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Author Biographies
Allen J. Bard was born in New York City on December 18, 1933. He attended
The City College of the College of New York (B.S., 1955) and Harvard University (M.A., 1956, PhD., 1958). Dr. Bard joined the faculty at The University
of Texas at Austin in 1958. He has been the Hackerman-Welch Regents Chair
in Chemistry at UT since 1985. He has worked as mentor and collaborator with
over 80 PhD students, 17 M.S. students, over 150 postdoctoral associates, and
numerous visiting scientists. He has published over 900 peer-reviewed research
papers, 75 book chapters and other publications, authored 3 books and has
received over 23 patents. He served as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of the
American Chemical Society 19822001. His research interests involve the application of electrochemical methods to the study of chemical problems and
include investigations in scanning electrochemical microscopy, electrogenerated chemiluminescence and photoelectrochemistry.
Peter Bogdano received his PhD in physical chemistry at the MaxVolmer-Institute for Biophysical and Physical Chemistry of the Technical
University Berlin. During his PhD work, he investigated vectorial electron
transfer processes and the proton-stoichiometry during the photosynthesis at
thylakoid membranes. In 1991 he joined the Department Solar Energetics at
the former Hahn-Meitner-Institute in Berlin as a postdoctoral research fellow,
and since 1998 he has been the head of the Electrochemistry and Photoelectrocatalysis research group, which is working on new materials and material
combinations for energy conversion in (photo)electrocatalytic processes. One
his main tasks has been the development and investigation of novel electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction, especially those based on transition-metal N4
chelate centres, and their application in PEM fuel cells. Following foundation
of Institute for Solar Fuels at the Helmholtz-Centre Berlin for Materials and

RSC Energy and Environment Series No. 9

Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Materials, Processes and Architectures
Edited by Hans-Joachim Lewerenz and Laurence Peter
r The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013
Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, www.rsc.org

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Energy in 2010, his research focus has changed to non-noble metal oxides and
suldes as electrocatalysts for light-driven splitting.
David J. Boston is a senior PhD student at the University of Texas at Arlington
and works with Fred MacDonnell on the photochemical reduction of carbon
dioxide using ruthenium polypyridyl complexes. He received his B.S. in
chemistry from Iowa State University in 2006, where he received the Plagens
Research Stipend.
Ramon Collazo is Assistant Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at
North Carolina State University in Raleigh. He has worked on the growth and
characterization of wide band gap semiconductor thin lms, especially nitrides
and diamond, for the past 15 years. He has been particularly involved in developing a process for controlling the polarity in III-nitrides to develop lateral
polarity homojunctions along with their application to the rst lateral p/n
junction. Additionally, he has been involved in the development of AlN bulk
single crystal substrates, their surface preparation, and further epitaxial thin
lm deposition for optoelectronics and power device applications. Some of his
current research interests are: III-N wide band gap semiconductors and control
of their point defects, polar materials, optical characterization and non-linear
optics. He was awarded the Facundo Bueso Medal for Physics and has
authored over 100 publications in peer-reviewed journals. He has also been
awarded several patents and given presentations at national and international
conferences.
Nikolaus Dietz is a Professor of Physics at Georgia State University in Atlanta.
His areas of expertise include: radiation interactions with matter; the growth,
materials property analysis and defect characterization of photovoltaic group
II-VI and I-III-VI2 compound semiconductors, e.g. CdMnTe, CuInS2,
ZnGeP2; the epitaxial thin lm growth of group III-phosphide and group IIInitride compound semiconductors by chemical beam epitaxy, low-pressure and
superatmospheric CVD and plasma-assisted MOCVD and their physical
properties characterization; the real-time optical thin-lm growth diagnostic
and process control; and the characterization of linear/nonlinear optical materials properties. Present research focuses on the development and exploration
of new approaches for the fabrication of ternary and quaternary group IIInitrides/phosphides heterostructures of relevance in nanophotonics, optoelectronics, high-ecient photovoltaics, and photocatalytic devices. Dr. Dietz
holds several patents and has published more than 140 papers in peer-reviewed
journals as well a number of book chapters.
Kazunari Domen received his BSc (1976), MSc (1979), and PhD (1982) in
chemistry from the University of Tokyo. He joined the Chemical Resources
Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1982 as Assistant Professor and
was subsequently promoted to Associate Professor in 1990 and Professor in
1996 before moving to the University of Tokyo as Professor in 2004. Professor

