
script in
Agade. 1
It
ments of
this
is
it
is
written
that of the dynasty of
is
of equal
scripts
and those of
religious
if
B.
texts
of
in
Agade
the incantation
here
not greater antiquity than the Pyramid
The
lisharri.
ous
in
excavations
Nippur
laid
was found.
pavement of the temple

by Naram-Sin and his successor Shar-
It is, in
the absence of definite informa-
where Dr. Haynes found

it
this cylinder, plausible to
was written at the time
of this reconstruction.
The
It
to
Naram-Sin were three times

1
"builder of the temple of Enlil," but
Naram-Sin constructed the
If
to fall into disrepair fifty or
lisharri's
reign
Egyptian king Unis, while that
of
there.
We now know
that these two monarchs
belonged to the dynasty of Kish and Agade that ruled BabyPoebel
197 years, and the data published
and
in
191
by Professor Clay
period as from 2794 B. C. to 2597 B. C.

1
the
Compare Barton, The Origin and Development
in
enable us to
this
fix
It is
I,
the Earliest
Times of
the Nineteenth Century, 1903, p.
388
See A. Poebel, Historical Texts, Philadelphia, 1914, p. 133 f.

Peobel, Historical and Grammatical Texts, No. 3; Historical Texts, pp. 92 ff. and 132
Clay, Miscellaneous Inscriptions in the Yale Babylonian Collection, p. 30 ff.
ff.
ff.
more years
it
later.
it
was
first
constructed than
worn pavement were repaired.
its
of the
it.
foundation cylinder would be placed
In that case
it is
It
is,
when
accordingly,
was written early

probably half
tury older than the pyramid text of Unis and
is
in
a cen-
the oldest
extended religious expression that has survived from any portion of the
human
race.
This consideration gives to the text a supreme interest.
for
pp. 204-221.
more probable that
the reign of Naram-Sin.
It
of Babylonian Writing, Part
3
See Hilprecht, Exploration in Bible Lands During
and Clay, Light on the Bible from Babel, 1907, p. 117.
Dr.
Naram-Sin ruled
2
See Barton, Sumerian Business and Administrative Documents from
Dynasty of Agade.
1914 by
after
Naram-Sin antedated
a plausible conjecture that our cylinder
no evidence that they did
it
was nearly contemporaneous with that
to have been uncertain,
is
him-
our somewhat uncertain chronologies are correct, Sharga-
spots in
and there
calls
would seem prob-
of forty-four years and that Shargalisharri repaired
had had time
numer-
terrace early in his reign
the hold of the later rulers of the dynasty upon Nippur seems
4
it
as
as those of
Naram-Sin and Shargalisharri 2 each
his successor.
self,
Nippur
of the temple court at
beneath the structure when
lonia for
fifth
chronology,
Breasted's
probability that our text comes from one of the two great
kings of Agade mentioned above is increased by the fact that
any building
king of the
seems more probable that our text came
bricks of
pavement
the
able that
the
conjecture that
according
reign,
texts
from the reign of Naram-Sin than from the reign of Sharga-
Texts of Egypt.
tion as to
in the reign of Unis, a
pyramid
but similar differences are observable
C,
galisharri
whose
dynasty,
oldest of the
period, 2
ruled from about 2800 to 2600
terrace at
Egypt was written
and Shargalisharri twenty-
was 2655-2625.
As the dynasty
During
of
C).
The
more archaic than the business docu-
every period of Babylonian writing.
is
four years (2660-2636 B.
slightly
between the business
recorded
forty-four years (2704-2660 B. C.)
contains a primitive,
but comparatively refined strain of
The men who wrote it entertained the

animistic point of view.
The world was full of spirits of which
they were in terror, but chief among these spirits were gods,
religious
thought.
Hilprecht, Old Babylonian Inscriptions, No.

Hilprecht,
Ibid,,
Nos.
and
2.
3.
who, however capricious, were the givers of vegetation and
(i>)
They could be entreated, and man's hope lay in placating

them.
The text exhibits the neighborly admixture of religion
(ii)
su
life.
2'
r.
idig[na] a\ag a-kib-nun a\ag
The holy
2'.
Eu-
holy
the
Tigris,
phrates,
and magic so characteristic of Babylonian thought.
When compared
with the pyramid texts
They
striking difference.
presents one
it
centre around the king and are inter-
ested in his fortunes as he enters
among
who
represents the Egyptian king as a cannibal,
gods to obtain their strength! 1
One
the gods.
text
in heaven eats
This Babylonian
text,
gat aiag
4'
gar-sag
expression of a democracy,
The
interests involved
it
comes at
not the religious
If
least
from an aristocracy.
are those of the city of Nippur.
ib-bi-ge-[gd\l
5'-
they give abundance.
6'.
His sceptre protects(P);
7'
bar-ba.
8'
nunu{-ki
,
,lu,
[me]s
12'
,nu
me .... hi.
....
iur
en]-lil
[mu-d)a-lag(?)
i'
3'
nik-ku
4'
5'
6'
3'
en-lil
.da-[an}-til
mus-ir pad-balag 4 (?)
i]n-sag-ga
7'
.nigin.
forth,
1'.
are(P).
... .is not(?)

.
.numerous(P)
he hero, Enlil
makes
bright.
1'.
[lit]
O
O
O
O
2'.
3'-
4'5'-
.protect(?) [man]!
man
man
protect man
lord of darkness protect

lord of light protect
lord of the field
lord of the sanctuary
protect
6'.
mu
the food of Enlil
7'.
dingir ga Hi
8'.
ug-gi iemen sag-gi
<.)'.
''en al
gives
him
5'-
Unto
Sir 6 there
6'.
she grants favor,
life.
is
6'.
ug-pi singii*
Clothe thy king
O
8'.
Make
9'.
the
strong
platform
a cry;
d it-rim
in
singul
man
god be favorable to
divine
new
temple-
protect
lord
the
little
habitation!
all live.
New
bum* engur
lul al-la h
10'.
well of the
York, 1912,
mighty abyss, give
protection
ft.
it is
lit,
10'.
127
10'.
.man(?)
man!
See Breasted, Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt,
12'.
from Kesh he came,
makes
A'-
7'.
.til(?)
He came
5'.
2*.
9'.
ama gig al lie

ama ud al lit
ama dar al lit
ama bar a al
3'.
(i)
al
4'.
e-e-da
the sprouts of the land.
(iii)
1'.
Transliteration and Translation.
keP-ta ba-ta-e
[to] its lord,
8'.
It
2'.
a prayer.
7'-
(iii)
2'
the holy sceptre of Enlil

establish Kharsag;
iat-b{i] ur[u]
represents the point of view of a Babylonian city-state.
(i)
3'-
4'-
5'
10'
other hand, represents the community.
en-lil
mu-gub
6'
9'
on the
This might, of course be rendered, "It came forth."
not certain what the subject of the verb
to conjecture that
it
The ideogram
From
Since the preceding context
later portions of the text
was some epidemic which spread from Kesh,
spread from city to city

3
is.
for
in Philistia in
Kesh
is
Sam.
as the pestilence
it is
is
is
lost,
tempting
said to
have
5.
it
in
the
Laws of Hammurabi,
32, except that there it is followed by ki while here it is followed by lis, possibly to be read tu.
At Nippur, the sign tu apparently had the value of ki, for in the "Sumerian Epic," published
by Langdon, the name of the god Enki is several times spelled en-tu.
The
expression pad-balag appears to be a
compound phrase
The
407 12 ), and balag = balaggu or balangu, "cry" or "howl."

denote either a cry of sorrow or of joy.
6
For a discussion of
The
ama
sign
is
the ideogram for "wild ox."
It
was
this deity, see the general
comments on
for a cry.
Pad qibu (OBW,
expression could, apparently,
In line
epithet of Enlil.
there can be
OBW,
little
2603
mu
For
For singu
The
sanctuary"; see
p.
96
we have
the
was
also
employed as an ideogram for
for qatr&dn "warrior";
hymns
Nippur
Reisner, Hymns, p.
series of
The "wild ox of
very expression ama
f.
doubt, therefore, that the passage
=lab&su, "clothe," see

cf.
sign burn
B, 7100.
may
would not be materially

6
5'
whole
It
and
is
at
is
3}, etc.,
the sanctuary"
bara, "wild
an appeal to
cf.
known
is
OBW,
183.
as the series
and Langdon,
an
in that title
ox of the sanctuary";
Enlil.
For al = na$dru,
this text below.
his
Sumerian and Babylonian Psalms,
see
for betu, "lord,"
a favorite epithet of Enlil.
ama-e bara-na-ra, "the wild ox of
almost identical with the form of
iii,
emuqu, "strong," "deep," "wise,"
OBW,
Cf. also
I.
11
481 30
below.
be due to an accidental perforation of the tablet.
Possibly the reading
is
If
omitted, the sense
would be "O mighty abyss, give protection!"

al-ku here, but, if so, the sense would be unaltered.
altered.
It
sig 1 al sig
'.
singu
u{ gi-ia-
12'.
-ga-qa-d2
A
A
'.
12'.
large garment, a singu garment,
goat thou
bringest (?)...
6'.
tug a{ag-nigin me.
lit
6'.
"Which
7'.
8'.
(may) she say

"Unspeakable with the brightness
of many cedar fires" (may) she
9'.
Her power
let
lofty, brightest of all,"
is
them be
(iv)
i
se
2'.
sar.
5'.
6'.
"]'
.
.ge-ge
2'.
gu nar-ne gu nar-ne
3'-
Abundance(F). .he
restores.
His musician sings;
uru-da ba-la
musician
his
e e-mud
musen a-ba
rug-ma
4- "To the city he gives protection,"

5'- The temple he
strengthens;
sub-bi
6'.
lal-a-ge {id a-ba-ta sig-gi
1'
O bird who can overthrow it?

My gain is great. The flour by
ge edin Jal-a e-{a a-ba-ia de
8'.
plain
'.
12'.
su-ni
me
sii
musen a-ba
rug-ma
10'.
dug II
11'.
II pi
12'.
sukum
.mu-na.
10'.
...
,mu-n[a-d\e
aga ra-a-bi
ki
filled.
mud
io
Thy water by
makes the overflow
The demon,
sub-bi
lal-a-ge a-ba-ta sig-gi
1'.
bird,'
My
12'.
gain
dug mu-da-ni-sub
13'.
14.
13'.
mus-ir pad-balag
14.
'5
15-
(vi)
(vi)
it
of
two
large.
the
food
not overt hrown(?).
is
they [pour out] for her;

.
.they pour out to her;
which
she
loves
they
a vessel they present to

unto Sir there is a crv.
her,
1.
increases fatness.
the cloud-lord
is
de.
3.
2.
3-
is
many
.poured out
The
holy
Tigris,
jars(?)
the
holy
Eu-
phrates,
d
it
uru-mu
gal-ajag
4.
whom
im-
great, by
.dug-bi
idigna a{ag a-kib-ud-nun a{ag-gi
nam-e(J)
lit
7.
dumu-.
8.
gi\g--d
9.
(V)
6.
man
my
protector,
does not bring forth.
The son ....
8.
-{i
5-
Enlil,
7.
nin-gar-sag-ge
10.
the holy sceptre of
4-
en-lil
6.
poured out?
(v)
jars
bring her;
who can overthrow him?

is
Two
12'.
poured out?
is it
His hand
'.
da-ba la e-gal ru ga mu-rug

Hl-laP galan
nam-ma-ku-
increased?
is it
is
petuous
1
(-)'.
',
great waters;
io'.
gi bil-erin hi.
whom
()'.
8'.
'
say!
whom
8'.
nu-gu aiag-gx
'.
sings:
4'.
7'.
(iv)
'
3'.
offerings (?)
9.
umun-hi
igi-du-n
of Ninkharsag.
To
10.
the source(?) of
life,
the divine
2'.
nin-gar-sag-da isib-Hl
To
2'.
lord, raise the
Ninkharsag belongs demon1
enchantment;
a{ag-isib b su-na mu-[rur\
3'.
brilliant
3'.
enchantment
her
gd-a{ag ga-me ga-rug ga-me
5'.
Bada opposed
4'.
"The house
5'.
say 6
2
3
4
'to
Apparently a
Cf.
OBW,
list
is
word(?) 6
bright,"
may
14.
pure,"
may
"OBW,
62 3
13.
on the weak 3 he
sig-hi uru in:-.
14.
for the lowly' he [withheld{?)| not
laid hold,
protection. 5
she say
16
16.
of offerings begins here.
Enlil;
cf.
OBW,
83 2
OBW,
The
See
ml (ilib) signifies "incantation," "enchantment" (OBW, 4786,<i ) and

The context indicates that here me means to "say as an incantation "
sign
Kesh did
15
is
B, 5940.
lhe
came from
sig- sit ba-ni-il
3.
she
593.
Perhaps to be rendered,
speak."
His eye he lifted up to him;

that which
"The house
1
to her his
1.
12.
not cease;
1
e-ni- ge-ge
nam-mi-gub
{ag-e 1 kcs
hand
[created (?)];
mu-na
ba-da
4'.
igi-na ba-na-gar
1.
12.
eye!
also lasti,
219.
sign
OBW,
is
OBW,
277
527.
It
13,6509.
may mean
offerings
come from Kesh.
"weak"
or "lowly."
Lines 10-14 arc v ery enigmatical.
directs
either
and
prayers
to
According to
Ninkharsag,
or
SJr,
my
understanding of the
text, col.
on account of the plague that had
Col. vi, 3-6 reminds the worshipper that certain
great
powers are
in the

(vii)
i
e(?)
3'.
4'.
mu-na-u
13'
'3'
3'.
at that time 3 satisfaction came.
'4'
M'
kisal(?)-bi gub en
4.
Its
(ix)
(ix)
mus-ir pad-balag
ku ...
is
a crv.
6'
7'
1.
"
3-
8'.
e....
8'.
"I'he
9'.
dumu-m[ii] gd-al
9'-
"My
nar{?)
'.
,na
house.
(viii)
1'.
The musician (?)
....
En
pes
2'.
gal-dig-ga
3'.
1'
mu-rug
increases greatness.
kd-gal sig-gar ba-gar
)'.
The
4'.
gdl-mn su-a mu-.
4'.
my
c>'
gis
.dingir
CY
7'
.nam-sag-ga
sangu ni-nam
2.
.... favor
3-
the priest proclaims.
4-
The
ab-laP-bi sag-ga
5-
its
6.
mai-ra ni-mp-nam
6.
for the prince he appointed
7-
kas-kas-dim
7-
Like a heap
8.
gul-%%
8.
may
9-
ki-nam-ul-ni
9.
From
ge-um-e
mill dam-dag-lii
mu-dim
10.
firm house he raised up;
nest
favorable;
is
the joy of
with
life
it.
be great
4
his cohabitation
the
Sir,
brilliant
he
wife,
created
the mighty divine lord
2'.
5-
10.
(viii)
d
4 gd-ku ne-da
son, in the house (?).

10'. What is my present 3 ?"
life!
dwelling.
2.
7'
a-na a-mu
my
platform (?) stands as an incan-
unto Sir there
5.
12'
ud-bi-a rd ial-la
opened by the tree of
1'.
the temple nourished 2 them;
6'
du-mii
12'
tation 4
10'.
gis-fi-dim
2'.
5'.
'.
'
dun
(vii)
2'.
great gate to bolt he appoints,
12.
da dara-gis-dim
ki gar 5
[f]il
n[e-g\u
1.
12.
13.
13
5'
14.
6'
'5-
15
door for protection he.
a strong one, like a full-grown ibex,
whom
he
"The
light
commanded
to guard
life.
8'
(x)
8'
9'
gts-mu-se
10'.
(?)
an-su ni-il-da
igi
may
()'
10'.
he be favorable(?)
To heaven
he
lifts
control of the gods, or at
an eve
in human control.
It would seem probable that lines
contained Ninkharsag's response, ending with the command
to look to the divine source of life, probably to F.nlil.
Line
states that man lifted his eye to
him; line 12 that that which came from Kesh (by hypothesis an epidemic), did not stand;
lines 13, 14 fell how he (Knlil) delivered the lowdy.
much
all
events not
is lost,
H'he
favor
is
broken;
it
may have been
sa,
nH ls
"net" (OBVV,
),
but the context does not
it.
For the meaning akalu, "feed," "nourish" see OBW, 273 s

Probably referring to the stopping of the plague.
An
spirits
6
sign
evil
This sign
521)
has
many
meanings.
It
might be rendered "figur
"vessel," "sceptre," "bed," "rest," "love," and "present."
The
na-nam
the
the
city/'- -in
2.
OBW,
are they;
s
the translation given above is the only intelligible one the writer can
427
two fragmentary lines. If more of the context were preserved, it might appear
As it stands the passage seems to imply a
that the sense was something quite different.
knowledge on the part of the Babylonians of a story kindred to that of Genesis 3. However, in
the absence of the context one cannot build on this.
2
ab-Uil has two meanings, ap!n, "a nest" as of swallows, and nciplastu, "scales" or "balances"
As "house" is mentioned in the preceding line, the word has been trans(cf. B. 3841, 5842).
lated by the first of its meanings.
If the second meaning were chosen, the passage would imply
1
Cf.
make out
away
evil
of the
as belonging to Osiris.
events and acts as a protection to a place.
(OBW,
of
that the god possessed scales similar to those that are so often pictured in Egyptian inscriptions
early expression of the idea that the very presence of a holy building drives
and
1.
light of the city

2.
7-10, from which so
(x)
u-urn-a u-uru-sh
last
image,
mentioned meaning seems
to best suit the context.
For me-ni-nam,
On
Gar menas "a guard;"
Lines 1-6 are not clear to me.
this
translated
(col.
an example
ix,
them
11,
of the early
Sumerian indifference to the order of
syllables.
passage see the discussion which follows the translation.
12)
JAOS, XXXVII,
it
can probably express the verbal form of the thought
They
as though they are an address of the "strong one
concerning the demons of sickness.

