African dealers kidnapped

people from the village.

Most important reasons for slaves

dying aboard the slave ships

It has been known that the slavers

were attacked with pistols and
threatened to kill those who
did not obey.
On the African coast, African
dealer and African chiefs enslaved
African people who were then
separated from their families;
bought by European traders
for goods.
African Rulers used them as
properties as they didnt own
any other land.

Main disease was known to be

epidemics of small pox.

Starvation- food storage ran low, slaves that

were sick or not expected to survive the voyage
would not be given food.

AFRICAN
SLAVES

Diseases- another important reason for deaths

among the slaves. Overcrowded slave decks
with lack of clean water and bad sanitation
caused diseases to spread like wildfire where
many died along the voyage.

Cotton plantation require tropical climate/toil

hence why the growth of this crop began to
spread across America to the South.

Some refused to eat and starved

to death.
THE MIDDLE
PASSAGE

Some suicides were slaves jumping

overboard or if driven mad by the
claustrophobic misery experience
while on the ship and taken away
from their homeland, they would
be thrown or beaten.

COTTON

In Central America, most enslaved Africans

were woodcutters; on some Caribbean
islands, a majority of slaves lived on small
mixed agricultural holdings; on the Bahamas,
cotton cultivation was important for some
decades.

Raw cotton were traded to Liverpool from American

cotton plantation, as it was Britians largest import.

Wales produced most of the metal

work and bars of metal were
exchanged for slaves in Africa
Africans considered metal as
precious along with beads and
other goods including guns,
textiles alchohol etc.

METAL & IRON

GOODS

SUGAR

Coffee was the major secondary crop,

which employed sizable numbers on
some Caribbean islands, few areas in
North America and South America.

Sugar from the Carribean to Europe

or New England in the liquid form
Molasses a by-product of the sugar
refining process were distilled into rum.
New England traders shipped the
rum in exchange for African slaves.

The major crop was Sugar mainly

sourced from numerous Sugar
plantation mostly throughout
the Carribean and America.
Europe was the main
consumer of sugar.
The main source of slave labour
was from Africans where the
dominate experience was in
Sugar plantation.

BEER, RUM
& BRANDY

COFFEE

The production of rum was considered

best in New England, very efficient and
profitable, therefore cheaper else where
but inefficent.
Majority of African slaves were
taken to Carribean colonies and
South America.

Guns were purchased by Africans

from Europeans which made it
easier to capture people.
This increased the capture rate of
african slaves being sold to
Europeans for other goods not

TOBACCO

GUNS &
GUN POWDER

Africans traded slaves for the

processed tobacco and other
luxuries such as sugar, rum and
cotton etc.

Even though Gunpowder was made in

Bristol, Birmingham was the largest
gun-producing town in Britian.

An English Politcian who became the

voice of the abolition slavery in Parliament.

Cotton was important for the

proccess and production of Cloth.

In 1783, he met James Ramsay and,

for the first time, discussed slavery.

Born on 24th August 1759 in Hull.

Evangelical Christianity- him and

his evangelical friends were
nicknamed the Saints by upper
class and won widespread respect.

Born into a wealthy merchant family.

Enrolled in Cambridge University.
Friends with William Pitt who was
the future Prime minister.
At age 21 was elected to Parliament in
Hull later to be representing Yorkshire.

Virginia specialised in the cultivation

of lucrative crops such as tobacco in
which Bristol relied on for their
processing centre.

WILLIAM
WILBERFORCE
(1759 -1833)

In early 1787, Thomas Clarkson

called upon Wilberforce with a
copy of his Essay on Slavery.
Married Barbara Spooner, also
an evangelical Christian.

CLOTH

Lancashire was ideal for production

area because of the damp climate
where the cotton fibres were less
likely to snap during spinning.
Bristol traded woollen cloth along
with other goods to Africa for slaves
and they were produced locally.

However, this was not a vote to abolish

slavery as a whole throughout the Empire,
just the trade in enslaved people.

The first time a bill was introduced,

Wilberforce lost the debate by 163
votes to 88 but he never gave up.

Finally on 25th March, 1807, the

Abolition of the Slave Trade Act
abolished the Slave Trade in the
British colonies. It was carried
by 267 votes.
The Abolition of the Slave Trade
Act abolished the Slave Trade in
the British colonies.

In 1821 he requested that Thomas

FowellBuxton take over the leadership
of the campaign in the Commons and
resigned his parliamentary seat in 1824,
after a serious illness.

THE SLAVERY
ABOLITION BILL

On the 26th July, 1833, the Abolition of

Slavery bill passed its third reading in the
House of Commons.

Three days later on the 29th July,

William Wilberforce died.

Since sugar estates was major, Coffee

plantations tended to be smaller and,
because of their highland locations,
were more isolated.

Sugar was used to sweeten the harvested

coffee crop. There was an inadequate
climate in Europe so they wouldnt
have been able to grow coffee bushes,
hence why the beans or leaves was sold
and shipped to England.