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Domen works on heterogeneous water-splitting photocatalysts for generation

of clean and recyclable hydrogen. In 1980, he reported the discovery of a NiOSrTiO3 photocatalyst for the overall water splitting reaction one of the
earliest examples of stoichiometric H2 and O2 evolution on a particulate system. In 2005, he succeeded in achieving overall water splitting under visible
light (400 nmolo500 nm) using a GaN:ZnO solid solution photocatalyst. His
research interests now include heterogeneous catalysis and materials chemistry,
with particular focus on surface chemical reaction dynamics, photocatalysis,
solid acid catalysis, and mesoporous materials.
Sebastian Fiechter studied materials science at the Crystallographic Institute of
the Albert-Ludwig-University Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany). In 1983 he
joined the group of Helmut Tributsch at the Hahn-Meitner-Institute in Berlin,
where he developed new photoactive and photoelectrocatalytic materials. In
the past 15 years he has been involved in the preparation and electrochemical
characterization of electrocatalysts for fuel cells and photovoltaic hybrid
electrolysers. Together with Peter Bogdano, he developed carbon-supported
selenium-modied ruthenium catalysts and later porphyrin-based oxygen reduction catalysts, where catalytically-active Fe-Nx and Co-Nx centres are embedded in graphene nano-sheets. In 2011, he was appointed honorary Professor
at the Technical University Berlin. Between 2008 and 2012, he was acting
director of the newly-founded Institute for Solar Fuels at the Helmholtz-Centre
Berlin for Materials and Energy and was appointed Deputy Director in 2012.
As a principle investigator of the project Nanostructured Materials for the
Light-induced water Splitting, his activities are now focused on the realization
of water splitting membranes where non-noble metal oxides and suldes act as
electrocatalysts integrated in PV thin lm structures to split water into
hydrogen and oxygen.
Michael Gratzel is Professor at the Ecole Polytechnique de Lausanne
Switzerland, where he directs the Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces. He
pioneered the use of mesoscopic materials in energy conversion systems, in
particular photovoltaic cells, lithium ion batteries and photo-electrochemical
devices for the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen by sunlight. He also
discovered a new type of solar cell based on dye sensitized nanocrystalline oxide
lms. Author of over 900 publications, two books and inventor of more than 50
patents, his work has been cited over 88,000 times (h-index 138) making him
one of the 10 most cited chemists in the world.
Thomas Hannappel was appointed in 2011 a W3 full professor (physics) in
the Photovoltaics Department of the University of Technology in Ilmenau.
He is also scientic director of the solar center at the CiS research institute in
Erfurt, Germany. Before, he was provisional head of the Materials for
Photovoltaics Institute at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin and lecturer at the
Free University Berlin, where he received his doctorate in 2005. He obtained his
PhD in Physics at the Technical University Berlin with studies on ultrafast