27.
also.
are capable of at least two interpretations.
This
is
who was
told to
have
guard
one possible interpretation;
life"
cf.
10
gig-uru-a gig-uru-su
3.
The darkness
3.
of the city,
in
the
g,s
3.
darkness of the city

4.
na-nam
5.
mu-uru-a mu-uru-su
6.
na-nam
7.
8.
ud-na ul-ul
nin-na gir-gir
9.
el en-lil
ud-na ul-ul
10.
13.
gu
14.
&z
d
d
urudu-e
da-uru durudu-e
of the
city,
6.
the people of the city

are they.
7.
Whenever
its
9-
lady
is
there
is
among
gladness
Whenever
its
lady
12.
its
god
The
mu-mar-mar
4.
sag gestin-a-saru-ba
5.
igt
6.
dingir-da
7.
gasan-me lid dingir-el
4.
lag-lag sir-gal
i;>i-plants
Iskhara-nig-
of
um-e
among
there
is
nu-gii gi-aâg lal-û
8.
6.
to the goddess, the mother.
7.
Our
Urudue speaks
with Dauru.
lady,
is
faithful
the great light
one,
brilliant
8.
unspeakable
the
is
brilliance
of
thy goodness
gladness
9.
da-ra-'.a-bar-e
9.
gab nunu{ nar se-a
10. gii-li
14.
3600 vines she sets them.
Before the sunlight
10.
just."
'3-
his
5.
strong
strong,
is
is
3.
goddess,
house of Nippur.
1.
dingir-ni di-da
12.
5.
10.
nin-na gir-gir
are they;
The people
8.
isgara-nigginakku
inakku;
4.
ki
pi-pi
11
From Dara
thou
gu-gur pu-gin
n, the wide
gasan-me
12.
is
food
speakest,
2
;
the
gab-grain
abundant is the wheat;

bank is an increasing
sprouts,
Urudue
orchard.
'5
15-
12.
16
lu lam-dal-esku-kim
16.
our lady,
man
like a
is
sprout of
three fronds, 3
(xi)
1.
z'gi
rra-ga/ an-[na]
nin-gal
2.
d
3-
en-lil
nin-gar-sag
igi gin-gal
d
4-
nin-gal
5-
6.
an-na
En-lil
7.
gi bil-mu-ni erin-bi
a-mas
kam
vii
13.
the great lady of Enlil,
Ninkharsag,
4-
before the arbiter, Anu,
5-
the great lady of Enlil,
id-mag
14.
nig-lur-iu-a mu-da-ra
15.
52'-ra
d
i(i-<5ta
7-
the exalted one spoke:
8.
"On my
my
Mm
much cedar
1.
14.
15.
su-sig sika-til an-ga
15.
Strong foundations he establishes;

a full hand, a full vessel, he fills.
16.
gal.
16
sd-sd-e
The
sar-kim?
gu
lil-gir
ba-ra(?)
to thy vegetation comes.
15.
for
2.
]muL
lag-Ur{T)
62 s4
dub
.bar.
d
4.
en-lil '-su
5.
gig-su
d
.gal-gur
en-lil
1.
2.
[to]
3.
The
libation
4. at
mu-mar-mar
of
tispak-ra ki la-ba-uni^-W'
the
divine
Perhaps to be rendered "fodder" or food;
Cf.
The Sumerian reading
OBW,
93
poured out
fiery offering of Enlil
Nippur
5.
on account of the sickness he pre-
6.
to Ishtar
from the land
of
cf.
Khalab, 4
Michatz,
cf.
OBW,
77'*.
2 .
signs are unfortunately
spirit to
[he]
etc., p. 23.
of this
name
there erased,
Reisner's Hymnen, 99, 67, and

and the Code of Hammurapi,
Like the garden god

she commands the strong
bowl
Sir [at] the great sanctuary.
Dara, "ibex," enters as an element into a number of epithets of Enlil and Enki;
is
given in CT, Xii, 28, 28, though the last sign or
in slightly different
iii,
52.
The ideogram occurs in

PSBA, XIII, 58, CT, XV, 19, 7,
97 and Tammux, 133, Hommel,
leaving only {a-ba legible.
writing in
Zimmern, ZA,
III,
Grundriss der Geographic und Geschichte des alien Orients, 386, 390, and R. F. Harper, Code of
Hammurabi, j, take it as an ideogram for Aleppo. While this is not absolutely certain, it is
probable.
6
lu, as a post-positive
"from."
OBW,
.si
Die GolUHisten,
[thou makest(P)]"
make
Cf.
3.
14.
1.
(xiii)
bur.
great divine river
(xii)
d
sented
13.
overflow
6.
are the fruits of thy wise divinity.
the
2.
seven brightnesses
12.
16
(xii)
2.
the planting of the divine begetter.
iag-iag-gir an-lag
makes brilliant.
With mighty Sir
10.
1
fire
river the wall
.mu.
16.
1.
13.
14.
(xiii)
even Ninkharsag,
9.
-mu mun-dag
bal-bal dingir-da-ia
12.
before the great lord Anu(?),
6.
ki mus-gir-da
11.
sig
i.
nin-gar-sag-ra
8.
9.
1.
2.
3-
us mu-ni-gu
10.
13.
(xi)
take ki
equals adi, ana, and ina.
Ina
in
Akkadian sometimes
su in this phrase to be equivalent to ki
so often in the temple archives,
e. g.
HLC,
15,
la,
is
equivalent to
"from," which occurs
43; 21, 11.
That an Ishtar from Aleppo should be worshipped
in
Nippur
in this period is interesting,
12
mu-mar-mar
gig-su
7.
7.
sented;
d
8.
en-ki-ra \u-ab~su
8.
gig-su mu-mar-[mar]
9.
9.
Enki in the deep

on account of the sickness he preto
lag(?) -sir
10.
1
en-lil"
en-lil
u-mas-su ku-e
5.
14.
15.
10.
the fiery offering (?) of Enlil.
11.
Nippur on abundant food thou
en ...
nig-gi
feed est,
3.
abundant water thou drinkest,
4.
a-mas-su gu-gu
12.
of
13.
ga-gar-a menari-ne-na
13.
luxurious fatness
is
5.
14.
menari-na nu-mu-gdl
14.
that storehouse thou dost not lock;
15.
ga uru-a nig temen-na
15.
the fatness of
is
6.
the pos-
7.
8.
session of the temple.
9.
16
10.
(xiv)
(xiv)
1.
en-lil
mu-ab-a-gu
a-iig gig igi-ki-ka
3.
2.
Enlil declares to him:
3-
"Removed
is
4.
'As
protector
thou
removest
en-lil-a ne-ne-e
5.
a-uru-a ne-ba-lal-lal
6.
7. eîw nig-bil-{a
8.
nig-bil
9.
aim
mas mu-gdl
wig temen-â
6.
"as a protector thou removest
7.
The
plain
it.
thy royal possession;
is
gir-mag gud-ku ad nig-\u
13. ni-si-bi-a ne-ba-nd
mes-lam-ta
ud
ge
line 6.
2
ug-gi
It
may
1
be intended for dub or lag
1445.
not come!
"Let
it
6.
let
not come!"
1.
it
When
to
Ninkharsag
Ninurta
coming from Meslam
day and night with might
the increase of his cattle protects
13.
lag mu-ni-kesda
>3-
The foundation thou strengthen-
14.
si-si-ma-ta \a
14.
thou
15.
lal-lal-ma-\ia {a\
>5-
thou raisest up.
est for
it,
fillest,
16.
(xvi)
(xvi)
1.
4.
the possession of the temple bears
The
great dagger, the ox-devourer,

father,
is
the house of Nippur
[3.
it
waters,
it
..gig.
..
5.
gitrus-'ii [dingir]
6.
gurus-ii dingir
7.
kd-dug tab-bi de
8.
de. .na ial sig
9.
ama-mu
270).
all, in its
.sickness.
entirety.
Lord of life, god of fruit,

Lord of life, god of fruit,
pour out good beer in double
measure;
pour it out, make abundant the
lam-ma
Jam-ma
wool!
exalts.
is
sickness.
thy possession;
12.
(OBW,
12.
su-nigin sar-na-a
the possession of thy
part of the sign remaining looks like the beginning of um, but
Cf. B,
lord
.possession.
5-
10.
rug gir bar-n\c\ mi-luk
gig.
is
Clay has shown that the dynasty of Agade was of Amorite origin (Amurru,
During its supremacy and even later, there must have been Amorite inhabitants in Babylonian cities, who, of course, brought their deities with ihern.
The
9-
mag-ma g-a
3.
plain
f.).
4-
a\ag rd \u-a na-ur
9-
the
same
have tentatively read
O my
mother, brilliant one, come!'
The
but not strange.

190
for Enlil, the prince,
8.
the royal possession bears fruit.
1.
up."
3-
nin-urta
The
O
\
9.
k,
5 en-lil[
12.
nam-nam-rd
nam-nam-rd
ud d nin-\ga]r-[sag}-a(?)
8.
fruit.
1
mu-mar-mar
10.
lifted
Enlil's are they,
temple;
mas mn-gal
m'g temen
10.
gig-su
2.
16
it,"
d
5.
the sickness from the
face of the land."
a-uru-a ne-ba-lal-lal
4.
[en-Ul] sag- su
12
1.
2.
is
the bird discovers.
field
sented.
house;
Akkad
1.
that store-
in
weapon
great
seeded
(xv
12.
Thy
The
16
16
<xv)
sented
]
\abar-mag-iu us(?)
gan-kul mii-gt gu
14.
13
10.
kala-{ii sar(?)-na urn-bar
10.
flour withhold not
(may) thy might man's garden (?)

restore
1
i
sign as in
it lag.
Cf.
OBW,
30
111
Hill
14
ama-mu
[dingir]-nin
12.
nu-gud me-a
dig gig su-hi-a ne-sub
O my
mother, divine lady,

no might with thee?
To
12.
expel
the
is
there
tur-li
mt-me
a-lil
(may)
a-gig a-bil-a
I4
there
be
5- dig..'
(about seven
9.
kud ga-sub-a-pi
5.
defaced here),
8.
The
Four (times) thy temple platform
sickness ....
approaches.
sal-me
10.
1
.na.
dup d en~in
12.
.sal-me
tab pu-bi
ki-iur-ra-bi
13.
lal-el ki-a
14.
[ki]
nin-urta ra erim
mn-rug lag
[l)i-a.
11.
The priestess
The down-pour
12.
deep his well

which he dug.
13.
The
14.
comes as a laborer;
[who] increases the boundary abun-
10.
sea
the priestess ....
5.
engur-al(?)
.bur-bi.
8.
makes
9.
nt-fa-su tun
his eyes see.
The
decree do thou establish!
The deep abyss
10.
nam-nam gu
ra-na
9.
13. ki-fu
land;
libation-
lady,
not the storm-cloud (?) 2
11.
to
12.
Let the meal offering be abundant
13.
Thy
land
14.
Men
say:
en-iu ra
mu-su-es-gub
gu
lu-lii
14.
for
command
ku-se ge-gana-an
12.
bowl ....
By thy wind,
so.
come!
it
Enzu, come.
establishes.
15
15
the
fills
En-zu
of
Ninurta
dantly (?)
15-
man;
9.
temen-ia mu-ni-da
is
vege-
brilliant (?).
(xvii)
gig--iv
strong
2.
all
8.
when(?) thou makest(?)
lines are
(xvii)
1.
bar-bar-ra
expel....
15,
-ru nigin-sar
no
sickness, fever
lul. .lu igi-igi-ii-[ni]
2.
the fold
tation.
demon
14-
-ni-
pray
earnestly
13.
(xix)
(xix)
1
sickness,
15
An
interesting peculiarity of the palaeography
of the determinative
kam, which
is
the writing
often placed after numerals
is
'5
as in the
(xviii)
(xviii)
cone of
Enlitarzi.'
In
column
xi,
10,
of our text
written on the next line after the numeral to which
it is
points.
it
4.
5
mu-me gub
gig.
[dingir]-nin
7.
-ki
.
mu-. .-dag(?)
10.
gii-la
gub-na a-ag-gi
gi-ba ge-mi-de
.gu
is
terrible. 1
divine lady, speak
sickness
7.
um
na-ra
12.
5.
6
.
l a g-gi-e ni-kal(?)
'
4.
Let him not come!

Like the wild-ox his strength
3.
ne-ne
9.
nam-e-na
ki-am nam-gud-du
3.
them
Let not the
10.
The
1.
12.
13.
14. dtngir-en-a elim-til-la
14.
15
15
possessive
noun
in the
It is
Gub
is
a predicate adjective after
preceding
in
same
the
line
refers
back to the
line.
interesting to note that in this text, in accordance with
a wide-spread conception of early

holy.
The
rivers,
and the "mighty abyss"
its
side
is
full
bank overflow!
is
Tigris
men, water was regarded
and Euphrates are twice spoken of
appealed to for protection
As was
strong,
firmness, complete.
(or well of the
as
as holy
mighty abyss)
May its reeds

O divine lord,
be abundant,
living
ram
mt = ba"su; d.
OBW,
207*
2
.
(col.
iii,
10).
to be expected the principal deity
mentioned
in the
text is Enlil, though Enki is also prominent, and Enzu and

some minor gods are also mentioned. The name Ninlil does
'Cf.
mu "my"
establish (?) the city.
9.
the land.
The
OBW,
II, p.
251, note **.
See Allotte de la Fuyh, Documents presargoniques, No. 32.
16
The spouse
not occur.
of Enlil
Mush
names, Ninkharsag and
here called by two other
is
That Ninkharsag was
or Sir.
one of the names of the consort of Enlil has long been known,
but the new light that the text throws on the Snake goddess
Sir is important.
That she was a goddess down to the time of
Esarhaddon has long been known, though Jastrow

1
work,
Religion
overlooked
BA,
III,
und Assyriens- appears
Babyloniens
In an inscription of
it.
Sir
defined as
is
"be-lit,
haddon were therefore uncertain

from a feminine to
was
Sir
identical
references
to
was actually
a
Langdon, and which he
bel.
as
The
scribes of Esar-
to her sex,
in process of
as
Although
Sir appears in
beneficent
goddess,
this
text
fact
friend
but
that
the
She was
to
a goddess,
as
that
being transformed
Zimmern supposes
her in our text disprove that view.
regarded
and
She
Her counsels strengthen the wise divinity of

12), a statement which reveals a point of view
was very wise.
Anu
(xi,
ii,
similar to that of Genesis 3
than any beast of the
"Now
1
:
field."
the serpent was
Snake worship
has been widely scattered over the earth.
that one of the roots of the cult at
therefore,
Cf.
Vol.
Zimmern, KA'P, 504
I,
55, 105, 163
ff.
Cf.
See the writer's Semitic Origins, pp. 120, 125,

Loc.
See
not strange,
Nippur should
p.
127,
and Langdon, Tammu{, 120
f.
In later times Sir

p.
and Langdon, Tam.rn.ui, l2 fappears mainly on the boundary stones; cf. W. J. Hinkk, BE,
Seal Cylinders, No. 362
Man,
8 of
all
published
agriculture,
by
No.
as well as in
this
volume;
it
4, line
appears
22
ff.,
the
in
things were generated by the union of
Indian myths, which represent the
Izanami, 2 in
Vedic cosmogonic
ideas,
refer to acts of cre-
and which
Another point of interest which the text makes prominent

To her
the connection of Ninkharsag with enchantment.
of
attributed the function of enchanting the demons, or
away by incantations.
number of sentences are
keeping them
the text,
which by
her,
was supposed
recollection that
is
found
in
one of
to banish
If
rightly understand
given,
the utterance of
demons from the temple.
some such function attached to Ninkharsag

the RiiualtafeM published by Zimmern, in
connected with the name of EnmeNinduranki is somehow also connected with the name of
A line in the text is broken, so that it does not appear
which divination by
whether
it is
oil,
divination by
'See G. A. Barton,
etc.
f.,
229 and the translations passim.
in
oil,
or
Enmeduranki himself
American Journal of Theology, XXI, 576
AJSL, XXXIII, 112 f.

2
See G. W. Knox, The Development
cit.
D, Vol. IV,
and
III, 307, 34.
Ward,
life."
kharsag.
P. 297, 42; cf. p. 238, 42.
is
very old and
ff.
So also Ward, Seal Cylinders,
BA,
It
is
more subtle
he told to guard
the Sumerian Epic of Paradise,
calls
the Fall of
of
beginnings
the
ation as acts of generation.
mankind.
a spouse of Enlil.
Nos.
in
earlier
is
was
and
Izanagi and
is
(Sir)
and
city
Japanese myth that
deity was also from early times sometimes regarded as a god. 7
Mush
the Flood,
the serpent
According to our text
whom
that important acts of creation are the result of

This idea is
cohabitation between a god and a goddess.
origin
expressed in lines 22-30 of a tablet which describes the
in
cohabitation with Sir (Mush), he
among men,
"the divine lady," while

il
is
This statement embodies an idea very wide-spread
1).
of
dragon-serpent Tiamat,
the
have
8-1
(ix,
in
masculine deity.
with
great
to
his
begat one strong as a large ibex,
Esarhaddon published
another copy of the text we find Sir
indicates that she
in his
"From
her
One passage concerning
have been the snake-goddess.

very interesting.
17
Macdonnell, History
Cf. A. A.
<
No. 24,
H. Zimmern, Ritualtafeln fiir den IVahrsager, Leipsig, 1901,
1.
is
and Jastrow
New York, 1907, p. 21

New York, 1900, p. 132.
of Religion in Japan,
of Sanskrit Literature,
Series
ff.,
that
26.
18
called "a creation of
Urudue spoke with Dauru,
belief in her connection
Enki addressed Anu.
Ninkharsag," but the text attests a later

with the subject.
It appears that in
the lapse of time her patronage was
transferred from enchant-
ment
to
divination.
In
named Bada, who
deity
or was
hostile
suffering
to
connection
this
is
stated
that a
unknown to me, opposed,

From the point of view of
otherwise
is
Ninkharsag.
men, Bada, then,
ft
not an actual devil, was one of the

not-altogether-friendly divinities that had in
him the potentialities of devilship.
Perhaps this is too strong a statement
of the case, for, in Babylonian thought,
the gods were subject
to all the passing moods of men,
and Bada may have been
to oppose Ninkharsag's beneficent
restraint upon
demons, not of settled purpose, but on account
of some temporary dislike of men.
column
god.
In
x,
13
mention
CT, XXIV,
49,
probable, therefore, that
The
Enki.
lists
made of Urudu-e, or
5 b Urudu is defined as
in
of gods in
is
our text Urudu
XX IV
CT,
Urudu-nagar-dingir-e-ne, literally
is
the Bronze
Ea.
It
is
an epithet of
"The bronze-carpenter
of the
oftheworld"(CT.XXlV,
,2,24; 25,87a).' The simple phrase,

"the Bronze god," suggests a god represented
by a bronze statue,
but the name may have originated
because the god of wisdom
was believed to have imparted the knowledge
of working metal.
is
the Semitic
name
that in our text Urudu-e
The passage
is
In
one of the names of Anu.

1
Cf.
usually applied to Enki,
it is
probable
Enki.
Paul Michatz, Die
Urudue says that he spoke with

CT. XXIV, 1, ,3 Da-uru is given as
When
the
name
of a deity
9b gives the Sumerian name of
18,
it
is
said in our text that
A%
"A-na-mn, Breslau, 1909,
p.
19.
to the time
xxxi, 4, 5).
(cf. Isa.
3,
down
is
expressed by nigin,
CT. XXIV,
the ideogram for double enclosure, or grand total.

this
deity
Ishkhara-
as
nigginakku, and the Semitic as the goddess Ishtar.
who
This goddess
totality of deity,
is
is
21,
hi,
Um
pi-pi.
This plant
by
pi-pi,
mentioned
is
the
,i
said to be the possessor of
tablet published
It
sum up
said by her ideogram to
pi-pi-tret or ^>z"-2-plant.
in
the
e.
i.
71b,
where the writing
Kiichler, 1
is
was a plant believed to have medicinal properties,
since in the tablet published
by Kiichler
it is
an ingredient of a
medical prescription.
Another interesting statement

where the phrase mes-lam-ta-e, or
follows the
texts
name
of
found
is
in
xv, 8
col,
ff.,
as formerly read iid-lam-ia-e,
Ninurta or Nin-ib.
This phrase
connected with the name of Nergal, and later
is
in later
still,
with
The phrase means, "the hero who comes

forth from lam," or "the prince who comes forth from lam."
The only known meanings of lam are "sprout," "to bear fruit,"
and ninsabu, perhaps, "be blown away" from the stem nasabu,
the planet Mars. 2
"to blow,"
itself
meaning applicable
probably originated
in
to
the falling petals of a
The
When
this
Jastrow, Religion Babyloniens
lam
phrase describes
Beitrdge iur Kenniniss der assyrisch-babyloniscben Medi{in, l.eipsig, 1904.

