HSPA+
For operators deploying High Speed Packet Access (HSPA*) now, there is the
need to continue enhancing the HSPA technology
3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) being standardized now, but not
backwards compatible with HSPA
375 HSDPA networks in service in 151 countries (Oct. 10)**
Investment protection needed for current HSPA deployments
HSPA+ effort introduced in 3GPP in March 2006
Initiated by 3G Americas & the GSMA
HSPA+ defines a broad framework and set of requirements for the
evolution of HSPA
Nov. 2010
HSPA+ Goals
Based on the importance of the HSPA-based radio network, 3GPP
agreed that HSPA+ should:
Exploit full potential of the CDMA air interface before moving to OFDM
Utilization of shared channels only
Nov. 2010
BPSK
2 bits/symbol
Downlink
16QAM
4 bits/symbol
64QAM
6 bits/symbol
Increases
Nov. 2010
Mb/s
42.2
HSPA+
(64 QAM & 2x2 MIMO*)
28.0
HSPA+
(16 QAM & 2x2 MIMO)
21.1
HSPA+ (64 QAM)
Uplink
14.0
11.5
HSDPA (16 QAM)
Higher order modulations provide peak rate benefits for users in very
good channel conditions
UMTS Networks
**Using 2 resource
blocks for PUCCH
and max prime factor
restriction
=5
Andreas Mitschele-Thiel,
Jens Mckenheim
Nov.
2010
throughput/ kbps
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Cat 10/ 15 users
average user throughput
Without 64-QAM
With 64-QAM
Gain
Cell Throughput
6.9 Mbit/s
7.65 Mbit/s
10.7%
7.1 Mbit/s
8.7 Mbit/s
22.5%
Nov. 2010
16-QAM being considered in the uplink for HSPA Evolution, for use with the
2ms TTI and with 4 multicodes (2xSF2 + 2xSF4)
Increases peak rate from 5.76 Mbps to 11.52 Mbps
Simulation results showed:
16 QAM requires very high SNR at the receiver
16 QAM can be used only in case of one single HSUPA active user per cell
SF2
SF2
SF4
I
BPSK
BPSK
BPSK
SF2
I
SF4
SF4
16 QAM
16 QAM
Q
BPSK
UMTS Networks
Nov. 2010
M Tx
N Rx
Coding/Modulation/
Weighting/Mapping
Weighting/Demapping
Demodulation/Decoding
UMTS Networks
Nov. 2010
MIMO in HSPA+
2 x 2 MIMO scheme
4 rank-1 precoding vectors and 4 rank-2 precoding matrices are defined
The mobile reports the rank of the channel and the preferred precoding
weights periodically
Dynamic switching between single stream and dual stream transmission is
supported
V11
Stream 1
Encode
Channel
interleave
Antenna 1
Modulator
(16QAM, QPSK)
V12
V21
Stream 2
Encode
Channel
interleave
Antenna 2
Modulator
(16QAM, QPSK)
V22
UMTS Networks
Nov. 2010
2x2 D-TxAA MIMO scheme doubles peak rate from 14.4 Mbps to 28.8 Mbps
2x2 D-TxAA MIMO provides significant experienced peak, mean & cell edge
user data rate benefits for isolated cells or noise/coverage limited cells
2x2 D-TxAA MIMO provides 20%-60% larger spectral efficiency than 1x2
SISO (1x1)
1.75
1.5
1.25
1
MIMO (2x2)
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
Near Cell Center
Average Cell
Location
Cell Edge
100
80
60
40
20
0
Interference Limted
System
Isolated Cell
Nov. 2010
10
Improvements in Rel.-9
Dual-Band HSDPA
MIMO in dual cell operation
Dual Cell uplink
Multi-carrier HSDPA
F1
Node-B
UTRAN configures one of the cell as the
serving cell for the uplink
UL
5 MHz
UMTS Networks
UE
F2
2.1
GHz
DL
DL
UL
5 MHz
5 MHz
Nov. 2010
11
7000
Throughput in kbps
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
UMTS Networks
Nov. 2010
12
Supported Modulation
Formats
Category 1
Maximum number
of HS-DSCH multicodes
5
Maximum
MAC-hs TB size
Total number of
soft channel bits
QPSK, 16QAM
Minimum
inter-TTI
interval
3
7298
19200
Theoretical
maximum data
rate (Mbit/s)
1.2
Category 2
QPSK, 16QAM
7298
28800
1.2
Category 3
QPSK, 16QAM
7298
28800
1.8
Category 4
QPSK, 16QAM
7298
38400
1.8
Category 5
QPSK, 16QAM
7298
57600
3.6
Category 6
QPSK, 16QAM
7298
67200
3.6
Category 7
10
QPSK, 16QAM
14411
115200
7.2
Category 8
10
QPSK, 16QAM
14411
134400
7.2
Category 9
15
QPSK, 16QAM
20251
172800
10.1
Category 10
15
QPSK, 16QAM
27952
172800
14.0
Category 11
QPSK
3630
14400
0.9
Category 12
QPSK
3630
28800
1.8
Category 13
15
35280
259200
17.6
Category 14
15
42192
259200
21.1
Category 15
15
QPSK, 16QAM
23370
345600
23.3
Category 16
15
QPSK, 16QAM
27952
345600
28.0
Category 17
15
Category 18
15
Category 19
15
35280/
23370
42192/
27952
35280
259200/
345600
259200/
345600
518400
17.6/
23.3
21.1/
28.0
35.2
Category 20
15
42192
518400
42.2
cf. TS 25.306
Nov. 2010
13
E-DCH
Category
Max. num.