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Author Biographies

dynamics of photo-induced charge carrier separation in dye solar cells, work

performed at Fritz-Haber-Institute Berlin. In 2003/04 he conducted research on
silicon/III-V-interfaces at NREL. His current investigations are focused on
high-performance solar cells and critical interfaces and he is a key player in the
elds of solar energy conversion and reactions of critical semiconductor
interfaces including silicon/ and germanium/III-V-interfaces, and nano- and
quantum-structures.
Anders Hellman received his PhD in theoretical physics in 2003 from University
of Gothenburg, Sweden. Since then he has worked on various topics related to
surface science, heterogeneous catalysis and materials for energy harvesting at
research centers, such as, Haldor Topse A/S and the Center of Individual
Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF), Denmark. He is currently an associate
professor at Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden,
where he is also associated with the Competence Centre for Catalysis. His research interests range from automotive catalysis to plasmon-assisted water
oxidation, where he has used several dierent computational methods, such as,
density functional theory calculations, molecular dynamics, Monte-Carlo
techniques, micro-kinetic models and nite dierence time domain methods to
understand the fundamental physics behind the observed phenomena. His research portfolio includes charge transfer and non-adiabaticity in surface reaction, ammonia synthesis, CO and methane oxidation, thin oxides supported
on metals, and photoelectrochemical studies of water oxidation.
Kai-Ling Huang is currently a doctoral student at the University of Texas at
Arlington since 2010. She works with Fred MacDonnell on the development of
ruthenium polypyridyl complexes as potential photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction. Kai-Ling completed a Bachelors Degree in Chemistry from
National Taiwan University, Taiwan and continued her education with a
Masters Degree in Catalysis, Molecular and Green Chemistry at Universite de
Rennes, France.
Heung Chan Lee obtained his BSc and MS degree at Korea University under the
supervision of Keon Kim. He synthesized and modied polymer electrolyte
membranes, and performed electrochemical evaluations for fuel cell application.
He carried out his PhD studies at The University of Iowa under the supervision
of Johna Leddy. Heung Chan Lee investigated magnetic eld eects in electrochemical systems including heterogeneous and homogeneous electron transfer
rates in magnetite composite modied semiconductor electrodes. During his
PhD, he won three awards including the Jakobsen conference award in 2010. In
2011, he joined Allen J. Bards group at the University of Texas at Austin and
worked on new metal oxide semiconductors for photoelectrochemical energy
conversion systems using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). In 2011
he was awarded an Oronzio and Niccolo` De Nora Postdoctoral Fellowship
in Electrochemistry for his research proposal, Developing new oxide semiconductors for solar energy conversion systems.

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Chanelle Jumper is a current PhD student in the Scholes group at the University
of Toronto, Canada. She is studying ultrafast dynamics of energy transfer in
photosynthetic proteins, as well as model molecular systems. This work is
aimed at understanding the physics involved in energy transfer processes for
applications related to solar cell development.
Marc T.M. Koper is Professor of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis at Leiden
University, The Netherlands. He received his PhD degree (1994) from Utrecht
University (The Netherlands) in the eld of electrochemistry. He was an EU
Marie Curie postdoctoral fellow at the University of Ulm (Germany) and a
Fellow of Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) at
Eindhoven University of Technology, before moving to Leiden in 2005. He has
also been a visiting professor at Hokkaido University (Japan). His research
interests are in fundamental studies of electrochemical and electrocatalytic
processes through a combination of experimental and theoretical investigations. His group combines well-dened often single-crystalline electrodes
with spectroscopic techniques to study electrocatalytic reactions of importance
for energy and environmental issues, such as hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, and nitrate reduction.
His theoretical work includes theories of charge transfer reactions in condensed
media and rst-principles density-functional theory calculations of electrode
surfaces.
Kevin C. Leonard is currently a postdoctoral research fellow in the Chemistry
and Biochemistry Department at the University of Texas at Austin. He has a
BS in Chemical Engineering and Applied Mathematics and an MS and PhD in
Materials Science from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Dr. Leonards
research interests include materials for renewable energy storage and characterization of these materials utilizing scanning electrochemical microscopy. He
was awarded the 2012 Oronzio and Niccolo` De Nora Foundation Fellowship
in Electrochemistry.
Hans-Joachim Lewerenz is currently Department Head of the Joint Center for
Articial Photosynthesis at the California Institute of Technology and Deputy
Director of the Solar Fuel Institute at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin. His research interests encompass photoelectrochemistry, solar energy conversion and
surface science of semiconductors. He received his doctorate from the Technical University of Berlin (TUB) in 1978 with a thesis on photoemission into
electrolytes, performed at the Fritz-Haber-Institute. After a two year postdoctoral stay at Bell Labs working on photoelectrochemical solar cells, he
moved to the Brown Boveri Research Center in Switzerland before returning to
Berlin to where he habilitated in physics at TUB and become group leader at
the Hahn-Meitner-Institute. He was appointed as professor for physics at TUB
and Head of the Department Interfaces at HMI in 1994. He has been guest
professor at the Brandenburgisch Technical University Cottbus and visiting/
adjunct professor at North Carolina State University. Professor Lewerenz has

