dcmotor
DC Machines
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dcmotor
dcmotor
Armature of a DC Motor
dcmotor
DC Machines
1W to 10,000 hp
Applications in electric vehicles to extend their range
and reduce vehicle weight, in steel and aluminum rolling
mills, traction motors, electric trains, overhead cranes,
control devices, etc.
Introduction
2.
Armature Reaction
Armature Reaction(AR)
16
17
Ia_gen
+
If
Ra
Ra
Vf
Rf
IL
Ia_mot
+
+
Vt
Rf
Vt
Ea
Ea
-
Ia
-
Vf I f Rf
Vt Ea I a Ra
Ea K a d m
Ka: design constant
Electromagnetic torque
Te K a d I a
Pem Ea I a Te m
Magnetization Curve
Ea K a m
Flux is a non-linear
function of field current and
hence Ea is a non-linear
function of field current
For a given value of flux Ea
is directly proportional to
21
Types of DC Machines
Both the armature and field circuits carry direct current in the case
of a DC machine.
Types:
Self-excited DC machine: when a machine supplies its own
excitation of the field windings. In this machine, residual
magnetism must be present in the ferromagnetic circuit of the
machine in order to start the self-excitation process.
Separately-excited DC machine: The field windings may be
separately excited from an eternal DC source.
Shunt Machine: armature and field circuits are connected in
parallel. Shunt generator can be separately-excited or self-excited.
Series Machine: armature and field circuits are connected in series.
If
IL
+
If
+
DC Supply
Ra
Ra
Rf
IL
Vt
Rf
Vt
Ea
Ea
Ia
Separately-Excited
Self-Excited
Armature
RA
24
Armature
25
Armature
RA
If the shunt and series field aid each other it is called a cumulatively
excited machine
If the shunt and series field oppose each other it is called a differentially
excited machine
26
Vf
Rf
RL
Ea
- Field Coil
Armature
+
Vt
Ia
27
Shunt Generators
If
Ia If
Ia
+
Ea
Armature
+
RL
Vt
Rfc
Field equation: Vt=Rf If
Rf=Rfw+Rfc
28
Example 1
A 100-kW, 250-V DC shunt generator has an
armature resistance of 0.05 W and field circuit
resistance of 60 W. With the generator operating at
rated voltage, determine the induced voltage at (a) full
load, and (b) half-full load.
Solution to Example 1
If
Ia If
Ia
+
Ea
Armature
RL
R
Ea=Vt+IaRa=250+204.17
*0.05=260.2 V
Rfc
Example 2
Example 2-solution
If
Vf
Rf
RL
Ea
- Field Coil
-
+
Vt
Armature
Ia
DC Generator Characteristics
DC Generator Characteristics
I a Ra
DC Generator Characteristics
Ea Vt
Voltage regulation
100
Vt
External characteristics
Open-circuit characteristic
DC Generator
Input from
Elec-magnetic
Arm. terminal
Output power
prime-mover
Power =EaIa
power = Vta Ia
= V t IL
DC Motor
Arm. terminal
Elec-magnetic
Output available
mains =Vt IL
power = Vta Ia
Power =EaIa
at the shaft
Efficiency
Power Output
Power Input
Power Input Losses
Power Input
Losses
1
Power Input
DC Machines Formulas
Example 3
Example 3-solution
The End