Codes
Min SF
EDCH TTI
Maximum MAC-e
TB size
Category 1
SF4
10 msec
7110
0.71
Category 2
SF4
10 msec/
2 msec
14484/
2798
1.45/
1.4
Category 3
SF4
10 msec
14484
1.45
Category 4
SF2
10 msec/
2 msec
20000/
5772
2.0/
2.89
Category 5
SF2
10 msec
20000
2.0
Category 6
SF2
10 msec/
2 msec
20000/
11484
2.0/
5.74
Category 7
(Rel.7)
SF2
10 msec/
2 msec
20000/
22996
2.0/
11.5
cf. 25.306
UMTS Networks
Nov. 2010
14
Prior to Rel-7
Data
Pilot
CPC significantly reduces control channel overhead for low bit rate
real-time services (e.g. VoIP)
UMTS Networks
Nov. 2010
15
3
R'99 Circuit Voice
VoIP on HSPA (Rel'6)*
VoIP on HSPA (CPC)*
2.5
2
Note: All
capacity gains
normalized to
AMR12.2
Circuit Voice
Capacity
1.5
1
0.5
0
AMR12.2
AMR7.95
AMR5.9
Nov. 2010
16
UE in
URA_PCH
Incoming
call
Without CPC, users
typically kept in
URA_PCH or CELL_PCH
state to save radio
resources and battery
Page UE
Paging
Response
UE in
CELL_DCH
Incoming
call
CELL_FACH
Re-establish
bearers
CELL_DCH
Send data
Nov. 2010
17
UE in
URA_PCH
Incoming
call
Page UE
Paging
Response
CELL_FACH
Re-establish
bearers
CELL_DCH
Send data
Nov. 2010
18
NodeB responds by
allocating common E-DCH
resources
Transmission starts
with power ramping
on preamble
reserved for E-DCH
access
#0
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
p
a
PRACH
access
slots
#0
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
10 ms
UMTS Networks
#7
#8
#9
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
10 ms
Nov. 2010
19
UTRAN Architecture
Core Network
Iu
Iu
UTRAN
RNS
TCP RTT:
~300ms
RNS
SDU buffer
Iur
RNC
Iub
Node B
RNC
Iub
Iub
Node B
Node B
Priority Queue
Iub
Node B
MAC-hs RTT:
~10ms
RLC RTT:
~100ms
UMTS Networks
UE
Nov. 2010
20
Theoretical limit:
PHY >> RLC
Options to increase
data rate
Increase PDU size/
RLC window
Reduce RTT
14.00
12.00
Rmax [Mbps]
10.00
80
8.00
100
6.00
120
4.00
Limit to safely
avoid protocol
error.
2.00
0.00
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
HSDPA increases peak data rate significantly, while it does not reduce RLC RTT equivalently !
UMTS Networks
Nov. 2010
21
RLC-AM
2
80
80
x19
..
80
Rel6
RLC-AM PDU
MAC-hs
22 bits
80
80
..
80
MAC-hs PDU
Traffic flow j for user k
RLC-AM
RLC-AM
1500
RLC-AM PDU
1500
RLC-AM PDU
Rel7
MAC-ehs
1
1500
1500
MAC-ehs PDU
Nov. 2010
22
MAC-ehs in NodeB
MAC-d flows
MAC-ehs
Scheduling/Priority handling
Priority Queue
distribution
Priority
Queue
Segment
ation
Priority
Queue
Segment
ation
Priority
Queue
Segment
ation
HARQ entity
TFRC selection
Associated Uplink
Signalling
UMTS Networks
HS-DSCH
Associated Downlink
Signalling
Nov. 2010
23
Integration of some or all RNC functions into the NodeB provides benefits in terms of:
Network simplicity (fewer network elements)
Latency (fewer handshakes, particularly in combination with One-Tunnel)
Synergy with LTE (serving GW, MME, eNB)
Backwards compatible with legacy terminals
Central management of common resources
Traditional HSPA
Architecture
GGSN
User Plane
SGSN
GGSN
GGSN
SGSN
SGSN
Control Plane
RNC
RNC
NodeB
NodeB
NodeB+
Nov. 2010
24
GGSN
GGSN
Iu
SGSN
RNC
SGSN
Control
plane: Iu
Userplane: Iu/Gn
(one tunnel)
Legacy
UTRAN
Control
plane: Iu
Userplane: Iu/Gn
(one tunnel)
EvolvedHSPA
NodeB
UMTS Networks
Iur
EvolvedHSPA
NodeB
Iur
NodeB
NodeB
Nov. 2010
25
UE
IP Network
Gateway
Operator
CN
UMTS Networks
Nov. 2010
26
Approach
Iu-CS/PS
RNC
CN Interface
RAN GW
Iuh
NodeB
UMTS Networks
HNB
Security architecture
Plug-and-Play approach
FMS interface
Nov. 2010
27
Summary
UMTS Networks
Nov. 2010
28
HSPA+ References
Papers:
Standards
UMTS Networks
Nov. 2010
29
Abbreviations
AICH
AMR
BPSK
CLTD
CPC
CQI
DSL
E-RACH
F-DPCH
GW
HNB
HOM
HSPA
IA
LTE
MAC-ehs
MAC-i/is
MIMO
UMTS Networks
Mux
Multiplexing
PARC
PCI
PDU
Rx
Receive
RTT
SDU
SAE
S-CPICH
SDMA
Spatial-Division Multiple-Access
SINR
SISO
Single-Input Single-Output
SM
Spatial Multiplexing
Tx
Transmit
VoIP
16QAM
64QAM
Nov. 2010
30