Potencial de accin
Potencial de accin
Intervalo QT
Representa la sumatoria de
todos los potenciales de
accin de los cardiomiocitos
ventriculares
Incluye la despolarizacin y
repolarizacin ventricular
Correccin
Existe una relacin inversa entre la FC y el intervalo QT
El primer modelo matemtico que describe la relacin
entre el intervalo QT y el ritmo cardaco fue publicado
en1920 por Bazett y Fridericia
Frmulas: correccin del intervalo QT para una FC
standard de 60 lpm. (segundos!)
Variabilidad interindividual
Variabilidad segn el tono simptico
Correccin. Frmulas
Bazett modificada
por Taran y Szilagyi
QTc = QT
RR
Fridericia
QTc =
Framingham-Sagie
Hodges
Sarma
QTc = QT (RR)
Normograma
Cobos
QTc =
QT
3 RR
QT
s
(1+RR)/2
Valores Normales
Sndrome de QT largo
Sndrome de QT largo
S. QT
Largo
Congnito
Adquirido
Introduccin
Nios y adultos jvenes aparentemente sanos
Edad media inicio sntomas: 12 aos
Prevalencia:
1:2500 nacidos vivos
S.Jervell y Lange-Nielsen: 1.6-6:106
10-35% QTc normal
Importancia
Parada cardaca/Muerte sbita personas jvenes
Tratamientos efectivos
Clasificacin
Sordera
neurosensorial
Variantes
fenotpicas
S. Jervell
Lange-Nielsen
AR
No
S. Romano
Ward
AD
Herencia
SQTL
SQTL y Gentica
Clnica
Asintomtico
Palpitaciones
Mareos, presncopes, sncopes
Crisis convulsivas
Muerte sbita
Correlacin genotipo-fenotipo
SQTL1
Subtipo ms frecuente y explica 30-35% de
los casos
Eventos desencadenados ms
frecuentemente por estmulos
adrenrgicos(68%): ejercicio, natacin
(exposicin agua fra)
ECG: Frecuente una onda T de base ancha
y duracin prolongada
Correlacin genotipo-fenotipo
SQTL2
Eventos suelen desencadenarse por
estmulos auditivos sbitos , estrs emocional
y, con menos frecuencia, durante el sueo o
el ejercicio
Particularmente susceptible a presentar
arritmias en el perodo posparto y a la hipoK
ECG: Onda T suele ser de baja amplitud,
bfida, con muescas
Correlacin genotipo-fenotipo
SQTL3
Mayor riesgo de presentar arritmias malignas
durante el reposo o bradicardia.
Penetrancia cercana al 90%
Menos sintomtico pero ms letal que SQTL1
o2
ECG: Onda T acuminada precedida de
alargamiento del segmento ST.
Correlacin genotipo-fenotipo
S. Andersen.Tawil (SQTL7)
S. Timothy (SQTL8)
Probabilidad pretest
Probabilidad pretest
1) Probabilidad pretest
Prevalencia 1/2500 nacidos vivos
Schwartz PJ et al. Prevalence of the congenital long-QT syndrome.
Circulation 2009;120:1761-1767.
Probabilidad pretest
Probabilidad pretest
3) ECG: Consideraciones
Slo cuando QTc 500ms la probabilidad pre-test va a favor de un
caso ndice con SQTL respecto a un outlier extremo.
Medicin del QT
Inclusin onda U: 2 causa sobrediagnstico de SQTL
Importancia de la onda T:
Variacin de la onda T segn genotipo
SQTL1: onda T ancha
SQTL2 : onda T de baja amplitud y mellada
SQTL3 : segmento ST prolongado y una onda T estrecha y picuda
Alternancia de la onda
3) ECG: Consideraciones
Slo cuando QTc 500ms la probabilidad pre-test va a favor de un
caso ndice con SQTL respecto a un outlier extremo.
