AMITY SCHOOL OF DISTANCE LEARNING

ADL 21
ENLISH LANGUAGE
Assignment - A
Marks -15

Q1. a. Write the Character sketch of Dr. Pal in 'The Financial Expert'.
Ans. An illustrative example of Naryans character development techniques involves Dr.
Pal. While he may not be seen to be a major (of not on par with Margayya himself)
character, this is because of Naryans style of relating information about characters.
Arguably, the primary motivator in the book is Dr. Pal. The reader is not often let on to
the motivations and private thoughts of Dr. Pal yet he is the one that drives the action.
While the reader can never quite figure out this strange character of dubious background
(not to mention employment) Narayans mastery of character realization is achieved
through his descriptions and effects of one character upon another. For example, while
Margayya is explained in detail, the descriptions of Dr. Pals actions are all the result of
some sort of debauchery or foul play. He arranges the horoscope to fit the needs of
Margayya, he is the one behind the sale of the illicit book, and ultimately, he is the one
that is at least partially responsible for the Margayya eventual downfall.
b.

Write the character sketch of 'Meenakshi in 'The Financial Expert'.

Ans. Meenakshi has a small role in the Novel The Financial Expert. Margayyas wife,
Meenakshi endures everything patiently. She speaks very little. As wife, Meenakshi is always
anxious for the welfare of her Husband.
Q2.

Comment on the title of the novel 'The Financial Expert'.

Ans. The Financial Expert is the story of a proud moneylender, Margayya. The rise and fall,
the pain and agony of the main protagonist are aptly described in the novel. It is the story of a
financial expert who was once a proud one but later in his life lost almost everything and had
to start from scratch all over again. The storyline hence well justifies the title. The Lucid style
and intense storytelling of R.K. Narayan further makes The financial expert" a saga of reality.
R.K. Narayan was born on October 10, 1906 at Number 1, Vellala Street in Purasawalkam,
Chennai. He was born in his grandmother`s house where much of his early childhood and
school years were spent. Later on, he moved to Mysore, to his father`s place. Narayan`s
academic grades were not at per during his school and early college days. His two earliest fulllength novels, `Swami and Friends` and `The Bachelor of Arts`, describe some of his trials
and efforts during this period. He was advised to take up a teaching profession or any
government job. But R.K. had already made up his mind to becoming a writer.
During his journey to be a writer he wrote for various magazines and `The Hindu`. At that
time he falls in love with a girl who subsequently becomes his wife. In his lifetime he wrote

fifteen novels, five volumes of short stories, a number of travelogues and collection of nonfiction, English translation of Indian epics, and the memoirs "My Days". All these have
created a strong base for R.K.Narayan in world literature. People connected with art and
literature readily remember his name with his make-believe place Malgudi.
3.

Write short notes on

a. Margaya's love for Balu.

Ans. Balu's character provides a very interesting study in the novel. He is an apple of
Margayyas eyes, only child of Margayya. He has no interest in study. It is a matter of fact,
Margayya wanted Balu to grow into a well-educated man, probably going for higher studies
something of the kind. Margayya cherishes high hopes about his son, but his ardent
ambition is never fulfilled. He thinks that Balu will not read in a corporation school but he
will read in the convent with the sons of the District Collector or the Superintendent of
Police. But, irony is that Balu can't pass even his S. S. L. C. exam. and remains
undereducated and idle throughout his life. Balu has picked up a new habit of smoking. He
spoils himself. He deserts home but with the timely help of a police officer, Balu is located
in Madras. His discovery makes Margayya happy. After marriage he is allowed to live
separately with his wife, Brinda in Lawley Extension. Here, Dr. Pal enters his life and Balu
forgets all responsibilities towards his wife and the little baby. Here, Margayya's cherished
dreams about Balu are scattered. As Graham Greene remarks : Margayya's son Balu
whose progress from charming childhood to spoilt frustrated manhood is perhaps the
saddest episode Narayan has written."
b.

Margayas celebrity status.