Cf.
sign
the picture of a ploughshare, thus
suggesting growth and fruitfulness.
Goiierlisten der Serie
xii,
in Israel
flower, or to the pollen of a fruit-bearing plant.
that mentions
a deity called Da-uru.
In col.
of saying that
to afford protection to the land
This idea persisted
ff.).
of Isaiah or later,
further record a god
gods" or "The metal-worker of the gods"

(cf. CT, XXIV, 12,
25; 25, 87b), and Umdu-nagar-kalam-ma, "The
metal-worker
As Ea
(col. vii,
way
but another
early peoples the presence of the temple, the
all
abode of deity, was thought
if
thought
In
As among
it is
19
ttnd Assyriens,
I,
64, 185, 11, 18, II,
628
f.
20
Ninurtaas "the hero who comes forth from lam," what does it
mean? May the meaning not be suggested by two seals published by Ward on which a god is represented as a walking
tree? 1
In each case a
trunk, the head

of deity,
atical
human form
takes the place of the tree-
in
these figures
the picture of the
who came forth from vegetation"

who comes forth day and night from
says, who protects the increase of the
(lam).
hero
vegetation, as our
text
AN OLD BABYLONIAN ORACLE(?).
surmounted by the horns that are emblemand from the body the branches of a tree
"hero
is
2.
is
Probably we see
grow.
No.
It
is
in
is
here put forth
is
it
interpretation of
RANSLITKRATION AND
RANSLATION.
0)
It
(>)
gal-X kud-du
i.
The
under the
2.
garas-bar %id-da
2.
the oracle comes forth.
the time of Dungi, of the dynasty of Up,
3.
Al-la-
4.
mega-isib-bi
to
Kal
5.
ama gub
great victim
(?) is
cut open;
Alla-Kal,
4. the wise priest
firmly
establishes
(it).
should be noted
associated in the text with the
it
given with great reserve.
was Ninib rather than Nergal.

conclusion
The
very enigmatical.
This deity
cattle.
thus becomes probable that the deity referred
name Mes-lam-ta-e
This text
this
declared to be Ninurta or Ninib, rather than Nergal.
In
21
work
of
how
closely sickness
demons.
In col. x,
is
5.
nam-sir-ge
5.
Of the apparent fate
6.
men
6.
I,
mega-isib bur-pad-da
the wise
priest,
am
beholding
18,
the whole.
demon
according to one interpretation;' a
is
adjured not to
fly
to the darkness of the city, the light of the city, or the people
of the city.
The Babylonian view
gal.
7.
7.
8
(ii)
its
primitive character does
The evidence of
what we might expect.
not need demonstration.

is,
accordingly,
this
text
on the
(it)
bin-dub
2.
Cf.
the pass.ige
is
difficult.
1.
En-lil-lal
3.
''En-ki-ta
4.
ge-gdl-ne
5.
ki-'
6.
nam-sar-a-ge-a
7.
Ward, Seal Cylinders of Western Asia, Nos. 174, 578.

CT, V, i22i7and IX, 15589.
'The rendering giwn in (he text s:;ns more p.-ob.ible, but
1
great ....
that sickness was demoniacal
possession was so all-pervading that
point
The
En-ki
The destructive axe
2.
Enlil
3.
from Enki
4. verily will take.

5.
Standing with Enki
6.
in
en mu-ge-gdl
7.
the lord verily
8.
me-gi-la
8.
verily he will guard it!
9.
[men]
10.
[ki]
giib
me ga-i sib-mag
En-{u na
(iii)
q.
10.
1,
wisdom
will receive it;
the wise high
whom
priest,
F.nzu exalts,
(iii)
IP
dingir-dingir-ra
an-sar-ru
2.
1
See
p.
23
2.
the gods
1 II
1 1 ii
address.
ii
11
ff.
ill
nip
1 m iJ
Hi
1 1
ii
22
3.
ki-dingir-a ni-i[n]-da
3.
Unto the god
4.
ge-gub
4.
"May
5.
utu-utu
5.
the dwellings
6.
erin-erin
6.
of cedar."
laid,
7.
erne an-babbar
7.
mouth he opened,
Enzu said:
"Where Enzu dwells
of Enlil of aromatic wood.
En-{u an-da
d
ki En-iu ni-ntu
8.
9.
8.
9.
say:
dwells where he (Enzu) dwells, that he (Alla- Kal)
there stand
one of the bearded princes, that the foundation
lis
The
which
sign
2.
as
1.
nun-me-su
[ni
-mag
2.
3.
dingir-ri-ne
Langdon
which
sign
As one
equates with shepherd.
of the bearded princes he
exalted.
3.
N is god
AJSE,
in
XXXI II,
XXIX,
/A,
4.
shall fasten
5.
the foundation firmly;
erin ni-dim
translates "great
shepherd" and reads
6.
6.
7.
5M--(S
sab according to
all
7.
with cedar he shall build.

Strong are the houses;
8.
the dwelling
or "great Zwrw-priest."
9.
the great dwelling
utu
10.
siris
''En-lil-hl
is
of aromatic wood,
must be confessed that

offered here
its
is
enigmatical and
interpretation
merely tentative.
is
If
is
ings that
was
who wished
axe which Enlil
is
the cedars are to be cut.

to be the inventor of
working bronze.
The
particular,
and he
a victim
to rebuild the temple, or
to receive
and
uncertain.
formed a part of the temple at Nippur.
to be constructed of cedar.
guard.
difficult,
take
from Enki
it
is
it
That
rightly understand
an oracle obtained from the inspection of
for AIlu- Kal,
it,
it
by a seer
some
The
build-
building
working wood as well

its
work,
and
that in a sylla-
is
in
has
It
the value
means "great
priest"
Langdon's inference that because the

in
the syllabary they are therefore
shepherd
not sub but sib or sjba.
is
declared Enlil will
requesting that the dwellings of cedar
Enzu
may
in
stand,
Enzu assured him that AlIa-"Kal
Gay's Miscellaneous
is
published a larger duplicate copy of the syllabary ascribed to
Lugal-usum-gal
ZA
the
in
text.
study of
that the larger part of the syllabary
Sumerian words before which
Thus
in
col.
we have
priest;"
it is
In
Yale Babylonian Collection, No. 12, there
Inscriptions of the
the axe with which
as the discoverer of
Moreover the Sumerian word
likewise fallacious.
"large serpent;"
priest then adjures the gods, addressing
declares that in reply
is
that the destructive
Enki, the god of wisdom, was supposed
This axe and
sub.
the syllabaries, and
two words follow each other
for
text here presented
of Enlil."
10.
synonyms
The
flfH]fj,
reads sub
ff.
an
is
79 tal-j^=Mn occurs next to gal-sab, which Langdon
an-se-ter-da
iag-du
gal-unn
be firmly
bary of the time of Lugal-usum-gal published by Schileicho
5.
8.
48
His evidence for this
4.
9.
is
apparently, an older form of
It is,
he dwells.
is
shall
have rendered victim (?), J^^[,
(iv)
ni-utu
exalted as
is
the dwellings constructed of cedar, and the great dwelling
unidentified sign.
(iv)
23
serpent;"
gal-tuk(?),
it
clear
list
of
"great" could be written.
gal-kal, "large
laboring-man;" gal-mus,
"large priest-house;"
palm grove";
"large
makes
occupied with a
gal-dim, "large dim-grain;"
gal-sangu-e,
gal-pa-sag,
gal,
is
this
gal-sangu, "high
gal-li,
"long
life;"
gal-mus pa, "large fearful (?)
"long hair;" gal-kesseba,
"great image;"
gal-mus -\-nfus-\- sir, "great sbinbiltu-tree;" gal-pa-bi, "great terra

cotta
sceptre;"
"great house."
but
in
line
11
gal-pa-uriidn,
Col.
we
ii
is
"great bronze sceptre;"
mostly occupied with a
find gal-numun,
list
gal-e,
of garments,
"abundant seed;"
in
1.
13
11 11
24
"large prayer-offering."
gal-sil,
"princes" or "great men."

sangu," high priest"
The end
Line 14 has the heading nun-me,
Naturally therefore
a term which here occurs
1.
begins gal-
for a second time.
column and the beginning of the third

col. iii becomes legible we read:
gal-li,
of the second
When
are defaced.
"great unguentary (of a temple court);" gal-kisal, "great temple

court;"
"great fozrw-priest,"
gal-sab,
then gal-*0fijj$, the phrase
gid-sab,
tall
which
in question,
"a great court-yard" or a "great fold."
gal-tur,
is
baru-pxxest
followed by
It is clear
from
words that because one word follows another they

are not necessarily synonyms.
The context of the expression
this list of
J- pjjjffl
the Nippur inscription suggests that
in
victim would be appropriate, and
like
it
some meaning
would not
in the sylla-
bary be inappropriate for a victim to be followed by the fold

from which the victim was taken.
accordingly tentatively
I
translate "a large victim."

If
is
am
right in taking the Al-la- Kal as a proper
proof that
ceded by the determinative dingir, 1

ceded, always a deity as
Mus
in col.
Here
328).
is
not,
it
i,
is
Huber supposes. 2
it
is
so pre-
a predicate
protects."
spelled with the sign for serpent
(OBW,
(OBW,
interesting.
Mus
115).
fn col. iv, 2 the phrase as-nun-me-su,

is
It
apparently represents a phonetic spelling of
"appear, appearance"
princes,"
when not
The name means, "the god Kal
element here.
name
though sometimes the name of a deity pre-
al-la,
Nun
has
the
"one of the bearded
meanings
"great,"
"prince," "strong," "lord," and preceded by the determinative

1
See E. Huber, Personmnamen in den Keihcbriji-Urkunden mis dcr Zeit dtr Konige von Ur
Leipsig, 1907, p. 45 f., and G. A. Barton, Haverford Library Collection
of Cuneiform
und Nisin,
Tablets, Philadelphia, Vol. Ill, 1914, p. 12.

2
Op.
cit., p.
185.
for divinity
are
deities
may
denote Anu, Ea, Bel, or Sin.
pictured on
Sumerians
themselves
shown that
this
the
seals
as
were beardless.
bearded,
25
The Sumerian
although the
Eduard Meyer has
is
because the Semites were the
first settlers in
Mesopotamia, and
that, after the invasion of the
country by the
Sumerians, the Sumerians adopted the local traditions of various Semitic deities
this
he
is
the case,
may
and pictured
may
their gods as bearded.
Since
not the phrase be a hint to Alla- Kal that
be deified as were Naram-Sin, Gudea, Dungi, Bur-Sin,
Gimil-Sin and others?
26
man;" ka-dund
forth;" ama- dun-
"The god Dungi is the strength

"The word of the god Dungi goes
of
dun-gi-a-us,
gi-ib-ta-e,
27
"The mother of the god Dungi is the goddess

dun-gi-u-nam-ti, "The god Dungi is the food of life."
gi-ra-ur-ru,
No.
Urru;"
3.
HYMN TO DUNG
The colophon
On
I.
to this tablet states that
"My
addressed to
series
it
is
King," and the contents
The
that the king was Dungi.
tablet
the
of a
first
make
clear
it
was originally consider-
another tablet,
Columns and
umns v and vi,
yet alive.
have suffered at the ends by breaking;
at the beginning;
while columns
iii
and
col-
have
iv
in
BE,
p.
136
hymns
XXXI,
f.).
Dungi have been published by Langdon
to
Nos. 4 and
and
in
PBS, X, No.
Such compositions appear
into
of
Ur
is
c)
The
made during
were composed
in his
it
cer has contended
Thus two hymns
dynasties.
later
and
14.
text to Ibi-Sin of the
his life-time, or
(J
copy was
the time of the First Dynasty of Babylon, but
and
(i)
(1)
mu
g\ud-gal a\-gu-nu
1.
lugal
2.
mul-nil
3-
sib
4-
mul-rul
5-
amar-tur-bi gal-la sar barun
to
ug-ga
2.
dun-gi gud-gal a-gu-nu
3.
igi
O my king, great warrior, lord(P),

O mighty, lion-eyed serpent,
O shepherd, Dungi, great warrior,
1
1.
lord(?),
dynasty
AGS,
only after
XX XVI,
his
death?
igi
ug-ga
4.
5.
Offspring
mighty, lion-eyed serpent,
6.
gibil
bar mar-ri silim-ne
6.
brilliant
its
360-380) that no Baby-
such worship developed after their death.
of
tectest the
Mer-
lonian king was worshipped during his lifetime, but that
however, the fact
this
have been introduced
to
also published below.
begun during
name
honor while he was
shows that
script of our tablet
This custom seems to have been introduced with Dungi.
Was
occurs the
9,
original.
Ishmi-Dagan of the dynasty of Nisin are published by Langdon, BPS, X, Nos.
as this
7 (translation,
into Babylonian worship in the time of the dynasty of Ur,
were continued
52,
that does not preclude an earlier date for the composition of the
been almost destroyed.

Similar
No.
12,
such praise could be given him by means of proper names during his lifetime, there can be little doubt but that laudatory
hymns such
ii
1,
tab-dun-ki-nannar, "The god Dungi is the twin of the god

If
Nannar." This tablet is also dated during Dungi's reign.
ably larger than at present and contained six columns of writing.

i
HLC,
lig-ga-gi nr-sag-ga
all
gi-ten
He overlooked,
nl-gi
lum-ma
kalam-ma-na
d
utu ki gar-si-di
8.
Wise
Give
9.
7.
the
who
fold
pro-
improved garden,
bestowest
flame, thou
welfare.
come!
unto the land
ruler, hero,
rest
faithful
hero,
sun-god,
who
art just,
that his contention
is
nullified
by
proper
10.
names that were given during Dungi's reign. On one tablet

(HLC, II, pi. 53, No. 10) the following names occur: ddnn-gi-
"The land is for the god Dungi;"

kalam-ma-gi-li-hi, "The god Dungi,
the land is his
ra-kalam-ma,
sag-a-lii gat-da gub-bi
10.
At
the head with the sceptre thou
standest;
1
1.
ug-i-i-da ga-ii kit-a
11
exalted lion, the fat of

eatest.
dun-gi-
delight;"
Cf. B, 6575.
life
thou
28
12.
gud kas-gar elim-gal su-sar-da
13.
sd-\a kur dii aâg-ga la sd
mighty wild
ox,
ox,
ram great
6.
Thy word
breaks
mountain,
the
lugal sag-men-na gi-li-bi
14.
king,
thou
15.
dun-gi nimgir-gi-dim
<5-
ge-ul-bi
q.
rejoicest,
16.
7.
aga kesda nam-dingir-ra guh-gub
17-
The crown,
8.
lugal-an-ni-mu dug-ga sa-a
18.
sib iid-a si tun
iq.
O my divine
O shepherd,
20.
Enlil,
21.
The
22. ki-aga-sag-bi-na
22.
23. lugal-mu ia-dim
25.
Whom he loves in his heart,

O my king, are like thee.
en-lil-lal
d
21. nin-gi
nin-lil-/al
24. a-/;a #-# &#/

25.
26. a-ba-\a-dim
Hts
27. sa-ta
ku-pi ga
hi-ama mu-ni-in-gu
28.
ur-sag dib-ii
bound
to
divinity,
By whom
30
e ?
29.
}<).
31
#a tun-la
32
32.
33
id-<7 Mt'-li
3T
the faithful
to
give
rim-kal-a me-li
dup-1'1
bi-na-da-a-dim
kur-nam-bi
ru-gdl
brings favor to
igi-c sd
13.
dun-al-aiag-dim
the
2.
3.
ra-ra me-li
4.
ama-ii ama-gal su-sar-da dim
3.
4.
builder's
R,Xi
(i.
As the
3-
come!
.come
forth,
man
art thou
thou makes t for
life
thou art good.

d/m-animaL'
holy
justice,
great,
mother,
14.
Ninlil, great
dug-ga me-li
"5-
Woman of life, preserverof gladness.
16.
Like abundant cedars, a growing
18.
A grateful shade thou art!

O my king, who like thee
md-a-dim
erin a-ga ur-ri
wall,
g
man?
17.
18.
dug-ga me-li
**gig
lugal-mu ia-dim a-ba au-ga kal
favors
the working-man?
weapon
broad
is
iq.
a-ba an-ga-a-da sd
Who
Who
it).
rJs
20. a-ba ia-dim sd-ta
.hero,
ku-pi ga
20.
calls:
forth
is
thee
like
by
whom
the
broad weapon is carried?

The axe, thou demandest it!
2i. '''Hun mit-ni-in-gii
come
brings justice?
22.
nam-tun sag
23.
nam-Ug-ga-iu-u sal-dug
Lighting exalts thee!
111-u gal ge-e-e
Bring forth
the sceptre!
25. Verily
gc-c
.verily thou art.
25. a-ba dingir-ri.
of
kalam-ma-ka mi-ri-a
2.
like
gal-ama
nin-lil
sal-ii
12.
J
tablet of
them;
Beholding
like thee,
is
i.O mountain
namwr-ka
standing
wild-ox of a
The
1.
dug-ga-me-li
12.
brings justice?
The powerful mother

.
10.
31-
its
bull of the dwelling, divine
Great
zag-ga-
lord,
10.
15.
()
).
gub
en
dim
24. sib dim-gi-a in
s' s
javelin;
below 2 thou art!
Enlil
king, speak favor!
faithful lady, Ninlil,
27.
28.
like
is
wall,
carried?
29
gis-ama(~f)-dul
14.
26.
25-
course
Its
gdl'-la
en-lil tul-li me-li
Who
Who
Who
24.
an-ga-a~da sa
fl-fra
joy to the road,
rim-ne
ku-dim
increase.
d
possession of the chariot gives
The
running thou appointest;
ru-a
abides.
20.
iq.
8.
chief
in
Dungi, as a faithful steward

thou art glad
16.
6.
l'U-ii
commander
as
gtS
7. gir-ni
holy and just.

14.
ginar gar-ra-an-na sig-
ga-me-li
to bless,
13-
g,i
gar-su
29
of fate, the firm
bow
ama
ba-{u
.a-ga
()
25.
Who, Ogod,.
fight
Bull of
is
life,
gladness!
great bull, thou rulest
mu-u-tu.
27.
28. dingir iu-a{ag an-.