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published over 260 articles and 4 books and has authored 20 patents. He
recently became editor of Springer Briefs for Physics.
Nathan S. Lewis is Professor of Chemistry at the California Institute of
Technology since 1991. Since 2010 he has served as Principal Investigator of the
Joint Center for Articial Photosynthesis, the DOEs Energy Innovation Hub
in Fuels from Sunlight, and since 1992 the Beckman Institute Molecular Materials Resource Center. His research interests include articial photosynthesis
and electronic noses. He continues to study ways to harness sunlight and
generate chemical fuel by splitting water to generate hydrogen. He is developing
the electronic nose, which consists of chemically sensitive conducting polymer
lm capable of detecting and quantifying a broad variety of analytes. Technical
details focus on light-induced electron transfer reactions, both at surfaces and
in transition metal complexes, surface chemistry and photochemistry of semiconductor/liquid interfaces, novel uses of conducting organic polymers and
polymer/conductor composites, and development of sensor arrays that use
pattern recognition algorithms to identify odorants, mimicking the mammalian
olfaction process.
Fred MacDonnell is Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of
Texas at Arlington. He has worked for many years on topics related to solar
energy conversion, most specically with the development of ruthenium-based
photocatalysts for multi-electron collection and catalysis. He has published 54
papers in peer-reviewed journals as well as several book chapters.
Kazuhiko Maeda received his BSc from Tokyo University of Science (2003), his
MSc from the Tokyo Institute of Technology (2005), and his PhD from the
University of Tokyo (2007) under the supervision of Professor Kazunari
Domen. From 2008 to 2009, he was a postdoctoral fellow at Pennsylvania State
University, where he worked with Professor Thomas E. Mallouk. He then
joined The University of Tokyo as an Assistant Professor in 2009. Moving to
Tokyo Institute of Technology in 2012, he was promoted to an Associate
Professor. His research interests are photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical
water splitting using semiconductor particles of (oxy)nitrides, inorganic metal
oxide nanosheets, and polymeric carbon nitride, combining nanotechnology
and materials chemistry. He has published more than 80 peer-reviewed original
papers as well as several review papers and book chapters.
Matthias M. May is a PhD student at Humboldt-Universitat in Berlin on a
scholarship of the German National Academic Foundation. He studied physics
in Stuttgart, Grenoble, and Berlin with focus on condensed matter and computational physics. In his diploma thesis, he investigated the electronic structure of charge-density waves in transition-metal dichalcogenides and began
work on the water-semiconductor interface. His strongest research tools are
angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ reection anisotropy
spectroscopy.