Ans. Margayas residence beside the cremation ground bears symbolic significance that is
important in Margayas life. Life turns into ashes only to start a new to pay the
accounts of Karma. Man has to pay for his deeds maintaining the concepts of Karma.
It is only God who to decide what is right or wrong. He also decides the way to
success. Our business is to continue the experimental pathway gifted by the creator.At
the end of the novel, we see Margyya decided to continue the same occupation. There
is no clue whether this time he will succeed or not.His Karma is set for a new trial.
Without giving a direct message the novel establishes the traditional beliefs and
myths. Thus we can say that our Margaya of twentieth century may strive for new
identity but he does so not without the feeling of his Own World.
Q4. Describe laxmi Puja by Margaya.
Ans. Mragaya in The Financial Expert as seen is devoted to Lord Laxmi and and he believes in
Laxmi puja he do all the lakmi puja by their spiritual beliefs. Maragay is spiritual to laxmi and he
believe what he want from lord laxmi he gets so he devotes some of his time in laxmi puja.

Q5. Comment on the corrupting role of Dr. Pal.

Ans. Dr. Pals actions are all the result of some sort of debauchery or foul play. He arranges
the horoscope to fit the needs of Margayya, he is the one behind the sale of the illicit book,
and ultimately, he is the one that is at least partially responsible for the Margayya eventual
downfall.

ASSIGNMENT- B
Q1. (a). What are the different kinds of Nouns? Give five examples for each.

Ans. There are four kinds of nouns.

1. Common Noun.
Examples: - dog, man, table, water, metal
2. Proper Noun.
Examples: - France, Madrid, Mrs Smith, Tom, Michael
3. Abstract Noun.
Examples: - beauty, charity, courage, fear, joy
4. Collective Noun.
Examples: - crowd, flock, group, swarm, team
(b).What are adjectives? Make a chart using 5 adjectives with their comparative and
superlative degrees.
Ans. Adjectives: In grammar, an adjective is a 'describing' word; the main syntactic role of
which is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified.
Adjectives are one of the traditional eight English parts of speech, though linguists today
distinguish adjectives from words such as determiners that were formerly considered to be
adjectives. In this paragraph, "traditional" is an adjective, and in the preceding paragraph, "main"
and "more" are.
Positive

Comparative

Superlative

dark

darker

darkest

tall

taller

tallest

useful

more useful

most useful

bright

brighter

brightest

brave

braver

braves

Q2. What are the different kinds of Tenses? Write 2 sentences each on 'Present Perfect Tense',
'Past Perfect Tense' and 'Future continuous Tense'.
Ans. There are 12 types of Tenses.
1. Present Tense
2. Past Tense
3. Future Tense
4. Present Simple Tense
5. Present Continuous Tense
6. Present Perfect Tense
7. Past Simple Tense
8. Past Continuous Tense
9. Past Perfect Tense
10. Future Simple Tense
11. Future Continuous Tense
12. Future Perfect Tense
Sentences:
Present Perfect Tense:
1. I have written
2. He has written
Past Perfect Tense:
1. I had written
2. He had written
Future Continuous Tense:
1. I shall be writing
2. He will be writing

Q3.What are Articles? What is .the difference between Definite and Indefinite articles?
Ans.
Articles: An article is a word (or prefix or suffix) that combines with a noun to indicate the
type of reference being made by the noun. Articles specify the grammatical definiteness of the
noun, in some languages extending to volume or numerical scope. The articles in the English
language are the and a/an, and (in some contexts) some. 'An' and 'a' are modern forms of the Old
English 'an', which in Anglian dialects was the number 'one' (compare 'on', in Saxon dialects)
and survived into Modern Scots as the number 'and'. Both 'on' (respelled 'one' by the Normans)
and 'an' survived into Modern English, with 'one' used as the number and 'an' ('a', before nouns
that begin with a consonant sound) as an indefinite article.
In some languages, articles are a special part of speech, which cannot easily be combined with
other parts of speech. It is also possible for articles to be part of another part of speech category
such as a determiner, an English part of speech category that combines articles and
demonstratives (such as 'this' and 'that').
In languages that employ articles, every common noun, with some exceptions, is expressed with
a certain definiteness (e.g., definite or indefinite), just as many languages express every noun with
a certain grammatical number (e.g., singular or plural). Every noun must be accompanied by the
article, if any, corresponding to its definiteness and the lack of an article (considered a zero article)
itself specifies a certain definiteness. This is in contrast to other adjectives and determiners,
which are typically optional. This obligatory nature of articles makes them among the most
common words in many languagesin English, for example, the most frequent word is the.
The Difference between Definite and Indefinite articles:
Definite article: A definite article indicates that its noun is a particular one (or ones) identifiable
to the listener. It may be something that the speaker has already mentioned, or it may be
something uniquely specified. The definite article in English, for both singular and plural nouns,
is the.
The children know the fastest way home.
The sentence above refers to specific children and a specific way home; it contrasts with the
much more general observation that:
Children know the fastest way home.
The latter sentence refers to children in general, perhaps all or most of them.
Likewise,
Give me the book.
refers to a specific book whose identity is known or obvious to the listener; as such it has a
markedly different meaning from
Give me a book.
which does not specify what book is to be given.