29.
27.
dess Nin
She bore.
28
29
mu-u-tu (?) ....
The mother bore thee,
26.
mii-
dance.
shepherd Dungi, thou.
24.
Nannar
For the land thou carryest;
To
2b.
thy might increases abun-
the god-
god, thou holy one, she.
She bore.
to bless;
e-mus gu-nu me-li1
5.
5.
Great serpent art thou. 2
'Cf.
2
3
Cf. B, 10391;
M,
Ml = ba'su (OBW,
rences here.
It
7917, 7918.
478 15 );
li
= alta
(OBVV,
8 3 ).
No one moaning
427).
of me-li suits all its occ
seems' to have been purposely employed in different senses.
OBW,
87
Tul = suplu,
20
.
OBW,
460' s
The pictograph from which the sign dun

The female of the species was sacred
that deity.
known
to
Langdon regards the <toi-animal
me
is
derived was apparently that of a pig (see OBW,

Bau and the sign could designate
to the goddess
as the zebu or hos indicia, hut there
in favor of such an identification.
is
no evidence
30
(iii)
4.
gis tur-tur.
5.
mi
'.
im.
nu-dim ....
Not made.
3.
.
Great and small.
4.
7.
gis-am-dim ....
""dub-bi.
9.
10.
1
12.
3.
14.
ud-ba.
d
nin-Jil
16.
aw
18.
19.
20.
8.
9.
.
1.
tablet.
The
tablet.
Fate. ...
13-
Ninlil
14.
With prayers.
Which. ..".
Heaven and earth the
nam-tar-tar
16.
na-nam na-nam
ba-lag-lag-gi
mw
nim-sit ukii
??
'W//7 lugal
kur-kiir.
17.
They, they.
18.
It
19.
brings.
a-ba an- ....
24.
6'.
{id-bi-a
6'.
By
7-
The dust the blood received ....
sugar
he beloved slave looking to the
king
Who
Who
who
nam-umun
h.s
8'.
gis-gid-da .... ib-ma
8'.
9'-
mu-ub
9'.
sn-ner
.a-an-ru
e-mar-ur- .... ga-a-an-tax's
'.
ban-mu
10'.
.gir-dim
nam-dim
igi-mu-su
'.
\ag ga-ma-bal-bal-ri
like thee.
favors [nianj?
ge-bur-
The
The
tall tree
grows,
one makes.
shaft'T?)
My
bow
12'.
The
Of
like a
hand
right
mighty.
it.
verily draws.
my
before
life
eyes according
gi-bar-bar-ra su-tin-gu-gu ....
14'.
By the strong snare the sudim-
'5'-
ka-ag-ga-a ga-ma-an-eP
13'.
16'.
im-ku-da
For eating are caught ....

He who hunts the life of the land,
to fate verily he
til-a
kalam-ma ga-ma-
16'.
verily
>7'<
im-bi-gi-ni
18'.
me-ba-ra
19'.
sd-bal-a
Kn
ku
>7'-
ama-um ga-ma-ab-
18.
By
its
tar-tar-ra ....
19'.
By
bereft.
is
[will
destroy
!J
the weapon,
will seize
might the gracious mother
verily.
kalam
justice perverted
the land
is
destroyed ...
^'"ru-iu ib-uru
nam-dim
mu- ....
ga-am-mi-ib ur-.
20',
Thy bow protects,
21'
Like a swallow verily
them
22'
[ga]-e
su-mu
sa
sag-kalam-ma-ka
22'
mm
Verily
off
!.
it
...
will cut
my power
and leadership
of the land are great
gud-gal
2'.
3'
gis-ki lig-ga
4'
nam-ur-sag-g[a
With greatness strength.

I
edin-li im-.
kal si-m ga-a-
6'.
7'
na-mu.
7'.
5'.
The
Man
luxuriant plain he.
8.
Kti
i
ku dingir mu-u-git-in nam-
24'
lu-ad
Bright
will
make
the
garden
25'
26'
the weapon; the god

human-kind
subdues
Like a flood verily he is mighty
The weapon verily is lifted up,
Exalted
is
with crushed-grain.
Give not(?).
King of the land ....
23'
gug lar ga-mu-u-ag-ga
land!
24'
leroism ....
23'
.
3'-
6'
Said the great warrior.
4'.
5'
In the quiver verily carried (?)
13'-
[brings justice]?
(iv)
....
hand lordship.
his right
14'.
21'
til-ka
20'
(iv J
'3'-
im-
hand
1
gi-ib
....
bur
fates.
exalted one, the people.

20. Enlil king of countries.
23.
In glory his right
birds.
Mis shepherding.
5'-
My
lugal ki
pd-bt ....
21.
8.
i-i-na
12'.
22.
git
5'-
lugal-mu ia-dim a-b[a

22. a-ba an-ga
2'
His head the dust.
1
1
15.
....
A'-
10'.
21. nam-sib-bi ma-bi-
(?)
sag-bi sugar ....
7.
MuliI
12.
22.
4'-
wife
23
li-a si-ka.
Bringing strength
ness.
At that time.
10.
im-ma-an- ....
&?'
The
Thy
7.
sigissi-sigiVsi-a r\a
5fl
mn-lil.
15.
7.
..
dub mu-n ....

nam mu-u-.
d
gud
y- Warrior, the abundance of bright-
Like a great bull.
6.
mu- ....
8. sal-ii
tu[m u\g ....
2'
6.
(v)
(v)
When ....
2.
31
(iii)
lid ...
a-dim ge-im-bal-e
25'
g,s
26'
ku ga-{i-in-da tab-ba-mn-u
raise
OBW,
290 4
Cf.
Literally "pillar,"
Cf.
OBW,
93
,6
"column;"
and
;!1
cf.
B, 7198.
it;
32
27'. ki-ib-ne tun-bi-a
Those who are strong are des-
27'.
troyed;
28'. gu-ul(?)-sd gil-ul y
ga-mu-u-ag-ge
28'.
Destruction
on
destruction
it
makes;
"
29'.
ba(?)-bi gi ga^-ia-dim
29'.
30'. ub-sag(?)-e-ni ne-ni-gid

31'.
sa-gub sa-gub-ba kalam
si-sii.
it
by
seizes
lift it
Blessing,
31'.
Its
They
30'.
up,
it
killing;
blessing
the
21.
O king, there is gladness

May power exalt my city!
22.
Food
23. kur-ra ga-am-mi-ib-gu-ul
23.
24.
The
The
25.
May
its
26.
The
pasisu-pnest cries:
uru ba dingir-bi
26. sukkal
gu
si-tag
land.
M.
32'.
iditn-a-dim
.lit
33'. ki-in. .tur(?) in-da-
sa gu.
34'.
.su mi-
35', uru-gir.
32'.
rf
37'. e
wto.
man
like a
demon
34'.
And.
35'.
protector of the wall (?)....
36'.
The mountain.
37'.
Water(?) of Shamash.
enters(
.
).
27.
29.
great.
ib-idim-e
2'
3'
sa mu-ta-a-sig
3'
and he
4'
gum-gum-ma-ni
4'
his
umun
ga(?)-ra sag-su gu mu-ni-al-
ga -ne-ni-sar
gis-luli-
gud
meadows
lord made
wide.
36. turn
as
9.
bad-da na-a-bi
9-
the
beam
1 1
mu-u-da-rd-a-bi
ug-tum ga-am-mi-rd
12.
Let the roaring lion come,
1.
28.
To
The
30.
The
31.
"A mighty man,
32.
Unto him
33.
A man
13.
14.
He shall not depart;

Let his plan be frustrated
15.
kur-ra tur-tur-bi md-a ga-am-mi-
15
On
ib-bar-ru
mountain
the
38.
whelps
grown ones with a snare
17.
etil
mu-u-ge-iii
17-
8.
<z7
mu-u-ami-e-sd-a
18.
As
As
19.
When
lord
will catch
lord
will
his
Deljtzsch, Sum. Glossar,
p. 108.
Directions for the ritual begin at this point.
them;
hold them!
the prince approaches them
the pack departs.

git-ul for gul; cf
.ba-sar-a-bi
a-uru-na .... sar
nu
will verily catch;
ugu rd-as
the
garden
great ^JiJw-priest the mother
exalted
the
is
prayers be
let
beloved, great,
36.
Advancing,
37.
Saying.
38.
"For the
is
many;
he,"
without (?) says:

a prince."
the
faithful
(priest)
bless it!"
city a blessing!"
Colophon.
verily will seize;
His
gi-ba dup-sag lugal-mu gud-gal d-gu-
5#-&a ga-am-mi-gai
ba-da-es
gracious;
pours a libation.
37. gu.
departs.
nu-mu-u-da-rd-a-bi
W mas-su
is
bright,
is
The mother
"The man is
34.
.gi ni-ib-bal
13.
16.
gra-
border he comes;
field
35.
head
the wall verily he prays;

1
14.
m-ge-ta ga-am-ge
"Be
the wall he 2 stands,
bad-da ga-am-mi ga{
10.
deity
29.
its
god;
verily he 2 prays;
10.
16. gal-gal-bi
its
by the beam he stands;
By
By
By
He
ama-gir ga-am-gu
35. gis tur-bi
to the temple (?)
sum-sum
33. gis-ama-gal bi-e
is filled
8.
ama
32. egir-ba ga-kul
the
[uru-d]a ga-am-mi-ga{
turning blesses.
8.
sar lag-ga-bi-e
!"
The guardian
the prince comes;
uru-ra na-a-bi
19.
\i
its
the creation of
is
power.
brilliant.
he cries out(?);
si-rd
gan
30. sukkal-gid
34.
mu-u-sud-e
city
warrior,
1'
gal.
2'
27.
kal si-sag-ga
(vi)
1'
28. bar-su ga-am-ta-an-rd
3
(vi)
for
land be great!
cious
a
Who
kur-ra ....
36'.
33'.
And.
Sumer be abundant
22. gar ki-em-gi-ra ba-a-gu-la
25. ne-ba ga-am-mi-.
give
to
su-ur-ma ga-am-ge
24.
pierces.
20.
20. lugal mi-li
33
The whole
of
it,
tablet
one of
great warrior, lord (?)"
"My
34

lar
at
Nippur.
according to the
No.
The creation of men occurred

myth published below as No. 8.
in
35
way
this
the settling of
After the creation of irrigating waters and
goddess, they
some marital differences between the god and
4.
proceeded
A MYTH OF ENLIL AND N1NLIL.

This tablet, though fragmentary, as the copies show, contains a more complete text of a myth, a portion of which was
published by Pinches in 191
in PSBA, XXXIII, 85 ff.
The
Nippur accompanied by
to
great
fifty
gods and
plants and gave

seven gods of fate; they cast out the poisonous
For these and other blessings
intelligence to the inhabitants.
our text ascribes praise to Enlil and Ninlil.
text of Dr.
Pinches contained an Akkadian translation;
Philadelphia text
irrigation
the
of
is
Sumerian only.
in
first line of
colophon at the end of
tablet,
At Duranki,
texts
in
prosperity,
its
general
their
itself
tablet states
his
Not
columns
agree closely,
that
it
was "First
is
hero;
she a handmaid.
canal,
when he saw
her,
and
ii
of our tablet.
though
there
are
The
dur-sag
4.
id sal-la
interest.
represents the
It
He was
5.
in
Am, Journal
For the interpretation
0/ Tbeol.,
XXI, 576
id a\ag-ga
kar-ptgu-na
3.
At the favorable dwelling, the
kar-bi
The
story
in
is
the Epic of Paradise
idea of creation
by birth from the
cf.
Jastrow, AJSL,
XXX
II,
112;
also
Barton,
city
which
is
theirs,
na-nam
na-nam
city
4.
which is theirs, they dwelt.

The wide river is their holy river;
Its
dyke, its dyke
is
5.
6.
The crowded dyke, the dyke
of
close-shut
g,i
ma-us-ln na-nam
large ships
7.
The good
na-
8.
The
garg. ib-ta-bu-i-ne bnru-gan-leg-ga
9.
They reap
10.
Enlil, its
7.
tul-lal
tul-a-dug-ga-bi
na-nam
water
8.
id
nun-bi-ir-rd
gud-mul-bi
bi
d
10.
its
na-nam
en-lil gurus-tur-bi
na-nam
proper name.
Possibly Dur-lag should be read as a
well,
is
food
It
is
theirs;
the well of sweet
theirs;
Nunbiirra,
canal
bright one,
nam
their marital
not unlike that of
.their
theirs;
is
its
star-
theirs;
a bur of irrigated land;

is
theirs;
young
hero,
is
theirs;
has been translated to give the
English reader the meaning.

2
1.
na-an-
young
She was standing on the bank of a

ran to her, and kissed her.
Her heart
between Enki and Nintu
PBS, X, No.
minor
marital union of deities appears to have been particularly popu1
At Nippur, the
its
of great
The
2.
they, dwelt;
uru-ki-na-nam
3.
In reality his
she yielded to him, and from
published by Langdon. 1
na-an-
dur-ru-ne-[en-ne-en\
6. kar-a-sar* kar
union fertilizing rain was born.

the union
At.
dur-re-ne-en-ne-\en\
finished."
courtship and marriage of Enlil and Ninlil.
was captivated;
[ru-ne-en-ne-en]
d
uru-ki-na-nam
en\-lii
Nippur(r) they dwelt;
1.
en(?)-lil''-na-iiam na-an-dur-
Nippur(?) they dwelt/'
variations here and there.
The myth
0)
2.
their city.
text covers only parts of
two
of
the
Dr. Pinches text read "At Duranki, their city
they dwelt" instead of At
The myth concerns
Nippur and the establishment
Translithration and Translation.
the
Pinches takes Idsalla as a proper name.
and takes it as a proper name. I hat

Pinches reads Kar-geltin-na, which is quite possible,
have preI
to me improbable.
seems
which
"wine-dyke,"
the
or
"vine-dyke"
would mean the
*
by OBW, 213 4
proper name.
is regarded by Pinches as a
Kar-usar)
Kar-a-lar (spelled
as a proper name.
Tul-lal (read Tul-amar-uduk) is taken by Pinches
ferred rather to interpret
ff.
36
d
1
12.
nin-lil ki-el-tur-bi
na-nam
n.
Ninlil,
young maidservant,
its
is
du um-ma-bi
ama
mug'-na
M-na
the
exalted,
Ninlil
14.
nus-nunuf~e id-aâgga-am-a-nam-mi-tM-W
d
nin-lil-li
gu id nun-bi-ir-ka 5
id a\ag-ga
i-de
17.
aiag-ga-am
.
ga-am
ga-am
20. a-i
i-de
18.
i-de ba-li-bar-ri
19.
i-de ba-ii-bar-ri
Zag-gi sa-lal-na-
22.
cf.
665
The holy
it
JS S ' ightly
ran;
he cohabited
he caused it to rain.
the
woman
Ida-
l6b
diffCTent
Perhaps
we
bUt the g ddeSS
t^t TV
OBW,
d dU
"gave herself";
cf.
Ninlil in anger
30.
.[nu-mu-un}-ra-am-piguH?)
...
30
"Did
not
know
."I kissed thee;
31.
[mu-ni]-t-ra-am- se-su-ub
he
"Did
said:
not yield to thee?"

"Did I not embrace(?) thee?
[thee]?'
I
knew
[thee]";
mu-un-1%
,dib A-wm ib-sig^-gi
32.
."thou didst sieze me;
sub-
mitted;
33
su-dur^-bi mu-e-en 7
.."thou didst lie down;

8
didst gain the mastery
33-
thou
34
.bi-mu-mi-e ba-na-Mlig-gi
34-
."thou wast [enticing?];
thou
wast mighty.
35
gu-mu-na-de-e
35-
..he said.
(ii)
(ii
(About 8
1'.
lugal....
2'.
ul-bi-na
3'.
a-a
4'.
uUi-na
lines are
broken away.)
[gir-bi-na
2'.
dup-gi. ...
3'.
King....
her husband she spoke; to
his anger she..
Father Enlil, the tablet of fate.
mu-un-gu
gir-bi-[na
4'.
To
>'
mu-un-gu
en-lil
To
her husband she spoke, to
his'
anger she....
mu-un-..]
shouId read Ninb
is
doubtIess the '".
She
is
a prepositive
e pnonetic
phonetic
'
See Delitzsch, Sum. Gtessar, 262.
OBW, 185 10 and a6

OBW, 213 4 The rendering is
* Cf. OBW, 48a 2
* See OBW, 249*
Cf. OBW, 481".
Cf.
Cf.
most uncertain.
s
.
( BW
the final syllable oft the name.
Literally
348
To
29.
anger he said; "Did
not yield to thee?"
gu-mu-na-
mu-un-..]
on the bank of the

canal^the bank of Nunbiir;
'
For the meaning "woman" cf.

For the word tU cf. M, 5 156.
holy eyes, with his
The
rrTb!:
may
be
6
holy eyes, with his
river,
his wife in
ab-U nu-un-da-ra-li-ig-ge
32
Semitic translation published by P.nches

shows that the nu
complement; it repeats the first syllable of nun
8
To
28.
gif-bi-e
nin4iUl]i
... .he received her;
23.
was evidently a grain goddess.

Ji
2
zagga, flowed;
CT, XXIV, 9 M;
SP6 ing
[dam gir]-bi-e-gu-mu-na-ab-bi nu-
29.
holy eyes, with his eyes

looked upon her;
Her shepherd, he who determines
24. Ninlil stood
Srr
28.
31
with her;
gu id gu nun-bi-irim-gub-ne
For this goddess
fate, of the
he seized her; he kissed her;

heart of the lady exulted;
her heart was captivated; she
wished it; she yielded 8 to him;
am im-ma-ni-M-M
-i
Her shepherd, he who determines
27.
nu-mu-un-iu
The
ni-ib-ru-ru
nin-lil]-li
ka
Ida-
eyes
eyes looked upon her;

exalted father rising,,
21.
great mountain, father Enlil,

of the holy eyes, with his eyes
The
26.
im-ba-M-in-bar
igi
ur-ra-li-ib-h-gi
The
20.
23. [id aiag-g]a-am sal-e id-aiag-ga-
woman
MuliI,
fate, of the
v
mu-un-ni-in-ri ga-mu-ui- su
si-mu-na-si-ag
24.
aiag-ga-am
im-ba-H-in-bar
ga-am
of
gal gur mu-bi-am-i-i-kar-an
...
the
With holy eyes the lord of

looked upon her;
The great mountain, father
17-
mi-su-ub-bi
22.
river,
stood on the bank of the

canal Nunbiir;
mu-ul-lil i-de aiag-
dam-a gi-li
am mu-un-sd
en-lil igi
[sib-na ne-nam-iar-tar-ri igi ajag-
zagga, did not flow.
21. "sag
holy eyes with his eyes looked
looked upon her;
Nunbarshegun verily helped.
16. Ninlil
sib-na ne-nam-iar-tar-ri i-de aiag-
19.
igi
27
The holy
15.
.ba-U-bar-ri
kur-gal a-a
8.
u-mu-un
with
Enlil of holy eyes, the king
25.
eyes looked upon her;
nam-mi-in-gub-ne
.
igi
upon her;
d
[kur-gal a-a]
26
nun-bar-se-gu-nu
sd-na mu-un-di-di
aiag-g\a-am lugal-e
37
its
is theirs.
helped,
nin-lil-U
16.
en-lil igi
At that time the handmaid, the

mother who bore her, verily
13.
mu-un-di-di
15-
aiag-ga-am igiim-ma-Ii-in-bar
Nunbarshegunu,
12.
mother,
ud-ba ki-el
14.
25.
theirs;
nwn-bar-se-gu-nu
na-nam
13.
OBW,
I56)
'
6g2T
'
'
h3Ve taken h as the S enitiTC
Particle,
but
'Cf.OBW, 112*.
*On account of the
fragmentary condition of the text the rendering of the last
column
is
most uncertain.
lines of
the
38
ur-ur-na su-ni ba-an-
'.
5'-
6'.
us-bi-na
mu-un-gu
mu-un-
gir-bi-na
His hand grasped it.