Medicin del QT
Inclusin onda U: 2 causa sobrediagnstico de SQTL
Importancia de la onda T:
Variacin de la onda T segn genotipo
SQTL1: onda T ancha
SQTL2 : onda T de baja amplitud y mellada
SQTL3 : segmento ST prolongado y una onda T estrecha y picuda
Alternancia de la onda
Probabilidad pretest
Probabilidad padecer
SQTL
Score
1:Baja probabilidad
1.5-3: Probabilidad intermedia
3.5: Alta probabilidad
Probabilidad pretest
Historia personal y familiar
Pruebas complementarias
5)Pruebas complementarias
Holter: Valoracin dinmica intervalo QT y onda T,
Arritmias ventriculares asintomticas, episodios disfuncin
sinusal, BAV
Pruebas de provocacin
Prueba de esfuerzo
Protocolo con epinefrina (Mayo Clinic/Shimizu)
Pruebas genticas
Protocolo de Shimizu
Bolo de adrenalina seguido de infusin continua
SQTL1: QTc > 35 ms
SQTL2: alargamiento inicial del QT que coincide con el bolo
y que posteriormente vuelve a valores basales.
Tratamiento
Betabloqueantes
No todos los BB son igual de eficaces
Propranolol:
2-4mg/Kg/da (bid-tid segn posologa)
Nadolol:
0.75-1.5mg/Kg/da. Mayor vida media.
SQTL2
SQTL3
Mexiletina
Ranolazina
(Mexiletina)
>480ms
Sociedad Europea de
Cardiologa
QTc:
>440ms
>460ms
Portador de DAI
Importante individualizar
Pacientes asintomticos con SQTL confirmado, de bajo riesgo, con QTc borderline y
sin historia familiar de muerte sbita
353 pacientes SQTL(1-3) >> 130 deporte de competicin:
54% no cumplan criterios SEC / 46% no cumplan Bethesda/SEC
Tasa de incidencia 0.003 atleta-ao
Johnson et al JAMA, 2012. 308(8)
KCNH2
www.qtdrugs.org
COMPOSITE LIST OF DRUGS THAT PROLONG QT AND/OR CAUSE TORSADES DE POINTES (TDP)
Crediblemeds.org is your trusted partner providing reliable information on medicines. This
is a composite list of drugs that CredibleMeds has concluded either 1) have a risk of TdP,
2) prolong QT and therefore have a possible risk of TdP or 3) have a risk of TdP under
certain conditions such as overdose, drugdrug interactions or when administered to
certain high-risk individuals (e.g. congenital long QT syndrome).
Generic Name
Brand Name
Generic Name
Brand Name
Generic Name
Brand Name
Alfuzosin
Uroxatral
Dabrafenib
Tafinlar
Gemifloxacin
Factive
Amantadine
Dasatinib
Sprycel
Granisetron
Amiodarone
Desipramine
Halofantrine
Halfan
Amisulpride
Dexmedetomidine
Haloperidol
Dihydroartemisinin+piperaquine
Eurartesim
Amitriptyline
Elavil (Discontinued
6/13) and others
Diphenhydramine
Hydrochlorothiazide
Disopyramide
Norpace
Ibutilide
Corvert
Iloperidone
Imipramine (melipramine)
Tofranil
Indapamide
Isradipine
Dynacirc
Itraconazole
Ketoconazole
Lapatinib
Levofloxacin
Levomethadyl (Off US
mkt)
Orlaam
Lithium
Amoxapine
Anagrelide
Apomorphine
Arsenic trioxide
Trisenox
Hismanal
Atazanavir
Reyataz
Azithromycin
Bedaquiline
Sirturo
Vascor
Bortezomib
Bosutinib
Bosulif
Chloral hydrate
Chloroquine
Aralen
Chlorpromazine
Ciprofloxacin
Propulsid
Citalopram
Clarithromycin
Clomipramine
Anafranil
Clozapine
Cocaine
Cocaine
Crizotinib
Xalkori
Dofetilide
Dolasetron
Domperidone (Not on US mkt)
Tikosyn
Anzemet
Motilium and others
Doxepin
Dronedarone
Multaq
Droperidol
Eribulin
Erythromycin
Escitalopram
Famotidine
Felbamate
Felbatol