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James McKone is in his fth year of graduate studies at the California Institute
of Technology in the research groups of Harry B. Gray and Nathan S. Lewis.
A native of northern Iowa, he developed a passion for renewable energy as an
undergraduate at Saint Olaf College, where he received a Bachelor of Arts
degree in 2008, majoring in chemistry and music. His research at Caltech has
been focused on development of earth-abundant semiconductor and catalyst
materials for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution. James has also been
actively involved in the design and rollout of several successful outreach eorts
aliated with the NSF CCI Solar program based at Caltech.
Noseung Myung obtained his BS degree at Yonsei University in Korea and his
PhD degree at the University of Texas at Arlington with Professor Krishnan
Rajeshwar as mentor. After a postdoctoral fellowship at Clark University, MA,
USA, he has been a Professor of Applied Chemistry at Konkuk University
Chungju Campus in Korea since 1996. His research interests include electrodeposition of semiconductor, photoelectrochemistry and method development
for the analysis of semiconductor thin lms using electrochemical quartz crystal
microgravimetry and voltammetry.
Arthur J. Nozik is Professor Adjoint in the Department of Chemistry at the
University of Colorado, Boulder; Senior Research Fellow Emeritus at the US
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL); and a Founding Fellow of
the NREL/University of Colorado Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute. Nozik has been Associate Director of the Los Alamos/NREL Energy
Frontier Research Center and founding Scientic Director of the Colorado
Center for Revolutionary Solar Photoconversion. His research interests include
size quantization eects in semiconductor structures, including multiple exciton
generation and the applications of unique eects in nanostructures and
nanoscience to advanced approaches for solar photon conversion. He has
published over 250 papers and book chapters, written or edited 6 books, holds
11 US patents and serves on many Scientic Advisory Boards and Committees.
He received the 2011 ACS Esselen Award at Harvard University, the 2009
Science Award from the UN IREO, the 2008 Eni Award in Science and
Technology, and the 2002 Research Award of the Electrochemical Society. He
was Senior Editor of The Journal of Physical Chemistry, and is on the editorial
advisory board of several other journals. He is a Fellow of the American
Physical Society and the AAAS.
Evgeny E. Ostroumov is Postdoctoral Fellow in University of Toronto. He
received his PhD in Physics from University of Dusseldorf and MaxPlanck-Institute for Bioinorganic Chemistry, where he worked with Alfred
Holzwarth exploring electronic properties of isolated chromophores as well as
photo-protection mechanisms in high plants. During his MSc studies in Moscow
State University he worked on laser diagnostics and remote sensing of phytoplankton. His current research interests include application of nonlinear ultrafast spectroscopy to study energy transfer processes in natural complex systems.

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Hyun S. Park received his BS degree (2006) and MS degree (2008) in Chemical
Engineering from Seoul National University, Korea. He was a graduate student
in Professor Allen J. Bards group from 20102012, and just received his PhD
degree from the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department at The University of
Texas at Austin. His studies encompassed electrochemistry and photochemistry
of metal oxide semiconductors. His current research interests include photoelectrochemistry for photon-energy conversion in water splitting system.
Bruce Parkinson received his BS in chemistry at Iowa State University in 1972
and his PhD from Caltech in 1977 under the guidance of Professor Fred Anson.
After a year of post-doctoral studies at Bell Laboratories with Adam Heller he
was a sta scientist at the Ames Laboratory. He then became a senior scientist
at the Solar Energy Research Institute (now known as the National Renewable
Energy Laboratory) in Golden, Colorado. He then joined the Central Research
and Development Department of the DuPont Company in 1985. In 1991 he
became Professor of Chemistry at Colorado State University until his departure to join the Department of Chemistry and the School of Energy Resources
at the University of Wyoming in 2008. His current research covers a wide
range of areas including materials chemistry, photochemistry on Mars and
photoelectrochemical energy conversion. He has more than 200 publications in
peer-reviewed journals and holds 5 US patents. His other interests include
photography and swimming.
Laurie Peter is Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Bath. He
has worked for many years on topics related to solar energy conversion, including dye-sensitized solar cells, earth-abundant materials for thin lm PV,
semiconductor photoelectrochemistry and photobiological systems for energy
conversion. He has published around 290 papers in peer-reviewed journals as
well as several book chapters and has been awarded a number of international
prizes for his work. Much of his recent research has involved collaboration with
other groups in the UK within the framework of two EPSRC Supergen Consortia: PV materials for the 21st Century and Excitonic Solar Cells. He currently
has a number of international collaborations and splits his time between the
University of Bath and the Ludwig Maximillian University in Munich, where
he is working on a range of topics including light-driven water splitting and insitu microwave measurements on solar cells.
Evgeny Ostroumov is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Toronto. He
received his PhD in Physics from University of Dusseldorf and the MaxPlanck-Institute for Bioinorganic Chemistry, where he worked with Professor
Alfred Holzwarth exploring the electronic properties of isolated chromophores
as well as photo-protection mechanisms in high plants. During his MSc studies
in Moscow State University, he worked on laser diagnostics and remote sensing
of phytoplankton. His current research interests include the application of
nonlinear ultrafast spectroscopy to study energy transfer processes in natural
complex systems.