her husband she spoke, to his
anger she.
7'-
us-bi-na
mu-un-gu
gir-bi-na
To
8'.
su-ub
9'
r.
en-lil-na-na 2 gub lag-e Id

na-ni-ri
en-lil ki-ur
d
12'.
'3'-
mu-
10
im-ma-ni-in-rd-rd
en-lil ki-ur
dtb-dib-da-m
12'.
'3'-
dmgir nam-lar-ra umun-na
ne-
14'.
ne
5'-
en-lil.
16'.
en-lil
With
sam-ug-gi uru-la ba-ra-ne
16'.
Enlil cast
nu-nam-nirs
sam-ug-gi
uru-la
17'-
18'.
19'.
'nu-nam-nir
un-.
20'.
'
ni-gub
18'.
mu-
ki-el
19'-
by
Enlil,
her
gu-
20'
21'. lu kd-gal
si-gar.
21'
lu
su-da lu si-gar-e
nin-iu
24'.
e-da-U
mu
{mn-lil\-li-i
im-
23'
mu-ra-lar-ne
ki-mu nam-mu-m-m-pad-de
25'.
Is
'
nin-ltl-li
mu-lu kd-gal-ge gu-.
26'
5.
6.
3.
4.
gd-ni-.
d
mu
"[si-gar\
27'.
(?)
the
7.
the
25
26.
him
of the great gate!
of the palace called:
man
of the strong
27.
ud-da
28. a
(About 18
lines are
u-mu-un
kur-
25
gis-
26.
u-mu-un
.
NinhT
to
O man
l
Cf.
OBW,
'The
23o rs
itu-ni
Mulii, lord of lands ....
Mulil,
mu-me-en-ne
nin
peculiar;
from Dr. Pinches' text, PSBA,

3
In Dr. Pinches' text it is
we should
XXXI If,
Enlii
85
expect
ft.
%-
and from
man
of
su-%u-
27.
who speaks
here.
iii.
of
the month,
O lord, thou art in thy

might thou overthrowest.
father, lord, thou art brilliant;
the heart thou liftest up.
father Enzu, exalted one, brill.
sag-
28.
en-pi na-a lag-lag-ga sag-gd
29.
30.
lag-lag-ga
thou
iant, the heart
lugal-mu dingir-su ib-rd-a

ki-su ib-rd-.
mu-
father,
my
king,
liftest
like
When,
ni-gdl..
the great
3
up.
mighty god,
thou comest, thou abidest, thou
a-mu a-lugal-mu-dim-ma
im-ma-rd.
of the great gate,
a-na-na.
col
lord
tree.
man
of
32.
en-lil-li
lu
ku-ib
31.
O my
id-kur-ra-dim
da
32.
lacuna- are supplied
ni
Enlil,
who,
im-ma-
33.
dug-ga-ni us-as su-ub-ba-
34.
With the hero
my
like
hero,
thou
king
the
river
of
risest,
thou speakest to them;
they have rest
ni-in-su-ub
34. us-as
as
the land, mightily
ga-na- nd
The
father,
advances!, thou comest.
33. us im-ma-ni-in-gu-ne-en
is
mighty god,
comest ....
the
construction
king,
broken away.)
30. a
my
father,
u-mu-un \u-a
d
dost illumine
Enlil,
thou comest, thou dwellest ....
gd ni-gdl.
29. a
lady, Ninlil, [comes]
7.
iu mu-ib-lag-tag ....
wood; man of
name he shall ask of thee,

Thou shalt not tell him of my
mu-
mu-ul-lil
of
Thou, father
their heart
mu-u\l-lil
dim u-
Enlil to
6.
kur-ra.
handmaid
"O man
Thy
a lugal-mu dingir-su ib-rd-a
Ninlil [descended,]
Nunamnir came;
Man
5.
their heart
sa-gd-
ne-a-lag-lag-ga
poisonous
the lock,
!
of the lock.
"In brilliance, O lord, art thou;

by thy hand thou created (?)
Father, lord, thou dost illumine
4.
en-lil
ni
gate spoke:
mu-lu kd-gal
27'-
O man
Mulil, lord of lands;
place."
26'.
thy god;
Mulil, lord, thou didst create,
ki-su-bi
cast
came;
Enlil
If
Mulil, the lord of the lands.
30'.
2.
the lock
23'-
25'. (a-e
22'
29'.
3.
the lock
K 5
'
of the
mu-ul-lil
the poisonous plant
I;,i
lit
man
of the bolt,
mu-ul-lil
u-mu-un kur-kur-ra
u-mu-un \u ni-mi-dun
lag-da nin mu-me-en-ne m-\uhi-mu du~
a u-mu-un ba-a lag-lag-ga sa-
2.
en-lil-li bi-e-gal-ra
O man
(iii)
plant(?) from the city;
en-lil ni-la d nin-li-[H in-gdl]
28'.
mu-e-kal ....
gi gii
they marched.
Enlil
Nunamnir
ba-ra-[ne]
d
[si-gar]
(iii)
from the city;

17'.
si-gar
mu-ul-lil u-mu-[un kur-kur-ra]

giS
Enlil, the hero, entered.
15'.
gii
[
holy lock,
30'. dingir-\zu lu
The great gods, fifty are they;

The gods of fate, seven are they;
.im-ma-ni-tug-ga-ne
brilliant
Enlil, the
'.
mu-lu
su-di-es
aiag-ga]
29'.
husband, her heart rejoiced.

hero came;
dingir-gal-gal eninnu ne-ne
4'-
Standing
aiS
mu
39
her husband she spoke; to his
she kissed him.
28'.
anger she gave a kiss;

Resting her head on her husband,
us-as sag-ga-ni gd -as su-ub-ba-ni
io',
In a dwelling with offspring thou

shalt lie down.
nd
8'
To
6'.
dur-ki a-tur-ra-hi im-ma-da-ab-
is
their preserva-
tion; with the hero
is
their rest.
40
d
35. a
nin a-ba lugal-su us-mu gu-
lub-mu-.
35.
father,
against
divine
who
lord,
My
king?
the

is
18.
i[b
verily thou overthrowest hirn.

d
36.
en-lil ni-rd
nin-li( in-g[dl]
nu-nam-nir ni-ra
37.
mu-un-
ki-el
comes; Ninlil descends;

Nunamnir comes; the handmaid
Enlii
36.
37.
9.
im-ma-rd]-.
e-da ....
19.
im-ba-
20.
ni-in-su-ub]
(iv)
22.
-mu
su-ub-
us-as
dug-[ga-ni
21.
mu
mu
giS
mu-.
gt
Jar-ri
3.
nam-mu-in-ni-si-sub-ne
ma
a-sig-bi-
dir-ra
2.
4.
gis-sukum
My,
My.
24.
.determined,
.does not overthrow them.
makes;
a-sig-bt gis-sikum dir-
the boat for the ferry Ninlil
nin-lil im-ba-ni
'ma
the boat for the ferry comes.
ra ga
d
en-lil.
23. en ia-lu.
.
22.
25.
u-mu-un.
ma
.ku
7.
Enlil, lord of.
un-}
27. us(?)
28. en
d
30.
.... lugal
Enlil
hero,
mu-ba-si
nin-lil]-li
lu-Iag-ka
8.
Ninlil
mu-ni-ba-sig-gi
mu-lag-lag-ga
9.
10.
mu-
lag-ga-ba-ra
9.
She
sag-ga-ba-ra
10.
24.
[ni-rd
ki-el
mu-
25.
thou speakest to them;
With the hero
[hiiln-lil
ni-in-tar ''nin-lil
in-im-te
sig
12.
Turning
u-mu-un ku-ta gur-
13.
Mulil
14.
When,
1.
tu-ne
ne el-su ab-
u-mu-un
15.
lag-la\g-g[a
16.
sagj-ga-û
17.
[{u}-a l[ag-lag-ga sag-
ga ni-gdl]
d
16. a
u-[mu-un
en-lil
iag-ga ni-gdl)
17.
lugal
mu-.
1
Cf.
The
col. Hi.
M,
establishes,
O father EnliK?) ....

O lord, to thee.
.
thou
lord,
and the following
..
mu-md-md
an-u en an-.
en-lil e[n]
en-lil lugal
27.
28.
en-hl lugal.
gar
nu
.si
.lii
The hero makes

The lord creates,
29.
Enlil
30.
Enlil,
31.
The
is
31. sag-sar-ru
sag-ru-ru-a-hi
nu-
32. \ag-sal-dug-ga
ama
33. a-a ''en-lil \ag-sal
nin-lil-li-sii
grow
the lord ....
lord; Eniil
the
king
is
king.
does
not
[deny]
man
prince, creator of
all,
does not
32.
deny them intelligence!

Lull praise to mother Ninlil
33.
To
father Enlil praise!
art
in
thy
lord,
Enlil,
thou art brilliant;
father,
liftest
lines are supplied
up;
king of countries,
thy
5866.
lacunae in this
she
favor thou ....
might thou overthrowest.

father, lord, thou art brilliant;
the heart thou liftest up;
the heart thou
kur-[kur-ra
thou art lord.

Nunamnir comes; the maiden.
Enlil,
with the weapon
the lord
turns in brilliance he.
su mu-i[b-tag-fag]
15. a
she
clothes the weak, she.
su-[%u]'2 ~
their rest.
is
Ninlil, the exalted, gives decisions;
Ninlil the exalted thunders;.
mu-mu
ud-da nin mu-me-en-ne
14.
is
13.
in-.
gracious, to her beloved she
ni-
gur ub-gi-da
)mu-ul-lil
favor,
gracious to his beloved he

speaks.
12.
with
preserva-
their
is
26
bal-e-neis
Enlil
mu-da-ab-gii
1
(lock
speaks;
sag-sag
en-lil-li
the
she gives verdure;
da-ab-gu
d
fills
food to
8.
thou
king
gir si ...
29.
.king;
23.
nu]-nam-ner
26
mu-u]l-lil
en \a~\e
en]-lil
my
as
tion; with the hero
1.
ul-rad-du
d
[a]
father,
they have rest
ba-ni]
(iv)
O my
advancest, thou comest
im-ba-ni-in-gu[-ne-en
21. [us-as]
7.
18.
nam- ....
en-lil-H
20. us
k]u-
a-lugal[-mu-dim-ma
a-mu
hero,
41
from the corresponding
lines of

iS
9'.
[*
LXX-la
gib]il-bi
X""-""
nt
His
.sugus-urn mi-tug mi-uku
by seventy
fire
10'.
No.
5.
FRAGMENT OF AN INCANTATION
RITUAL.
12'.
.ab-ba nu-lug
.mu-im-ra-la-Mi mu-un-
14'.
[^"gibil] gd-tiir-ra
.
tablet contained four columns, but columns
Indeed few
erased.
served entire, nevertheless,
on account of the condition

at
represents
all
example of the
are entirely
the following translation, which
21'.
gibil-uru ukii-ni ....
22'.
ma
2 4 '.
.an
mu-iu dii-ri-a-ni.
.{ii-an
gii-m-ma-ma gu-ni-.
ra-am
uru-a-si mn-a urn'
the
necessarily tentative,
is
text affords
an interesting
was believed destructive
it
Such storms were frequent
in
Baby-
258, 259.
25''
g"
ge g>"'
1
-
M-U?) gu-ra ki mii-vi-a-ni
26'
a-gi-in-i
27'.
urit-a ki-rl
28'.
g\nr\
dug-ga
man(r
presented
3'.
d[ug\-dug-!il ii-ra pii-ka mu-\git\
4'.
^gtlnlV-ta Vll-la....
3'.
Words
g,s
5'.
gibil-md X-ta
XV-la
gub-ne-
On
5'.
My
life
the
fire
fire
by
by
ten.
I.
by
e-gibil
aga
X-
gu-la e
6'.
The
fifteen
he shall
x'
33'.
du
XIX.
gibil
su-ba
le
24'.
le calls,
Xam ma -ra
The
8'.
e-gibil
beloved
fire
aga mu-ul-lil
LX[X
7'.
by ten
8'.
The
of
Gula,
the
beloved of Mulil seventy
B,
We
Cf.
ga
the field
52
i"
his fire
.
lady, the
()
he whirlwind the maid captures
Turning (?) men stand
2()'.
With
....
na-sag
The
30'.
up
a cry they stoop, lifting
sheep,
O my
protector, which
thou lovest ....

ni-ib-ni-c-iie
All
31'.
gods are coming.
its
nine.
33.
'Hie
34'.
He
fire
.. .sixty-
They recognize
32'.
.\n\e
aga mu-ul-[lil
be
5889
might read wit-rug
(?) ....
SeeOBW,
28'.
ud-da gan ga-ga-ba-da
35'.
shall illuminate.
fire
raging whirlwind,
It is filled (?).
1
his people.
his foremost.
he calls.
....
(?)
they love.
it
beloved of Mulil,
recognizes
it,
the
beloved.,
he sees ....
ab-lag-
knows 2
...
up.
lift
their hands.
mu-pi-na ag mn-pad-ne
34'.
house ten ....

7'.
fire,
2)'.
place.
6'.
kindle
22'.
27'.
kindles
The protecting fire

His foremost ship
26'.
.ra-am
who
21
25'-
Mulil increases gladness.
'.
20'.
mu-iu-na ag-na
32'.
by sevens.
dingir
vigin
31'.
for thee at the well
fives,
iti-ad-dii-ni
nut-tit-vi
su-sik-
the bird thou
speak (?).
will
4'.
of
>r
.mi
ud it uru-ma ag-{u
50'.
.
nm-kur-ra-da
kal-ktil
du-ga
The.
10'.
ra-a\m
'.
>'.
the god
flood.
2()'.
'
Bel increases gladness.
(iii)
2'
gibil-ni
' s
.' :
dii-ri-a-ni
\gi-!t\
Transmigration and Translation.

(ui)
mu-rug
verily Gula.
Iire(?) shall [protect?] the fold.
am
18'.
lis fire
for thee, shall.
'7'-
''mu-ul-lil
''e-luni-e
it
fill
!<)'
iv
Reisner Sumerische Hymtien, No. 7 and Peters, Nippur
cf.
dingir me-e im-ma-a-da-gibil
18'.
In the land eight talents.

" Bel the fire will.
16'.
17'.
e-gibil
20'.
by which
ritual
ii
.neither leader nor people.
My
'S'-
mu-un-.
['c\-him
have been pre-
and
iii
of the text
the original,
storms could be averted.

lonia:
if
and
VI'll
I 1 I
gl1
16'.
V-
.shall
IT-
mu-rug-m-ni gi-Ii
gibil-iii-e-m me-e im-ma-a-us
columns
lines of
The
of great interest.
is
mi-m-ibi
12'.
.
tkum-ina
.la-sag
'.
gu-la ....
c-gibil-bi sa
This text, though fragmentary,
V-
....
>u< iiku
neither
foundation,
.protected
leader nor people.

1
he
tens
in
shall place (?)
[gub]
10'.
I,
43
YALE ORIENTAL SERIFS, BABYLONIAN TEXTS
42
made
OBW,
may
.
--
"I le
35'.
When
the
field is
favored*.
makes great."
57
here be equal to alaku.
.
he recognizes
in lines 37', 38'.
it
In thai case the rendering
the beloved he sees."
Taking
would
this
be,
"When
he comes to
value a similar change would
36'.
44
mu-iu-na ag mu-pad-ne
37'. e-dag
e-su-ma-md ga-ba-da
36'.
He knows
37'.
The
it,
dwelling
the beloved he sees
Eshumama
is
fav-
ored ....
38'.
mu-pi-na ag mu-pad-ne
38'.
He knows
No.
it,
this point the text
is
6.
the beloved he sees
PRAYER FOR THE CITY OF
A
(From
45
UR.
too broken for connected translation.)
most regrettable that
It is
From
such a fragmentary state.

translated
it
appears to be
of great clanger
and
and that
3)
is
can
that
the portions
in
he
prayer for the city of Ur at a time
distress.
seems impossible to assign
It
The hymn
with certainty to any particular period.

(No.
composition
this interesting
to Ebi-Sin (No. 7)
to
it
Dungi
show that during the period
dynasty of Ur great homage was paid the sovereigns of

It is tempting to conjecture
that citv at the temple at Nippur.
that this long composition was written during the last days of
of the
when Ur was
Ebi-Sin,
tottering to
its
The
fall.
conjecture
is
plausible, but cannot at present be confirmed.
Transliteration and Translation ol Comrlhtl: Portions

oi- the Text.
(11)
(ii)
sim
.urn-mit
11
Airii-ma nii-mc-a-rtif-a niiii?
mv
=1
dingir.
.sis-ab
u vu mr-a-hic-a
(>.
me-l{i\
"iu
the /^-bird,
whirlwind
no
command
gd-htr sir-ra-rd lid sig
sib-va kid pi-d rd
()
Cod.
.Ur no
command
trans-
gresses.
7.
gc-dug-ga-ra
8.
is
transgresses;
mu-ib-bi-bal-ra
7.
whirlwind
favorable,
sag-sag
ta-av-hal-rd
6.
mv
1'1-gi-gi
.green grass(P),
S.
Joy [from] the fold is snatched;

the storm the cow cuts off;
for the shepThe sheep god(?)
herd a bedraggled garment is
bringing;
46
"jgr ba-ne-sub
9.
9.
The
thicket
he
reeds
of

over-
10.
me-li.
.uru-ta
a-du-im
tin
10.
is borne away by the whirlwind, by the wind no tall grass
gan-ta e-e
,e
11.
from the
il-ne-dam
12
13.
i-{u-kas[kal
14.
e-gar-ra.
12.
.tu{?) iu-a-ni
.a-gar-bar
16.
Ekharra.
16.
nam-uru mu-na-kar-si-ne
'17.
land,
Its
over
18.
nin-mu nam-ma-a-dim mu-na-le
18.
O my
19.
nam-ma
19.
The
a-an mu-[na]-te
igi-ur
igi-ur-na
-gig-ni.
mu-na-kar
20.
na-ag
uru
mu-ga{?)-
21.
the
uttered
whirlwind extends
mu-ga-am-gu
24. na-ag-ga mu-gig-ga
It
23.
24.
gir
kt
forgive, ... .its
disaster
is
the
not;
the whirl-
not;
it;
26.
Thy house
27.
The servant
is
strong (urgent),
.
.
gul-
it
it
my
sad,
my
a-mu
ud-gul
sad,
father!
Now
36-37.
gig.
makes
destruction
34-35
is
an
complete
day;
evil
o'erwhelms;
disaster
en-û na-mu-
Ur
38.
verily
it
is
the temple of Enzu;
let it
not
39. be bestroyed with disaster.