Fingolimod
Gilenya
Mesoridazine (Off US
mkt)
Serentil
Flecainide
Methadone
Fluconazole
Mifepristone
Fluoxetine
Mirabegron
Myrbetriq
Foscavir
Mirtazapine
Remeron
Fosphenytoin
Moexipril/HCTZ
Furosemide (Frusemide)
Moxifloxacin
Galantamine
Nicardipine
Cardene
Tequin
Nilotinib
Tasigna
Norfloxacin
Nortriptyline
Foscarnet
www.qtdrugs.org
Crediblemeds.org
your
trusted
prov
Crediblemeds.org is your
trusted partner providingis
reliable
information
on partner
medicines. This
is
a
composite
list
of
drugs
that
CredibleMeds
is a composite list of drugs that CredibleMeds has concluded either 1) have a risk of TdP,
2) prolong
QT and
possible
2) prolong QT and therefore
have a possible
risk of therefore
TdP or 3) havehave
a risk ofaTdP
under
certain
conditions
such
as
overdose,
drugdru
certain conditions such as overdose, drugdrug interactions or when administered to
certain
high-risk
certain high-risk individuals
(e.g. congenital
longindividuals
QT syndrome). (e.g. congenital lo
Generic
Name
Generic Name
Ofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Olanzapine
Olanzapine
Floxin
Ondansetron
Ondansetron
Oxytocin
Oxytocin
Paliperidone
Paliperidone
Paroxetine
Paroxetine
Pasireotide
Pasireotide
Pazopanib
Pazopanib
Solifenacin
Pentamidine
Pentamidine
and Tamoxifen
others
NebuPent andNebuPent
others
Perflutren
Perflutren lipid lipid
microspheres
microspheres
Definity
Definity
Pimozide
Pimozide
Orap
Orap
Telaprevir
Telavancin
Telithromycin
Noxafil and others
Noxafil and others
Terfenadine (Off US mkt)
Probucol (Off (Off
US mkt)
Lorelco
Probucol
US mkt)
Lorelco
Tetrabenazine (Orphan
Procainamide (Oral off
Procainamide
(Oral Pronestyl
off
drug in US)
andPronestyl
others
and others
US
mkt)
US mkt)
Thioridazine
Promethazine
Phenergan Phenergan
Promethazine
Tizanidine
Protriptyline
Vivactil
Protriptyline
Vivactil
Tolterodine
Quetiapine
Seroquel
Quetiapine
Seroquel
Toremifene
Quinidine
Quinaglute and
others
Quinidine
Quinaglute
and others
Trazodone
Quinine sulfate
Qualaquin
Quinine
sulfate
Qualaquin
Posaconazole
Posaconazole
Ranolazine
Ranexa and others
Trimethoprim-Sulfa
Ranolazine
Ranexa and others
Rilpivirine
Edurant and others
Trimipramine
Rilpivirine
Edurant and others
Risperidone
Risperdal
Vandetanib
Risperidone
Risperdal
Ritonavir
Norvir
Vardenafil
Ritonavir
Norvir
Roxithromycin (Not on
Vemurafenib
Rulide and others
Roxithromycin
(Not
on
US Mkt)
Rulide and others
US Mkt)
Venlafaxine
Saquinavir
Invirase(combo)
Saquinavir
Invirase(combo)
Voriconazole
Sertindole (Not on US
Serdolect and others
Sertindole
(Not on US
mkt)
Serdolect and Vorinostat
others
mkt)
Sertraline
Zoloft and others
Ziprasidone
Sertraline
Zoloft and others
Sevoflurane
Ulane and others
Sevoflurane
Ulane and others
Brand Name
Medi
Note: Medicines
on this list are reviewed on Note:
an ongoing
VESIcare
basis
to
basis to assure that the available evidence supports their ass
Nexavar
continued
continued placement on this list. The list changes
regularly p
Sotalol
Betapace and others
Betapace
and others
and
we rec
and we recommend
checkingthe website at
Zagam
ZagamSparfloxacin (Off US mkt)
credibleme
crediblemeds.org for the most up-todate information.
