Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development

In this stage the person should achieve Ego Integrity vs. Despair, it is from 65 years old
up to death. It is the reflection on Life. Older adults need to look back on life and feel a
sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure
results in regret, bitterness, and despair.
Patient PA is a senior citizen.. wala na akong naitutulong sa pamilya ko dahil matanda
na ako. According to him, he tends to slow down his productivity and explore life as a
retired person. He develops integrity because he see himself as successful man because
he accomplished his dreams and become an English professor. He thinks that he has
enough wisdom and whenever he encounters failure in life he can easily cope in it. If he
see his life as unproductive, or feel that he did not accomplish his life goals, he will
become dissatisfied with life and develop despair, often leading to depression and
hopelessness. But according to patient PA he was satisfied with his life so that he
developed ego integrity.
Piaget Stages of Development
In this stage the person should achieve Formal Operational Stage, Adolescents who reach
this fourth stage of intellectual development are able to logically use symbols related to
abstract concepts, such as algebra and science. They can think about multiple variables in
systematic ways, formulate hypotheses, and consider possibilities. They also can ponder
abstract relationships and concepts such as justice.
According to patient P.A. he tends to think very concretely. As the head of the family, he
is the one who decide for the family bilang padre de pamilya, kahit na matanda na ako,
ako npa din ang gumagawa ng huling desisyon sa pamilya. As verbalized by the patient
He also considers possible outcomes and think the consequences of his actions and
decisions. He also has the ability to systematically solve a problem in a logical and
methodical way emerges.

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

The concern is social utility or public interest. While rules are needed to maintain social
order, they should not be blindly obeyed but should be set up (even changed) by social
contract for the greater good of society. Right action is one that protects the rights of the
individual according to rules agreed upon by the whole society.
According to the patient he know the different social groups within a society will have
different values. He also practiced to communicate and have a better fellowship with her
neighborhood English professor kase ako dati kaya maganda at marunong akong
makitungo sa mga tao. as stated by the patient.. He also obey all rules that were agreed
upon the society and knows her rights as a human syempre bilang tao at ako na
nakapag aral naman at nakapagtapos, dapat alam natin ang tama at mali. Kaya dapat
talaga sumunod sa batas, pagpapakita na rin ito ng magandang halimbawa sa anak at
mga apo ko. as verbalized by the patient.