40. Thy down-trodden land is inno-
dug ba-am
41.
a-su-mu a-gan-nm
O my
41.
42. gis-gi~gal ki
my
Strength,
28.
Broken he
lord
for
Brightness(P),
29. ub-sub ba-dim-in nik-ku-ta ba-ra
29.
He
has fallen;
misery
he
"mn-sd a-dim-ni mu-un-a-da-ni-
46. ni-ne-lii-dim ni-ab
is
kalam-ma
nin- gal lu
Thou
45.
am-md
thus;
a-kim in-mu-.
48. sa-dim
make
gan
47.
48. in
...
.thou
live.
it
make
live!
art strong;
46. disaster like a.
e-ba-lil
destroyed!
lady, its creator, thou wilt
iil-li
Ningal
the
....
.
.covers.
men
the
of
thou makest alive; the

the midst thus thou.
.
land
field
.
(iii)
(iii)
1
ga.
'.
gul-la ni-ne-dib-ni e-g
gd-gd-iu
im-ma-gul-la
1
.
pisan-a-
'
2'.
Thy
in his
overthrown;
uru-iu uru-kur-ra ba-ab-gar-ni

ne-hi-ni e-am-ser
3'.
he
temples are destroyed
jar that
dim ru-mu-un
prostrate.
he
44.
it
45. ub-{i-lub-ba-da gul-la
2'.
is
43.
is
protector of the land.
thee;
of thy house thou hast
lies
Equally the land
the cry
O my
protect
mu-un-ba-ni-til-li
42.
wilt
44.
Ur;
sub-gu-da-kam
has
lady appointed me.
28. ba-e-ne in-nu-u-nam
for protection,
makes
cent.
47.
dam-ba mar-
its
29 8 4
.ni-ga-nun
39. gul(?)-u-bi gig-ga-am
gathered seed
is
sis-ab '-ma ga
43. la ki
whirlwind
destroyed;
OBW,
is
it
father!
.?
is
40. hi-hib-bi-ia
come!
The house is
destroyed.
Speak!
is not;
thou has brought dis-
am-a-mu
mu-da-ge-ge
burned;
is
Verily
my
built
city,
Ishtar-
transfixes.
lady,
ra-mu
Cf.
My
sin of the city graciously wilt
is
It
25.
27. ur-ra ga-~{ i gul-la-{a
by-
great father!
submerged;
is
crushes,
36-37. a-da-al-lam
38.
upon who can
agreed
mu-a-
a-dug-ga
26. ga-ii mu-ri-iug-tug
33.,
si-ga mn-da-Ia-ba ge-e
aster!
sis-ab
we make, O
great holy house
it
lady by fate thou destroyest
Gladness there
22.
pu-gul
34-35.
it.
brought disaster!
23. nin rd ga-gul-la
25. se-ib
The
a-mu
la mu-ta-a-as-si-ur
the
wind removes
uru mu-gig-ga
forth;
grievously des-
not happen to Ur!
cakes
la-
ru-a-la ba-du mu-ia-al-
si-ur
[speaks]
thou
am-ma
22. na-ag
uru-mu
fate
The
.
21. me-li-e-a
32.
it
not raised up,
resist?
May
ga-nu-dii-a-mu
la
it.
31.
Ekharra
curse;
nam-uru
sukum "In-
ga-mm-aiag-ga bil-bil-la-mu
he has gone
field
is
father!
(?)
20.
ki
15
e-gar-ra mu-[du]g-ga al-a dug-ga
ki-ba
32.
33.
17.
his.
13
14.
75. sag-a-. ...
with
has gone forth;
goes
troyed.
tis-ab
inni bi-ni-ba pap-gal.
The sheep-god (?)
he
life
oppression he
l
31. nu-bi -rd-ab
left(?).
is
"lu.
From
30.
gig-ga
Joy
sim-gid aga
11.
guL
bul-la-a
e-ru-a-bi
30. ii-ta
throws.
47
3'.
Thy
city,
foundest,
cries out.
siezed.
pi for
bi; cf.
Barton, SBAD,
4,
iii,
7 with 6,
iii,
5.
like
smashed.
the second which thou
is
is
struck
down;
it
48
4'.
gd-iu a-igi el-ba-an-ni di-ib gar
Thy house weeps; O
4'.
speak,
49
lift it
up!
5'.
uru-pi-a-dim ru-mu-un
5'.
Like thy city
6'.
uru-pi tus-dam-ba gar-ra-â
6'.
Thy
overthrown.
it is
dwelling
the
city,
of
its
No.
lady, didst thou establish;

7'.
gu-bi-nu-rd
8'.
gd-%i
9'.
sim
la
o\
e-
s* s
al-a \u-ab gar-ra-\a
7'.
let it
not be moved!
8'.
Thy
dwelling,
9'.
As
the yoke
HYMN TO
the
of
7.
IBI-SIN.
abyss, thou didst establish
nin-mul-e-en
the lady;
1
1'.
la-ba-ab- gub-gub-â
nin-bi.
10'.
.la ba-an-tur-ri
12'.
a-igi-ne-a-ra ba-ab-gar-
13'.
ka aga-pi nu-sag-sag
1'.
The.
Its
This fragment of a
Ninmul,
a plant protected of
that in only a portion of columns
On
lines.
I2'-I3'.
her weeping thou thinkest;

is
unfavorable!
a-igi id ne-rd nu-tuk-a tar-tar im-
14'.
Heartfelt
tears
not checked; they
ba-an-ku
\j. gu-na-bi igi-û gar-ka-sig-dim
15'.
She
are
thee
with
thoughts,
16'.
dug-hi ba-ni-ib-ku
17'.
uru-{ii-sii
sd-im-ba-an-gar-m
tie-
16'.
17'.
"Unto thy
18'.
Thy
8'.
19'.
gd-{u.
.-gid
ga-ba-an-ru
iu-a-dim ru-mu-un
kt
gub-ba-e im-ba-an-garsis~ab
give
rest;
it
is
.it is
Ur was founded,
is
lished;
20'. ni
21'.
ne
.-dim ni-dib e-am-sir
gar-rad-bi ge-gub-ba pi-ra
mu-im-
Like a ....
21'.
Its ruin verily
gub
22'.
sd-pi.
ru-mu-un
23'. en-bi gig-ga-ra \u-ra
mu-tm-iU
22'.
Thy
23'.
Its
it is
caught,
it
cries out.
abounds;
for thee
abounds;
it
heart.
priest
24'.
he
25'. dam-ga-lii suslug-e kt-ag-e
25'.
The man,
is
cast
in
.is
broken;
darkness for thee
(From
nu-mu-ra-md-dim
this point the text
26'.
is
The
ited,
down; he
the priest
cries out.
whom
thou
priest does not
approach thee
too broken for connected translation.)
In
king."
series as
It is
No.
Under
king.
line
5'
of
probable
the
hymn
his rule the
perhaps, from the great Dungi, persisted, and loyal courtand priests in the language translated below addressed him
him
as a god.
in his
and with
last
compelled to think,
was nothing
we know, induce
later genera-
Nippur, to address him
of
his
dynasty,
whom
The hymn
Ur during
supplies a powerful
in
such language.
and fawning
make
memory was
queror to
his
is
his lifetime, for there
career that could, so far as
He was the
servile adulation lauded
The hymn must, one
courtiers were soon compelled to
lovest,
26'. suslug
was an inglorious
tions, in a city like
dwells
24'. ni-ne-ku-ni e-am-sir
Ibi-Sin
have been composed during
20'.
"My
belonged to the same
hymn
so broken
and v are there complete
ii
addressed as lugal-mu,
as the source of all blessings,
was estab-
it
is
shattered
smashed.
it is
extended empire built up by Dungi gradually dwindled and was

god, inherfinally overthrown, but the tradition that he was a
cries.
.verily
v he
that the
iers
house.
like thy.
19'.
up:
lifts
city
caught" she
dib e-am-sir
1
loud voice she
a portion of a large,
These portions are herewith translated.
to Dungi.
fall.
before
cries
they
flow;
is
Unfortunately
lady as protectress entered.
col.
4'.
to Ibi-Sin
finely written six-column tablet.
.thou didst found.
thy anger
hymn
the lifetime of the monarch.
and
their peace with a con-
hateful
argument
priests
for
No. 9 below).
emperor worship in
(see
50
51

(v)
(v)
(As far as
8 the text
ii,
too broken for translation.)
is
....
(ii)
9'.
col.
q'
The
ga kaskal gid
tu~lal sar
io'.
The
5
\\'
.
11'.
en-te-en e-gii-un gar-ra-ni im-ba-
The
mi-ni
12'.
the
(?)
great
3'.
ku nag gal-gal-e %u-
length
was
4'.
uku-ta sur-a im-ta-ab-.
5'.
lugal-mu pad "nannar
6'.
i-bi-
e-mes tur-ur-sag en-lil-lal-ge
12'.
7'.
tug-bar
of the garden
(?)
kaskal-gid,
cold
ened
A
nam-iil-la
1'.
My
2'.
Thou
3'.
Food and drink abundantly thou
na-'a-ib a-an gar-.
the land;
filled
it
dark-
it;
The houses
of the
young hero
e en-lil-lal
ba
13'.
The house
of
life,
15'.
sukum ''hmin-na sir-ne

hir 7iiii-.
.-hi udu gar-sag-ga
,
e-mes en-te-en-bi-ta kas-gar sag a-
Ishtar-cakes he prepared,
15'.
The
16'.
ba-ni-in-sd-sd
17'.
si
18'.
man-na-ne-ne am-gal-ul-ul-dim
sd-na ma-an-lag-gi-es
en-te-en-id sur-a
cattle
his.... lady,
of
In houses, apart
from
se
Ibi-Sin,
18'.
Strong are
like
it/,
iag-limmu
20'.
stir-
21'.
The
mil - 8'
9'.
The
The
10'.
bar-la im-ta-rd
23.
roaming
25. gar-sag en-te-en-ra
gar nig-dng-ga
r.
on the broad
From its power (?) preserves them.

Not like an enemy in hostility
duk-ki im-
12'.
furnace,
tin
lid
13'.
erim-ia
vessels
am
gar-ra
bar-
13'.
ud
14'.
a.
appointed com-
The houses my
28. gar-enbur gar-ge a-e-gal. ...
28.
Edible fruits for food the palace
gig ni-ib-ial-ial-e
brethren inhabit;
.
It is
r
OBW,
450.
The ideographic value
is
unknown, but
unknown
to
ash conjecture.
me
"man"
elsewhere, but from
its
within which
is
he pours
full
festal
pails,
full
watering 3
for
life
of
he
thy soldiers,
'4
day and night thou dost
illumine.
15'
The
is
16'.
mag-lii a-su a-a-ba
ba-gig e-mes sur ki-en-gi-ra
18'
iid-bi
seem a violent guess.
placed the sign for "fire" or "heat."
elements the meaning "comfort" does not seem a
The
tum-tum-ne
sign written
*Cf.OBW,
3
Cf.
OBW,
170 69
15
36
.
is
fortu-
His beneficent
power gives
kis
(OBW,
joy.
With his...., with majesty the

seers at his side go forth;
ni-e-me-en
.
the king
nate; great are theacclamations!
me-en
.su-ba-sii
palace of
19
.strong houses of
... .at his right (?)
Sumer
they go
as the sign consists of the
for fire within an enclosure "furnace" or "brazier" does not
This sign consists of the sign for
me-en gu-gu
su-ni dug-gi ba-ab-ul-me-en
16'.
19'
Cf.
estab-
he
exultant warrior, the enclosure
gd-e lugal kab-kab
15'.
17'.
27.
emblem
Mighty one,
gis-la-\a
gal-gal
it
27. e-mes sis-mu im-ki-ma-na-an-es
midst
the
In
ba-mu-na-tuk
For the houses

fort (?).
royalty
of
thou didst protect,
Kharsag for the cold constructed
26.
with the bright
makes abundant.
25.
le
life
out;
likir a-lal-si laker-si
12'.
His people he does not destroy.
26. e-mel-a lu-\-bil ne-in-gar
of
possession, in fullness
mighty; the four
grain, luxuriant
brilliantly he raises up;
Below favor, below food, a good
si-ba ni-sd-sd-es
24.
.X' mu-na-
is
lishes;
ki-te sag-gi ki-ta
does he come;
24. uku-bi nu-mu-un-dag-gi
power he
exalted
great god, the spirit of bright
The house
weapon
banks,
nu ne-ru-dim
in
feasts of the gods as seer he
fire,
nam-
lugal an-ni-gar-ni
walls protect thee.
es-nam-na gii-pes-a-na
ba-su-mu-n i-gdl-gdl
ku-aâg
ki
verily they advance.

is
celebrates;
e-nam-til-h
11'.
The cold-god
uras-su
dingir-ri-e-ne
u-ul-ni
10'.
heart are poured out.
22. gig-ma-a-su-ta im-mi-in-dug-ga-na 22.

23.
!' In brilliant garments, lamkbussu

garments his wife and he con-
gar-ne-ba sal sa ba ni-
dingir a-nun-a HI gibil-bar a jag
cold, drink
full
they;
e{en
the
9.
17'.
a~ia
21'.
alone.
"ig
gii
8'.
wild-oxen
19'.
..
verse;
14'.
and food with
20'.
what.
exalted one of Enlil,

6'.
en-\u su-mag-su gur-un-u-
ni-su
the temple of
sheep of Kharsag,
6'.
art exalted;
en-lil-
Enlil he built;
14'.
protector(?) ....
4- For the people as protector thou

5'- My
known of Nannar,
king,
d
i
lal
of
Enlil,
13'.
steward appointed.
tar-ri
10'.
gods
great
2'.
(iO
[dingir-dingir] gal-gal mir-gal-e
uru-mu.
1'.
377); probably likir
(OBW,
376) was intended.
52
mil
3.
epnu
nu-
nii-ub-da-tu-da
had not been

become green, 3
Land and water 4 Takku 5 had not
3.
No.
kalam-e 4-bi
5.
an-dim-ma-ai
d
tak-ku-ra temen
6.
'u{?) tm-gii(?)-a
7.
anse(f) nu-me-a-am
nu-ub-da-
4.
nu-mu-na-sig-
5.
pngad nu-ub-ra
6.
tak"-ku
NEW CREATION MYTH.
A ewe
had not bleated 6 (?), a

lamb had not been dropped 7
An ass(?) there was not to irri-
among some
then uncatalogued tablets that had just been unpacked.
numun
dug-
7.
also in
published by Langdon
in
some
1,
8.
called
well and canal'(?)
had not been
dug, 10
It
anse-ra 11 bir-a-bi nn-ub-tu-ud
and
IIorses"(?)
9,
an excel-
is
respects parallel to the
PBS, Vol. X, No.
(?)
gate 8 the seed,
pu-e x-a-bi nn-ub-tu-ud
8.
9.
belongs to the cycle of myths of which No. 4 above

is
This important text was found by the writer
It
Ezinu
of
created,
ra
lent example.
For Takku a temple-terrace had

not been filled in,
ga-as
8.
tree
born, 2 had not
ub(?)-da-an-sig-ga
4.
53
had
cattle
not
been created,
myth
by him
often means name, but the context here requires "tree"; cf. OBW, 62 s
The sign is so badly written that it may be either tiiii (OBW, 170 "grow," or lu. Hither
reading makes good sense in the context.
3
As written on the clay and blurred this sign is illegible. Some lines have to be supplied
The phonetic complement ga shows that some syllable ending in g stood here.
in imigination.
mu more
'-
"Sumerian Epic
Takku
of Paradise," etc.
Tagtug)
is
Like the
myth published by Langdon,
one of the
deities
who
figures
this
Most
interesting
one begins with an
at first read
dug but was never
fully satisfied
with
it.
sig
(OBW,
308)
is
possible
and
fits
the
context better.
many
things once
statement
its
is
Langdon
new myth.
this
in
elaborate statement of the non-existence of
upon a time.
(read by
that
kind was brought forth from the physical union of
man-
god and
The
sign e
most probable,
is
blurred on the tablet and the reading
below, however, where hi

in the
not absolutely certain, but
is
the
The instances
the postpositive conjunction, together with the nature of the things
is
immediate context that are said to be
mean "land and water."
goddess.
is
kalam-e-bi might be "his land," possibly meaning "his Sumer."
roisible reading
still
make
non-existent,
would be uku-e-bi
it
probable that kalam-e-bi
= "His
people" (takku had not
created).
5
The sign tak as
it
occurs here
with the greatest difficulty.
Langdon
"New
6
gar-sag-an-ki-bi-da-ge
1.
The
mountain
of
heaven
and
erim-an-ni dingir-dingir a-nun-
na im-tu-ne-es a-ba
1
The
in the script of this period the sign
2.
may
be either lu
(OBW,
of the great
many
gods,
as there were. 2
337) or erim
(OBW,
347).
latter suits the context here.

2
may
be the interrogative pronoun "who?", the adverb "afterward" or mala, "over

against," "in comparison with," then, "as many as there are."
Possibly we shou'd read a-ru a-ba
"wise ones."
is,
XXI, 586
The reading
ft,
git is
which
at first
took
it)
only
however, clearly the being that
For a discussion of his character and functions see the writer's article
595
in
the American Journal of
If
conjectural.
The
sign
was
partly erased by the scribe;
' is also
uncer-
Cf. OBW, 287 22 employed here of the birth of a Iamb.

OBW, 353 30 the reference is to an irrigating machine.
9
The sign seems to be OBW, 606.
The translation of
'
The assembly
entered, as
tik (for
earth
2.
here referred to
being partly chipped away.
tain,
1
Tagtug,
distinguishable from
Babylonian Material Concerning Creation and Paradise"
Theology,
Obverse.
calls
is
The god
we should read
10
For tu =
II
The
'u-e
h.aru,
pugad -hi and render " The ewe

"dig" see
ra of this line
the reading
is
"asses;"
is
if
ra
asses)
me
57
it
is
wholly conjectural.
Perhaps
lamb had not brought forth."
s
.
more like ra, but may possibly be e. If we read e

we must suppose that the reference is to "horses" and that kur
blurred;
has been accidentally omitted

ass in line 7 incline
OBW,
it
looks
The appearance of the sign on the clay and the mention of the
The line might also be rendered: " Hors;s(?) (or
to the reading ra.
had not brought forth their young."
mu
10.
e%inu
ge
1
54
lil
-sud-umuna-bi-da-
se
12.
The name
gal-gal- e-ne
nu-mu-im-(u-ta-am
ses 4 erim usu-am nu-gdl-la-
The Anunna,
se-ses
12.
23. tus-dim-ka ba-[ni]-in-ib usbar
erim eninnu-am nu-gdl-la-
13.
There was
se-kur-ra
se-id-dam-
14.
24. a-sar-sar-ra
25. ud-ba-ki sig.
lex-grain
thirty
of
26. gts-bi
im-gu-gu-ne
.e-ne-
...
no
s-grain
of
Small
mountain
grain,
iak~ku nu-ub-tu-ud
and
15.
Possessions
16.
were not,
Takku had
dwellings
18.
men
nu-il
nin-ki
en""
kal-kal nu-ub-tu-ud
ug mas tum-ma
la 6 -ba-ra e
7.
18.
nam-lu un-û 7 erim-nun-a gd H -e-
19.
ne
20. gar-ku-si 9 -bi
been
not
brought
.
nu-mu-un-û-us-am
tus-tus-bi nu-mu-un-ûus-am
usu glsgi-am-na-dur-bi mu-un-
22.
came
26.
Their plants.
4.
en-ki. ...
5.
7.
du-aiag-ga dub-ba-da dingir ...
8.
du-aiag-ga lag-ga dingir bad
9.
en-lil. ...
en-ki
n[e-.
The people with
en-lil-bi
rushes and rope
gu-a{ag-ga
last sign looks
269).
With an added
ki
on the clay clearly
like
apin
(OBW,
The last makes better sense.

we should have here the Anunaki,
55);
it
7.
Duazagga
8.
Duazagga, the
9.
im-
10.
du-aâg~ta
alsoCT, XXIII,
6
may
13.
or spirits of earth.
12
The
ki
is
how-
In the
1.
here.
7
Perhaps to be rendered: "For mankind he knew her."