Sulpiride (Not on US
Dogmatil and others
Dogmatil
and others
may
Mkt.)
There may
be many additional brand names There
that are not
Sutent
listed on thi
Sutent Sunitinib
listed on this
form.
Generic Name
Brand Name
Solifenacin
VESIcare
Sorafenib
Nexavar
PrografTacrolimus
and others
Nolvadex(discontinued
Disclaimer
Disclaimer
and Waiver: The information presented
is
6/13) and others
intended
so
intended
solely
for
the
purpose
of
providing
general
Incivek and others
IncivekTelaprevir
and others
information
about
health-related
matters.
It
is
not
intended
information
VibativTelavancin
Vibativ
for any other
purpose, including but not limited
to medical
for
any othe
Ketek Telithromycin
Ketek
advice
and/or
treatment,
nor
is
it
intended
to
substitute
for
advice
and/
Seldane
Terfenadine (Off US mkt)
Seldane
the
users
relationships
with
their
own
health
care
the users re
Tetrabenazine
(Orphan
Nitoman
and others
Nitoman and others
drug in US)
providers. To that extent, by use of this website
and the
providers.
T
MellarilThioridazine
and others
Mellaril and others
information
it contains, the user affirms the understanding
information
Zanaflex
and others
Tizanidine
Zanaflex and others
of the purpose
and releases AZCERT, Inc. from
any purpo
of the
Detrol and
others
Tolterodine
Detrol and others
claims
arising
out
of
his/her
use
of
the
website
and
its lists.
claims
arisi
Fareston
Toremifene
Fareston
The
absence
of
drugs
from
these
lists
should
not
be
The
absenc
Desyrel (discontinued
Desyrel (discontinued
6/13) andTrazodone
others
considered
an and
indication
risk of QT
6/13)
others that they are free ofconsidered
Septra and others
Trimethoprim-Sulfaprolongation
Septra
andMany
othersmedicines have not been
or TdP.
prolongatio
Surmontil and others
Trimipramine
othersespecially those with
tested for Surmontil
this risk in and
patients,
tested for th
Caprelsa
Vandetanib
congenitalCaprelsa
long QT syndrome.
congenital l
Levitra
Nolvadex(discontinued
Tamoxifen
6/13) and others
Vardenafil
Zelboraf
Vemurafenib
Effexor and others
Venlafaxine
VFend
Voriconazole
Zolinza
Vorinostat
Geodon and others
Ziprasidone
Levitra
Zelboraf
Effexor and others
VFend
Zolinza
Geodon and others
Epidemiologa
El uso de frmacos no cardiolgicos que prolongan el QT
se asocian a un aumento del riesgo de muerte sbita
(OR 2.7).
Antipsicticos (OR 5)
3.1% de los pacientes con muerte sbita estaban en tto con
frmacos que prolongan el QT
Quinidina
Sotalol
Dofetilide
Ibutilide
Amiodarona
Prolonga marcadamente el QT
Raramente se asocia con TdP
No tiene efecto de Dependencia de frecuencia inversa
Otros
Cisapride
Procintico.
Fue la causa ms comn de TdP inducida por frmacos
(13%) despus de los antiarritmicos.
Prolonga el QT en 31% de los pc. TdP 5.4%
Factores de Riesgo
Relacionados
con el
paciente
Sexo femenino
Edad avanzada
Factores de Riesgo
Relacionados
con el ECG
Relacionados
con el frmaco
Sulfato de Magnesio
Marcapasos transitorio
Isoproterenol
Tratamiento
Torsades de Pointes
Inestabilidad
hemodinmica
No
Desfibrilacin
elctrica No
sincronizada
Sulfato de Mg
IV
Marcapasos
transitorio
- Tto y prevencin
de recurrencia
- TdP que no
responden a Mg
- No acorta el QT
- Disminuye las
postdespolarizaciones tempranas
- Bolo IV 2 gr en 1-2
min
- Repetir en 15 min si
es necesario
- Perfusin continua:
3-20 mg/min
- Puede acortar el
QT
- 100 lpm
Isoproterenol
Medida
temporal
antes de
implantar el
MP transitorio