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Krishnan Rajeshwar is a Distinguished University Professor and Associate Vice

President for Research at the University of Texas at Arlington. He is the Editor
of Electrochemical Society Interface since 1999. His research interests include
photoelectrochemistry; solar energy conversion; renewable energy; materials
chemistry; semiconductor electrochemistry; and environmental chemistry. He
has edited books, special issues of journals, and conference proceedings and is
the author of over 350 refereed publications.
Greg Scholes is the D.J. LeRoy Distinguished Professor at the University of
Toronto in the Department of Chemistry. His research group examines
photophysics in systems ranging from semiconductor nanocrystals to conjugated polymers to photosynthetic light-harvesting proteins. He is especially
interested in uncovering microscopic details of light-induced energy capture
and conversion processes in photosynthesis and organic photovoltaics using a
combination of femtosecond laser experiments and theory. He serves as an
Editorial Advisor for New Journal of Physics and Senior Editor for the Journal
of Physical Chemistry Letters. He serves on several editorial advisory boards.
Klaas Jan Schouten was born in Gouda in 1986 and grew up in Moordrecht, the
Netherlands. He obtained his MSc degree (cum laude) from Leiden University
in 2009, doing research on the dissociation of hydrogen on stepped platinum
surfaces under UHV conditions with Ludo Juurlink. He also investigated the
adsorption of H1 and OH on stepped platinum surfaces under electrochemical conditions. After that he continued with Marc Koper for a PhD
project, focused on the mechanistic aspects of the electrochemical reduction of
carbon dioxide on copper electrodes.
Kevin Sivula received a PhD degree from the Department of Chemical
Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley in 2007 and is currently
an Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Ecole Polytechnique
Federale de Lausanne. His research is directed towards engineering new,
inexpensive and solution-processable semiconductor materials and
implementing them in high performance devices especially for solar energy
conversion. He has published over 40 peer-reviewed papers on diverse subjects
such as controlling interfacial electronics, nanostructured morphology, and
self-assembly to gain insight into charge carrier transport, energy transfer, and
optoelectronic performance of transistors, sensors, photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical devices.
Norma Tacconi is a Research Associate Professor at the University of Texas at
Arlington. After stints at The Institute of Physical Chemistry (INIFTA,
Argentina), University of Poitiers, CNRS Bellevue Laboratory, and the
University of Geneva, she joined the group of Professor Rajeshwar at UT
Arlington in the early 90s. She has co-authored over 160 papers in peerreviewed journals as well as several book chapters. Her research interests
include semiconductor nanostructures and nanocomposites for photovoltaic

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energy conversion, molecular catalysts for photo- and electroreduction of

CO2, semiconductor nanoparticles for environmental remediation, and
photocatalytically-generated metal nanoclusters on carbon black for fuel cell
applications.
John A. Turner is a Research Fellow at the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, and has been with the Laboratory since 1979 when was then the
Solar Energy Research Institute. He received his BS degree in Chemistry from
Idaho State University, his PhD in Analytical Chemistry from Colorado State
University, and completed a postdoctoral appointment at the California
Institute of Technology before joining the Laboratory. His work is primarily
concerned with enabling technologies for the implementation of hydrogenbased systems into the energy infrastructure. His main research interests are
photoelectrochemistry for the production of hydrogen from sunlight and water
and the study of fundamental processes of charge transfer at semiconductor
electrodes. He is a Fellow of the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, a
joint institute between NREL and the University of Colorado, Boulder and
co-Editor of the Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, an AIP journal.
Shijun Wang is currently a postdoctoral fellow working in Allen J. Bards group
at the University of Texas at Austin. He earned his PhD from the University of
Southern Mississippi in 2010. He received his BS degree from the Anhui
University of Science and Technology (China) in 1995 and MS degree from the
Anhui University (China) in 2005. His research interests include semiconductor
photoelectrochemistry, design and understanding novel solid state inorganic
photocatalysis and electrocatalysis material for solar energy conversion.