For gd = alddu see OBW, 2301
For this meaning of si see OBW, 412".
.
22
f.).
surrounded,
god,
Gilgamesh epic
Probably
it is
it is
so
used of
employed
will
god.
.
flock
and Ezinu from Duazag
they cast forth,
The
His plants as food for the mother
13.
they created.
Ezinu rained on the
mu-un-na-ba-
surim amas-a-na gub-ba-ni
16.
sib
14.
The
15.
The
flock in a fold they enclosed (?)
gi-li
du-du-a
16.
e\inu el-nam-na h gub-ba-ni
Cf. B, 750.
field for
moist(?) wind and
them;
the fiery
storm-cloud he created for them;
e-ne
12.
15.
brilliant,
11.
lil-apin uras-lag-bi
amal-a
17.
flock in the fold abode;

For the shepherd of the fold joy
was abundant.
Ezinu as tall vegetation stood;
La = lalA, "splendor," "beauty," "desire" (OBW, 54*).

the female generative organ (see Haupt, Nimrodepos, p. 1,
Enlil cast a spell.
..
14.
17.
OBW,
mu-un-na-ba-
e\inu gan-e mu-un-imi^-es-ne
however, be a badly
1,2.
For en=adi, "together with," see
is
(?) for thee,
Enki and
[ga]
u-bi e-gar-ama-ra
ever wanting, so that the expression seems to be a symbol for dingir gal-gal which follows.
v
4
The grain $e-"sel
occurs in Zimmern's Ritualtafeln, 42, 26, where he renders it "Bitterkorn."
Cf.
....
.creation(?) of Enki.
Father Enlil.
e-ne
(OBW,
6.
ku2 -
lurim-e amas-a im-ma-ab-gab{?)
came,
and the following long puzzled me.

They are so written on the clay as to
appear to be one sign, and were so taken in my preliminary rendering.
It now seems better
to transliterate as above taking them for OBW, 295 and 325.
ge
Of mankind
guard
hirim s- d epnu-bi
This sign
The
ma-da-ra-.
1
Father Enlil (?)...
da-ra-ab-uru(?)
12.
formed
forth;
10.
22.
a-a
plan for them;
turn
day they were green;
6.
Clothing and dwellings he did not
.nd kar, ...
ba
were brought forth;

20. Food and sleep he did not plan for
tug-gal
that
2.
[nam] lu-ge ....
4.
Mankind he planned; many men
them
2
On
[a-a-^][-/i71
2.
Together with Ninki the lord had

not brought forth men.
Shamsah as leader came, unto her
desire 6
19.
25.
there
3.
en
the gardens they gave drink;
Reverse.
forth, a shrine not-lifted up,

7.
To
grain,
24.
a kindred
fifty
cattle-fodder, there were not,
hi- gar tus-tus-bi nu-gdl-la-am
By making a dwelling
was formed.
fold,
a%ag-ga nu-gdl-la-am
16.
23.
fold,
se-iur-lur
15.
of 2
the great gods, had
There was no
am
14.
spirit 1
not known,
am
13.
Ezinu,
of
sprout and herd,
a-nun-na s dingir
10,
55
In our text ga appears to
OBW, 481".
Cf. OBW, 449.
*OBW, 34 (imi) employed
Cf. OBW, 71
have been written
*Cf.
for
OBW,
358.
for gal.
56
!
ki-el l sig-ga 2 gi-li-gur'
8.
sub-am
18.
The
green,
it
From their field a leader arose;

The child from heaven came
to
bright
afforded
19. gan-ni-ta sag-{i* il-la-ni
19.
dumu-gdP-an-na-na rd-rd-a-ne
20.
20.
was
land
full joy.
No.
them;
21. surim
Ezinu he made to
multiply for them;
22. The whole he raised up, he appointed for them;"
23. The reed-country he appointed for
e{inu-bi pa-e mu-un-ag-ei
21.
mu-da-an-ga-i-
22. ukkin-na ib-gdl
23. kalam-ma-gi-sag-gdl
mu-da-an-
The
me 6
24.
dingir~ri-:-ne
im-sa sa-
si
24.
The
kalam-ma-ne gar mu-
25. gisgal-ma
25.
ni-ab-rug-rug uku-as
x 1 kalam-ma-ne gig H mu-un-ne-
26.
26.
Obverse.
voice of their god uttered just
27. ab-uku-ra sagar-ki us-sa-ba-as
u-mu-un mu-ne-es-ib-gdl mu-da-
2.
en-na ses-ab '-ma
3.
mu-im-me-ri-a
4.
is-bi-ur-ra
5.
sugus-bi ba-sir-ri
The
prosperity
of
man-na-ne-ne
xa^-hi
dam 10
their
land
protection.
30.
31.
Sixty
ne-ne
29.
ba-an-gub-bu-us-a
u
30. gig-bi gan ~a gar tag-me-es
its
helpers.
IX SU-SI LX
31.
1
Father,
the
to
lit.
lit
erim sa-
ma-ir'"-ge
2.
The
3.
verily
man,
lord of Ur, the hostile
he has subdued;
man
4.
Ishbi-urra, the
5.
his foundation has broken.
6.
ki-en-gi ge-ag-e
6.
"Sumer
7.
gar-din-nam ne-in-gu
7.
thus he said,
8.
sd tukundi-bi pa-ie-si uru-as-as
8.
"and quickly as
of Mair,
truly love,"
Patesi, of two(?)
cities,
ni-gar-gar-ri-en-î-en
9.
9.
dug-' en-lil-lal-ta is-bi-ur-ra
10.
10.
present (him) to you
"
According to the word of
Enlil,
Ishbi-urra,
1
lines.
words
his
Enlil,
ni-bal-e-es-a
1.
thou shalt subdue them.
12.
lii-usbar-dim uru-erim-ra
12.
Like a seer to the hostile city
13.
ba-sig mu-na-ta
13.
thou shalt hasten, thou shalt enter
14.
sd ia-e uru-na se-kak-dim
14.
And
15.
is-bi-ur-ra
15.
16.
Formerly a favorable response he
17.
The
18.
brought to naught.
Its people verily Enzu made.
Do not thou deliver the people to
be taken as equal to ardatu, "slave," "slave-girl" (B, 9831), but the context
may
ki-el
1.
oppressed,
dwelling place was their land;
The lord caused them to be; they

came into existence.
Companions were they; a man
with a wife he made them dwell
By night, by day they are set as
28.
an-gdl-li-es
dug-ga-dug-ga-ni tug-
en-lil
ga-da
They, made bricks of clay of the
27.
food increased for the people;
land for
29.
a-a
brought them danger;'
gal-as
28.
AN ORACLE FOR ISHBI-URRA, FOUNDER OF THE

DYNASTY OF ISIN.
decisions for them.
e-ne
9.
flock of
them;
gdl-.i-es
57
it,
favors the
2
literal
meaning.
OBW,
308
For gur with
this
meaning
see
OBW,
277
s
.
Cf. B, 35556
One
heaven.
6.
\-de-su gu-dug-ga ge-ge-de
7.
lul-dii-dii
tempted to think dumu-gdl a mistake for dumu-{i and render I ammuz from
The line seems to mean that children were born to them, but its exact meaning is
is
Cf.
OBW,
478*
We
''Literally "favor"; cf.

8
gig
Cf.
10
}k,
11
OBW,
Mb (OBW,
OBW,
sign
think
gan
401), hence "danger."
la-da ge-ni-ib-da-tum-
mu
478") and render "The priest of their god."
241*.
means "heaviness," precipice" (OBW,
The
but
might read
18.
uku-ba en-pi ge-ag-e-ne
19.
\a-e na-an-kin
20.
nam-masi-du-un
uku ugu-mu^-su
19.
523*.
dam,
darkness of night.
crushed,
rebellion,
destruction;
like
dam was
= nabatu
thou, his servant, like a reed
Ishbi-urra, he will not break.
returned;
obscure.
6
nu-mu-un-su'-a
many
of the characters
on the
tabiet,
is
badly formed.
It
might be
20. let
intended.
Ami,
OBW, no".
It
appears to be employed here in contrast to the

1
su=saldlu, "spoil,"
OBW,
mu naqaru, OBW,
62 a
8 10 .
them not go
to
it.
was
58
su-ni uru ki-a nam-ne-ib-sd-sd
With power the
city did not assist
the land!
22. lH ma-ir
-ge mega-ur-ri
O man
22.
24. i-de-su mar-tu kur-bi-ta
The
his
moun-
tain
25.
en-lil
26. elam
kl
d-tag-mu im-ma-\i
ki-âg mu-un-tag-gi
28.
kalam
tus-bi ge-ge-ne
29. nam-lig-ga kur-kur-ra ge-\u-iu
26.
Elam, the strong land, he over-
a-ma-ru
gu-\a-e
nam-tab-ku-se-
and lshbi-urra he raised up;
28.
The land,
The might
of
the mountains
he
He
2340 B. C.
is
dynasty of Nisin, lived about
here, as elsewhere, described as a
He was
northern Babylonia.
"man
of
not a native of
Mair,"
a city in
Nisin.
Similarly Lugalzaggisi, though king of Erech, was not a
native of that city,
but of
Umma.
The
Ishibi-urra in
oracle apparently
In order to encourage
encouraged lshbi-urra to attack Ur.
the enterprise, victories that Enlil, presumably
through former kings, has achieved over Amurru and Elam, are
cited.
and
The
text appears to
have been composed at a
later time,
states that, in consequence of the oracle Ishbi-urra's throne
was firmly established.
"The
lord of Ur, the hostile
Ibi-Sin, king of Ur,
whom
man"
of line 2
is
this text says that lshbi-urra
evidently
subdued.
This confirms the statement on the chronological tablet published
by Hilprecht (BE, XX), "Ur,
thrown;
Nisin took the kingdom."
its
dominion
rival
(?)
was over-
theory had been
that Ibi-Sin, the last king of Ur, was taken captive to Elam.
Sayce,
PSBA, XXXIV,
166,
so
this
repeats the statement on
states
without giving any
this theory
however, broken.
It
Langdon supplied "was taken," making it

the land of Elam (was taken)" {op. cit. p. 7).
authority the statement
7,
is,
verb.
shows that
XXXI,
verb.
did not shake (his)
throne.
Ishi-urra, the founder of the
On
text
dwellings he seized;
its
The tempest
30.
its
eous Inscriptions of the
27.
took;
30.
has lost
on which he bases
helper, seized;
Enlil,
29.
line
read "Ibi-Sin to
my
25.
threw,
27. la is-[bi]-ur-ra mu-un-ku-bi
5,
the basis of a text at Constantinople, which he there translates.
do it.
Formerly Amurru from
24.
XXXI,
of Mair, the hostile plotter
23. did not
23. nam-en-na-an-na-ag-e
Langdon, BE,
authority.
59
(/.
e.
all
No.
is
repeated by Clay, Miscellan-
Yale Babylonian Collection, 42.
this is erroneous.
3,
rev. 5),
The broken
must have contained
line in
Our
BE,
a different
60
12.
en-en-e bar-bar-ge-ne
sukum-a ininni-aiag-gi
si-ni-in-
12.
The
61
priests of his sanctuaries
Make holy
Ishtar-cakes,
di-[es]
13-14. g]u l -iurd'iur-rasagulmu-un-
No.
10.
15.
AN EXCERPT FROM AN EXORCISM.

that
it
an excerpt from a longer text (CBM,
is
"enjilil sib igi-\u
bar-ra-û
15.
"O
dug-p de-a kalam-ma
il-la-fu
16.
shepherd,
Enlil,
The word
was discovered
it
of blessing
me
mitted
141 52)
which
me
part of the text copied by
Some
Dr. Lutz's tablet.
Dr. Lutz has kindly per-
and interpretation of the
to see his copy
forms
17.
kur-gis-ni 2 -su hur-ne-ni-lu
of the
lines
mentary, and can be completed from
on
his.
my
I
18.
kur-ra ki-gid gis-bi gu mu-na-ab-
The
text.
5-24 of the reverse of
lines
thy eyes are
of
tablet are frag-
17.
speak!
The land
On
the inaccessible mountain, on
The mountain which
19.
and great, the prince dwells.

Like a just shepherd appoint
the command for the whole land,
20.
With bright reeds make the
ga-gd-an
19.
a-ri-sa-dim[du-a]garki-sar-ra-ge
20. gi-gi-ri-a
gu kaldm dugud-da-bi
mountain,
18.
would render the
is
distant
sur-
face of the land dark,
portion published here as follows:
life
raise up!
his strong
has been copied by Dr. H. F. Lutz.
and destruc-
tion they utter.
bright
16.
After this fragmentary text was in type,
Words
13-14.
[na-gd-gd-]ne
sag-dug in-il(?)
nig-ga-ra-ka
Offerings will
it
bring(?)
to
the
treasure-house
22.
e-uag si-di
Obverse.
kur-kur-ri sag ni-[{u x sig-gi]
l
The
1.
countries,
O prince,
thy
terror,
darkness, smites.
2-3. eên-gal-gal-ba uku-e [nam]-ge[a
d
4.
2-3.
urta-a%ag
gi-li
du-du-
4.
tum-
5.
great festivals inundate the
Enlil,
light.
holy seer-god, abundance
thou makest to abound.
a-iu
5.
1%-ab bara a\ag-ga
6.
kur-sig
gal-bi
Mightily thou enterest the deep
ma-{u
as a holy sanctuary.
x2
aâg-ki
itn-te-en-ta-
On
6.
en-ba
7.
Its
people with abundant
ug-ga mu-un-di-ni-ib-ni-e
en-lil-li
the low mountain of the
brill-
iant shrine thou restest;
im-me-ne-bi dingir-gar im-us
7.
Thou 3
art
the
protecting
god
thou exaltest;
8.
gig-bi kur-kur-ra-as
mu-un-lal
8.
Their protection for the countries
thou
9-10. mui-bi an-sag-ga 4 mu-ba
mu-
^BW,
'The
232.
up;
didst make, thoudidst complete."

2
duplicate text inserts a line between 6 and
refer to E-kur.
raisest
9-10. Their form as the horizon thou
un-til-til-ne
OBW,
7,
sukum
innini si-ne-
239.
which makes
this
and the following
line
22.
For
Emakh, the temple,
cakes
in-sa
= Hid
an-sag-ga
gil-ni = puiikkee
sami.
(M, 4017).
it
will
make.
Ishtar
62

which
tablet
tablets on
FRAGMENT OF THE SO-CALLED "LITURGY TO
and the
tablet),
will
have
the "Liturgy to Nintud on the Creation of
a designation which
to be
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.

and translated on pages 86
as
text
No. 8
versary
his
(1909),
LXI.
Texts"
in
plates
by Langdon
in
in his
in
A
the
LXV-LXVIII,
one by Radau
and
p.
19 of
the Fall of
Man,
BE, XXXI,
(1914),
Sumerian Liturgical
three, the first
Anni-
the Hilprecht
and translated by Langdon on
of Paradise, the Flood,
Of these
known.
is
Three other fragments of the
ff.
another by Langdon
third
191 3,
also previously been published:
Sumerian Epic
and a
inclined to believe
and third are
pi.
22;
Texts, 191 7,
in
the Uni-
Museum in Philadelphia, the second in the Imperial

Ottoman Museum at Constantinople. Unfortunately, even with
versity
the addition of the
new
to reconstruct the
whole text of the work.
material here presented,
it is
prism has suffered greatly from disintegration, and the other

texts so far recovered are
position
was divided into
there was a
mere fragments. The
text of this
com-
At the end of each section

colophon giving the number of the section. The
sections.
Ashmolean prism contained
eight
such
sections.
The new
XXXI;
three
and
section six, to section five of
Section four, accordingly (the
our tablet
six of
in
BE,
is
much
XXXI
section of our
first
The
unknown.
a section previously
overlap sections
text of sections
broken, but as these sections
and the Ashmolean prism, the
which are also fragmentary, the three sources supplement
lines of
one another
very satisfactory way, and
in a
make
it
possible to
restore several incomplete lines.
The nature and purpose of

Langdon {Babylonian
gave
rise to
far
from
lines,
so
Liturgies, 86) says
convincing.
where
it
mentioned
obscure.
still
"The occasion which
in
The evidence
Kesh."
Kesh
impossible
is
Surippak.
is
the composition are
the compostion appears to have been the corona-
tion of a patesi king of
Several
is
to
mentioned
make out
sections
a broken line.
later
for this
in
view
is
some broken
the meaning, but

a
patesiat
is
also
Apparently the text celebrated
some town; possibly

the founding and growth of the town, but beyond this we can
confidently affirm nothing.
We must await the recovery of the
the primitive (or very early) conditions in
whole
impossible
The Ashmolean
is
and
five
was published by Langdon
It
of his "Miscellaneous
Volume
(191 5);
pi.
have
is
Man and
preserved on a prism
is
Babylonian Liturgies, Paris,
in his
same
the writer
abandoned, when the whole text
fragmentary form of the text
nine sections,
tablet contained sections four, five,
BE.
text of
those texts.
This text contains a fragment of the text that Dr. Langdon
Woman,"
Our
in
Section five corresponds to section four of the Ashmolean
text
NINTUD."
named
which the text was written
ii.
six.
has
published herewith was the second of three
is
on each tablet.
No.
63
text.
So
far as the writer can see, there
to the creation of
man.
True, allusion
the goddess Nintu, the mother of
The
sign lu which
renders
"which";
verily
is
no allusion
in the text
several times
mankind
made
(see above,
No.
to
8).
Langdon renders "man" the present writer

cf. OBW,
289.*
Langdon renders "Like
Enkkar may man bear

Enkkar
is
a form";
was the form which
the present writer:

it
bore."
"Like
As Enkhar was a
YALE ORIENTAL SERIES, BABYLONIAN

TEXTS
64
seems clear that the comparison refers

to a place and
not to a man.
Men do not resemble places! The reading
gis= "man" in Babylonian Liturgies,
LXVII, 22 (the
place,
line is
numbered
the line omits
If g
it.
greater probability
12.
.-tar-kalam ama-su lal-a
numun
.kalam-sar u-tu
11.
gis-kir
12.
sharkalam for the mother

was raised up;
..The whole land was born; the
.
copy which contains
really stood in the text,
it
"
received
13.
..the king was born, the fate of
bar-bar-gan suslug ma-bi ag-
14.
Ebarbargan, the brilliant, as his

dwelling he made;
si-in-ga-
15.
Like Enkhar verily was the form
]as-sir-gi-dim rib-ba
16.
Its
u-tu
the land determined
tar-ri
14.
[e]
ne
kl
-dim rib-ba lu
an-tum-ma
15. [en-gar]
an enigma.
[ur-sag]-bi
16.
ama
nam-kalam-ma
lugal
13
could with
be rendered
seed of the kir-tree the garden
confessedly uncer-
is
."tree"
rather than "man
In the writer's judgment, therefore,
the nature of the text is
still
E-
11.
sar tuk-tuk
19 in his translation on p. 91!)

