CHAPTER 1: THERMODYNAMICS

1. Fill in the boxes with suitable formula(s).

PROCESS

CONDITION

OTHER
IMPORTANT
RELATION

(1)

Constant

Isochoric

volume
(dV=0)

(2)

Constant

Isobaric

pressure

(3)

(dP=0)
Constant

Isothermal,

temperature

reversible

(dT=0)
T not constant

Isothermal,

but Ti = Tf

irreversible
(4)

Constant q

Adiabatic,

(q=0)

reversible
Adiabatic,
irreversible

R= 0.0831 bar L mol-1 K-1 , 8.314 J mol-1K-1, 8.314 L atm mol-1K-1

2. Find w, q, U, H if 4.0 mol of monoatomic gas undergoes a constant-pressure expansion

from 2.0 L to 5.0 L at 0.90 bar.

3. Find w, q, U, H if 2.0 mol of Helium gas with Cv,m= 1.5 R undergoes a reversible
heating with P going from 600 Torr while V remains fixed at 30 dm3.

4. Calculate w, q, U, H if 1.2 mol of a certain perfect gas, undergoes a reversible

isothermal compression at 25C from 40.0 L to 28.0 L.

5. An ideal monoatomic gas at 298.15 K and 1 bar is expanded in a reversible adiabatic

process to final pressure of 0.5 bar. Calculate w, q, U, H (each per mole).

6. One mol of gas at 25C is allowed to expand adiabatically and reversibly from 20 atm to 1
atm.
(a) Calculate the final temperature. Assume Cv,m = 3/2R.
(b) If the gas is allowed to expand against an external pressure of 1 atm adiabatically,
calculate the temperature.

7. A sample consisting of 2.0 mol of perfect gas atoms (Cv,m = 3/2R) is taken through the
cycle shown below.
(a) Determine the temperature at Points 1, 2 and 3.
(b) Calculate w, q, U, H for each step and for the overall cycle.

8. Consider the gas-phase reaction 2CO(g) + O2(g)

2CO2(g).

A bomb-calorimetric study of this reaction at 25C leads to H= -565.98 kJ mol-1. Calculate

H for this reaction at 2000 K.
(Given values of a for CO2 = 44.22 J K-1mol-1, O2 = 29.96 J K-1mol-1, CO= 28.41 J K-1mol-1)
(Values of b for CO2 = 8.79 x 10-3 J K-1mol-1, O2 = 4.18 x 10-3 J K-1mol-1, CO= 4.10 x 10-3 J K1
mol-1)
(Values of c for CO2 = -8.62 x 105 J K-1mol-1, O2 = -1.67 x 105 J K-1mol-1, CO= -4.6 x 104 J K1
mol-1)

9. Prove that at reversible adiabatic process,

T2
T1

V1
V2

( ) ( )
=

nR
Cv

10. Two moles of water at 50C are placed in a refrigerator which is maintained at 5C.
Taking the heat capacity of water as 75.3 J K-1mol-1 and independent of temperature, calculate
the entropy change for the cooling of the water to 5C.
Also, calculate the entropy change in the refrigerator, and the net entropy change.

11. Calculate the entropy change when 1.0 mol of ice is heated from 250 K to 300 K. Take
the heat capacities (Cp,m) of water and ice to be constant at 75.3 and 37.7 J K-1mol-1,
respectively, and the latent heat of fusion ice as 6.02 kJ mol-1.

12. One mole of supercooled water at -10C and 1 atm pressure turns into ice. Calculate the
entropy change in the system and in the surroundings and the net entropy change (using data
given from the Question 11)

13. One mole of ice at -10C is placed in a room at temperature of 10C. Using the heat
capacity data given in Question 11 and 12, calculate the entropy change in the system and in
the surroundings.

14. Prove equation S = nR ln

V2
V1

( )

15. From Question 14, find also equation for the change in entropy, S when the pressure of
a perfect gas is changed isothermally from P1 to P2.