It is partially erased and
the other
tain.
65
it
which
ma-a
bore;
it
Ashirigi
hero, like
form,
in
mother bore;
like Nintu in form, gives
verily the
si-in-ga-am-u-tu
[nin-bi]
17.
d
[
nin-tu-dim rib-ba-ra a-
17.
Its lady,
the land abundance.
si-in-in-tug
Obverse.
im-e-ar-an-ni
gal
mu-mag
sd
mak es
bright,
it
exalts
nam-ma-ni
gal
\e\-d-nun-gdl dingir-a-nun-ge ne-
4.
un-gar-lu ne-mu
e-su-ba-im egir-gid dingir gal-gal
3-
e-an-ki-bi-da
Eanungal
of
the
ni-gar-me
Eshubaim
5-
6.
sa
e-knr ge-gal gu-ni ud-ni-ir

nin-gar-sag-ga
E-gar-sag-gal
li
î-kalam-ma
7.
8.
Ekalam
20. [gan 2 en-gar "' ur]u in-ga-am sag-
20.
To
21.
In
22.
In decisions rendered, the
bi
un
of
su-lug-ga
tum-ma
9.
e-utug-da nu-ka-as-bar nu-gd-gd
is
the
Ekharsaggal
monies;
10.
Eutug
is
its
had
decisions;
of the demon.
land;
food
dug]-ga
lu-gab*
mu-
un-ul-ul
it;
gu]d-udu gud-am-m.a R -ge
23.
for
its
who
it
shall enter?
Enkhar, to the city
who
it
shall enter?
were collected;
The
24.
The
25.
The
word
of
the gods, 6 they rejoiced;

fields,
were
the
like
sheep
an ox of the
cedars spoke;
and oxen
stall;
they were their
messengers;
kal-e-ne
25. [gan-e
field of
their heroes
it
all
[erin-e ib-ba]-ab-[an sukka]l-suk-
24.
the
they were noble; 4
si-di*-e-ne
2
23. [gan -e
he went, to the city
he went; into
m[e-e]n
a structure appointed
is
a-ba-a mu-un-su
[es-bar-kin
22.
the
he went; into
21. [sag-bi ur]-sag-ur-sag-e-ne si-mu-
Ekur abundance proclaimed; then

there was abundance;
The house of Ninkharsag is the
life
nam-ma-ni ni- pab
"The house
field
he
heaven and earth,

structure he built, to brill-
there
10.
To
in-ga z -}am
%ag-bi a-ba-a
as a sanctuary;
ki-bi-su gar
9.
19.
[gan 2
of
iance he exalted
uru in-ga-am
mu-un-su
19.
the distant future
for
The house
its
E-kalam ki-gar-ra \ag-gar-ra us-
god
the great gods blessed;

''gar-bi
el-su ba-e-i
8.
great
founded, he named;
4-
e-sar
7.
4.
3.
6.
Section
Enlil fixes its destiny as great;
tar-ri
5.
18.
[gu
the
word;
en-lil-lt
1\V kam-ma-am
18.
gud sar]-ra-[am
al-gu}.
invited
field
the oxen
all
of
them;
26. [gan-e
udu
sar-]ra-[am al-bi{?)\-
su-um (?)
land
26.
The
field
sheep,
all
strengthened
(?)
the
of them;
devoted
to
cere-
fate he established;
neither
oracles
nor
I.e.,
Langdon
Urta or Ninib;
cf.
B, 45.
reads this sign
e= "house," though
of the preceding section, perhaps

3
The
XXXI,
lacunae are supplied from
22, obv.
should be
he has copied
si-di=i'saru,
Cf. B,
Hebrew,
720 3-4.
Literally, "house."
it
like
gan
"field."
In view
e.
Langdon's Babylonian
cil. ii.
it
yasber,, "upright one," "hero."
Liturgies, pi.
LXVI, 25
ft,
and BE,
YALE ORIENTAL SERIES, BABYLONIAN

TEXTS
66
{^rnaU-ne g ufâ\.
27-
ma -gaU
Their
27.
ku] nin sag.
il
r\a-^du-iu dam^ngir-da
29.
W^"^ d^-da
30.
M
[en
r/r
-,-
,.
ki
zJzr
,
*'ilh mg
The weapon
29.
The
30
In
^.^j
the wife of the
^^^rofthe
Like E
r
Jt
which
VluSEUM
Fext Plate
hero was Ash rg
ts
as ,he
LIST OF TABLETS.
god
bore;
.
32
the
the lord, the prince
'lu^ptZof
ven, y
....
bank
were green
"
the
L.
1-3
8383
m"- un '\iU - ma
'*"'"
llZbi
rrf
3-
4-
awM
Am***
5[
'
\d
f.
0-
d
7-
M sW an-na
n[am-en
'
-WM
Wnwne
r- Jfl
Dunpae
ship.
nimgir-gal-e
^
"^-t^r
WM_ Mn
a ,*
6 Ashjrg
7.
fl
9
'
kt
S.W
.0.
am_ ma .
.,
-,
Si
""S -
* Lfe
r ,h-ba
,o.
Its
m-am.uM
n ffi
Lv
7
8
This
is
the
first line
12.
gub-ba
suppIied from
of section
7KX4X1K
Ritual.
13,14
2302
7
15-17
18,19
20
2204+
2270+
'
9X4XX1M
^ whi e h
Prayer for the City of Ur.
8310
AX4%x\H
l
5X2HX1K
3HX2AX1 A
14005
7772
A Hymn
to Ibi-Sin.
Creation iMyth.
An
Oracle for lshbiurra, Foun-
der of the Dynasty of Nisin.

10
the
made
83'7
8384
21
22,23
3HX2HX1H
An Excerpt from
5*4X234x1 A
Fragment
of
2AX2HXH
12
23
2225
Fragment
of a
like
Ashir e
mother
bL
in
be 7,
Section
form
'- *
frr
abundance.
in
6.
Euddimkigalla stands.*
22 - rev
- d *- ^-* tiahyhnian
with which the next tablet began.
an Exorcism.
the
So-called
"Liturgy to Nintud."
the land
s:;rL x vn:
he""'
"**
k-
7 lkam]-ma-am
13. [e-ud-dim-ki-galhla
"932
the lord-
'
6y2 XA Ax\yi
065
'l975'
^ ^^^
of th* p,ain
i;
th e
7X53/8X1H
9205
heaven and
the her0j the dwdljng
^-s
12
verily .he
-i^-"-
12. []
in
Foundation cylinder containing an incantation.

An Old Babylonian Oracle.
A Hymn to Dungi.
A Myth of Enlil and Ninlil.
Fragmentf of an Incantation
T*.
3yiX2HxH
8322
4
5^7
8-1
c.
nar.
^-iir-e ,-J, m
The ; use of the Wlld goat and

ram occupied the bank
<. h-,n\-
"
the Patesi,
a ve
ZZ
Wm
j-
for
Dimmi steward
mu-da-an-til. ...
s.
shall enter?
edin-na
ho
NintUf the great mother
.'
.,'
Md
they were nobleNinkharsag, uni qu ;
3.
,flWa te. to [wM _ MM
P a-te-n-ge
B.
' The
^, aWa]
,
D.
Reverse.
'
Nature of Contents
Dimensions
Number
67
filled;
28.
"\-
[L/r-5^,
32.
pi-
on
fig-trees
boat
gli
28.
.,
*
f
The thickness
The fragment
is
is
always measured at the thickest part of the tablet,

irregular.
These are its greatest measurements.
Hymn
to
Nan-
AUTOGRAPHED TEXTS
PLATE
Cot.
I.
CL.
II
Col. hi.
Col.
IV.
Col, v.
COL.. VI.
Col. VII.
Col. VIII.
PLATE
II
CONTINUED
COMX.
C- X.
COL.
COL. X
y.i.
Col. %IV.
II.
Col, XV.
-<?fr?*
Z2L
tefl^
*
ffl" ?
JL_lHi^f ?f
S
frfi
/T
-^r*
^Tj>>
&I^<T
^f^
^t^S
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*---*
5^
%$W
0s^n^|f
~TT
^Fi
ylbj<f
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^^ W
IF
^KfSj^ Iqr
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cqcr
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*$&
Jp>
r>rf?
!fiJV/
j-^
1^7^^ T^^TfF m*$y& I^T^^t^

v
%-i(imx$k&
-#
PLATE
CONTINUED
COL.XVII.
COL. XVI.
Coi.
COU.XIX.
XVIII.
f~
-4^3
[ffrM*
Jl
$$M
mm
tf
y.
/t\\
fc^
'-4^W f VJW
frîi>
011
si
mm
Tf
vx
'^ti
III
PLATE
REVERSE
v^-r^^r
IV
PLATE V
Cow.
II.
^
tff
#3 t^
>^W-< tt
*0_
^ HJ t$H#rte$t^
-
70
t-^Y
f^Y
_b~4^-
j^^
rs
^ *^
fe^
y^
x^
W^^P^Tr JE3
i^
jh h^ ^%ezi;lî
so
5^ i^^
set
^f-
25
tiff
30
5jf\
PT
T*5y
*-^r
/f
PLATE
VI
CONTINUED
10
^4-S'
U WP7
r^rsiTf
15
*j*-j_
-#c
*%>
<^
-^^
gfr^f
^r
^^f ^^-
S #=^" 420
ff^f ffi? jgft>
1<
^^^ff^TTTj
1
PLATE
VII
CONTINUED
?0
K 4r* 4-lf
i#^
ti
t^-i
a^. jr
25
Tf
^f-^g
-*f-
uf
taff
4#-$==_
^~
5%/^cr
4^
25
~~
^^f^m^ sunn
s^r
30
iPf
|gtr
30
fc
WiH
fc>
^KYf
<l
55
iPLATE
VIII
F^y
to
15
so
2S
90
95
PLATE
IX
CONTI N U ED
^f<[
^^^ ^^ & ^ -^ ^^
tr^
^-
JB^. Jtk-
W
77
$pfc
^ tH
-4
*r
^?
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fcfeT
->
^4
*fr
4i -4-
r^7
41
JF
tir
ta?
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TT
^?
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3
iff-'
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'4- t^X 1T.T

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*-
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fcfrT
fr
'Ft-
25
^^
î
so
^ n%
T^jrr
_<
15
1-
<F
'!
4'ff-r
y
*r
ifr^
^fe
PLATE X
CONTINUED
COL.
III.
&i
-Tf^
tT
<rT< ImT
<T, >&i
<tiK truT
h&
4-JL?
'Wf=^
^4 ^ ^ '"fell
tW
m 4<
(
b^;^
7J--
j^JTT^ ^4 UF-&&
t
if
tf
^ ^ ^Pf ^
$
a?
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tt
Tf
tf
i=T
t>
^r
Tfe-i
*r
'<$3,
^Tlfr^
^ ^
fe>
3tA
s</
^^
v
35'
wft4FJ
tef
IT?
Tf
#>
gr
'
^>
w^
4fcf
ri
^.
^|
{&-
m^^t/
w-r
PLATE Xf
CONTINUED
COL.
WT 4^
ztaM
>^
IV.
tZZIZZZUr
^ -fy*^
... ^<f j
f=ff
^f^
>].
4^>
tfff
20
î
iff
^^^
^f~
i*H
<
IB rC
jgp-
a^g?
75
30
13
fcp^
fe?
t^r ^Tfcfef
Bug
t^fcj
PLATE
/SV
/^^ ^ ^
"aw
bh
>*-
-/*?
**
^^
\f\ P^ hZJ
T w^-i Mir
few
iffi?-f
Sdr &>
fa
w^.
fy
XII
-^ A
jtj l~*~y
&= ^r^Hl
x
20
iSî 1^ t^ t^
tM
^7 Et$ ^^ ^j X^ ZT
^^
T
B4
tew s#j
felfeifcit^fcr
tiM
^w
<î m
^-
tjr
î <t^?
>)
^JS\
TO
PLATE
COL.
COL.
I.
XIII
II.
P^"
W C
^f
*f-
4-BI
^T
10'
LT
tap-
^ jgfe
ISe^
w-H
TF
&^f
^T
iff
<f $ykti^ ^//^/j
^ 4^
4&
40'
45?
"
fef-
*-#> ^fi
fer
^^ ^
PLATE XIV
CONTINUED
^T^^te&T"E&%-l#TfW^
KfcfCsfe^ctfdlSJi
IT
Sir
140 ^P
^JtiS?
J^
s?
^ cm
ts
50
b> lk Hr^ ^sr ^3^
"^
""""^
at/
35
s/
*d
S^ ^
tef
**-
In-
tef
PLATE XV
ee>t_.
i.
%*
5d
^ ^ #t
^ taw ^^t^n-^^^
^
jhb ^r t^
t^p
3i * -g ^rtcMfrn^L^sgH
<t#fc
fe#
Yf
fc^r
34 Of>
4* -fit
^- i-
^
t*
4& a^j^
TEH fS
PLATE XVI
CONTI N UED
lg{
id
f^<
^ 4^S
tfffi&ESp
n
fe sm
fea
^7
&
4"4
/or..
K<
W &H-
TIE?
t>
w tu
lie >^<
W~% V<^ It/^.^
:><i
^>
^ ^^
^^te^
^f
^ W ^ %>
M K ^-4
TT
15
^
20
^7
(M'
^ ^N
3H 4*&
PLATE XVII
COl.
-#
/Sfcj H?
# TeJ 0
CONTI N U ED
Vi
te
'^
^4
\t
tin
tt7
^grfc^fr
jzH
'- /
4''-
u-^
liii
^li^T
":Ti-^-
COL.
V.
ir>._
am
tt^[
rf
tf--
aMTT
4HF-
laK
n^r T!\
tT
^T I.
>.t
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4M^f ar
<
ic%=j
'
-1
a^-
-r
ft;
7
IV
l 4F
nt -^
1
fe
inttf ba-Mîif isr-?tsj^
rf
0'
PLATE XV1H
OBVERSE
OT
^ ^ fM
Tf
fc# T5et 7?
^^4^
St
H^
J=<
TTf
<J>
wt- >
^ '^> ^
m
to
v^-Tf4m--4
15
Br
ff
Ifl
*-
4#r
^p
bfcfr
*-'
-^
HH
f w for tir|
JW
t3
$>
Nf-^ ^M^f ^TTf
^&
xfer
s~ &-
tg(
Omtt, mfstak* a/ ncrfba.
say
4fT
^W
^*^-
Tf^h
PLATE XIX
CONTINUED
REVERSE
,j*=i
3T
;s
m^^
tt
tq a
<r
25
x<
^f
^^
7^4-T
if
i^f
t&tf
tm
Crasure.
^- ^r &-
%ffi ff
PLATE XX
Tf
#e
TF
w^
Ai
t=r
*#
^H
|sf
"fc
g*f?
^f
^<
^ frig $
^tT J&
#p~
>-
IT
Erasure.
t& tt
xi>
-*<^
t^T
-yt
;o
>fi^
&f
5tf
fe^
.^
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k&-*
^?j\Mff
^/
^
^rf
>./.-
"
i-4r_T
,-4
^^
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felff^
-^;'(
4U
j,
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P0
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v^;
25
>-4'r
tf-
^1
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;vt:i
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^ ^^
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*B& %#
I?
^1
^^
Tf
aS ^ 4
s^: ^f J
'^ fcg^f ^ -i^f
ttf
ts^l
.'
PLATE XXI
10
t=f
<fefe
^> ^ ^
î
10
^-<
^p**
v-^4
t^-
tit1
:Y
^=J
jbd &e
^ <^ ^
fen
Htearta.
rs
20
4-
^^
âif.
^^
*=4>
l__
^^ 4^m ^ ^
PLATE XXII
11
OBVERSE
10
21
***** ta-tsSrlS^ *
wit
*r
o^T^^^ ^^
PLATE XXIII
CONTINUED
>At
'\
,<{
fe.-^L
H'fH
t
1
^'"-
i*~~j2?*~~i i"~-*~\
Lfi
12
Col.
^TJr^f^wjij;^
,'p--i
c:
^^^xi^fk^CH
.Vfr
stM
m t Mil
y .w* 4ri.mn^j
i
'
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^^
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,ii{f
i-^,
f4^<t-
-1
ff
t|f> tl t
't|>
lijf^
>T1
ii.
>irJ;p^ f4:
'IT
l^rl
PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTIONS
PLATE XXIV
No.
i,
columns
i-vi
PLATE XXV
No.
columns
PLATE XXVI
vo.
i,
columns ix-xv
PLATE XXVII
No.
i,
columns xiv-xix
PLATE XXVIII
No.
i,
columns
xviii, xix
and
i-iii
PLATE XXIX
L\
a.
u
>
m
is
13
r-
set , Ee
.,
n& en
PLATE XXX
No.
3,
obverse
PLATE XXXI
^
I
So
'^^
w *W
*
r*7
J*
r
:
"V,
#5*
s2
mrsr***
*.
'-.- ft~.',, . ,*>'''

,
rroa? UpqpfcSftl
*u
Kg /;
USE) r^s=>
*^< "^
-rJ
/
^
iP
..'*
No.
;.
reverse
*.:
PLATE XXXI
No.
4,
obverse
PLATE XXXI
No.
4,
reverse
PLATE XXXIV
No.
7,
obverse
PLATE XXXV
No.
7,
reverse
PLATE XXXVI
No.
8,
obverse
PLATE XXXVII
No.
8,
reverse
PLATE XXXVIII
U
0)
u
>
u
u
fl
tc
u
>
m
o
PLATE XXXIX
No.
1 ,
obverse
PLATE XL
No.
reverse
PLATE XLI
CORRECTIONS
PLATE
$$
ty^for
VIII, 15. Read
Y_
25 Read
.
7^',
/or
PLATE IX,", A? Read^f for ^tf

PLATE X ,3.R Bad jgT,^- J- t5fl\
5. flaad
TF
3 i. Road
>Ip-~
for
\^\SP'.
^.^ 44 ^
PLATE
XVIII
PLATE
XXI, ,,.
.
/?
Tf
/or
ffearf
20.
Read
ffead
/or
^ty i^
yt
l-^
for
$Jt=T.
g.
tff
/or
f/
^ ^^-
J.
Mistake of scribe for
J^r-^fL.

Miscellaneous Babylonian Inscriptions - 5

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Judul Asli

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Miscellaneous Babylonian Inscriptions - 5

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Hak Cipta:

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.

31, line 16, for im-ku-da read im-zi-id.

33, line 31, for

Line 35, for *f read

"the" read "The."

34, line 7, for

58, line 11, for

"Ishi-urra" read "Ishbi-urra."

"Enkkar" read "Enkhar,"

BRYN MAWR COLLEGE

YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS

First published, August, 191 8.

SUMERIAN RELIGIOUS TEXTS

volume have been copied from tablets

Museum, Philadelphia, and edited in

present considerable variety.

from a foundation cylinder of the time of the dynasty of Agade.

No. 8 contains a new account

the development of agriculture and

No. 9 is an oracle of Ishbiurra, founder of the dynasty

any unilingual Sumerian

state of our knowledge, largely tentative.

Every one familiar

with the language knows that every text presents

cannot hope to have thought of

indebted to Professor Albert T. Clay, to

Professor Morris Jastrow,

and to Dr. Stephen Langdon

edge of the religious texts of Babylonia, generously placed at

His thanks are

for helpful criticisms of the

also grateful to the authorities of the University

the privilege of copying the tablets, and to Dr.

George B. Gordon, the Director of the Museum,

deeply grateful to Mr. Harold Peirce whose aid

The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures.

Beitrage zur Assyrtologie, edited by Delitzsch and Haupt.

Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets,

Journal of the American Oriental Society.

Barton: The Origin and Development

The University Museum,

tions of the Babylonian Section.

Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, London.

MYTH OF ENLIL AND NINLIL

PRAYER FOR THE CITY OF UR

THE OLDEST RELIGIOUS TEXT FROM BABYLONIA.

the basement of the

was apparently broken when found,

text pieced together

Parts of nineteen columns of writing

ened them together.

Not more than one whole column

The Museum attendant afterwards

Museum until after

only proper names beside those of deities that can be identified

sentences, which, perhaps, contained the

and certainly indicated the occasion

clusion that the writer has reached

cannot be too strongly emphasized that

the interpretation offered below

however, that the inscrip-

as a foundation cylinder at a time

YALE ORIENTAL SERIES, BABYLONIAN TEXTS