The definite article can also be used in English to indicate a specific class among other classes:

The cabbage white butterfly lays its eggs on members of the Brassica genus.

Indefinite article: An indefinite article indicates that its noun is not a particular one (or ones)
identifiable to the listener. It may be something that the speaker is mentioning for the first time,
or its precise identity may be irrelevant or hypothetical, or the speaker may be making a general
statement about any such thing. English uses a/an, from the Old English forms of the number
'one', as its primary indefinite article. The form an is used before words that begin with a vowel
sound (even if spelled with an initial consonant, as in an hour), and a before words that begin
with a consonant sound (even if spelled with a vowel, as in a European).
She had a house so large that an elephant would get lost without a map.
Before some words beginning with a pronounced (not silent) h in an unstressed first syllable,
such as hallucination, hilarious, historic(al), horrendous, and horrific, some (especially older) British
writers prefer to use an over a (an historical event, etc.). An is also preferred before hotel by some
writers of British English (probably reflecting the relatively recent adoption of the word from
French, where the h is not pronounced). The use of "an" before words beginning with an
unstressed "h" is more common generally in British English than American. American writers
normally use a in all these cases, although there are occasional uses of an historic(al) in American
English. According to the New Oxford Dictionary of English, such use is increasingly rare in
British English too. Unlike British English, American English typically uses an before herb, since
the h in this word is silent for most Americans.

Assignment- C
In each of the following questions, out of the four alternatives select the right answers. Follow
Instructions.
Question 1 to 5: Change the Voice
1. She teaches us grammar.
a. Grammar is taught to us by her.
b. We are being taught grammar by her.
c. Grammar is being taught us by her.
d. We are taught grammar by her.
2. His pocket has been picked
a. They have his pocket picked.
b. Picking has been done to his pocket.
c. Picked has been his pocket.
d. Someone has picked his pocket.
3. A ball struck me on my head.
a. I was struck by a ball on the head.
b. My head was struck by a ball
c. I had been struck by a ball on the head.
d. I was struck on the head by a ball.
4. You must look into this matter
a. This matter can be looked into by you.
b. This matter may be looked into by you.
c. This matter must into looked by you.
d. This matter should be looked into by you.
5. My mother gifted me a car.
a. A car was gifted by my mother to me
b. I was gifted a car by my mother
c. I had been gifted a car by my mother
d. I was gifted by mother a car.
Questions 6 to 10: Change the Speech
6. "Please don't go 'away", she said
a. She said to please her and not to go away.
b. She told me not to go away
c. She begged that I not go away
d. She begged me not to go away.
7. She said to him, "Don't lick my brain",
a. She told him that don't lick a brain
b. She told him not to lick her brain
c. She told him not to lick my' brain
d. She asked him not to lick her brain.

8. He said, "where shall I be this time next year?

a. He asked that where should he be that time next year.
b. He wondered where he should that time the next year.
c. He contemplated where shall he be that time the following year.
d. He wondered where he would be that time the following year.
9. Rahul said, "What a beautiful scene'.
a. Rahul said that what a beautiful scene it was.
b. Rahul wondered that it was a beautiful scene.
c. Rahul exclaimed what a beautiful scene it was.
d. Rahul exclaimed that it was a very beautiful scene.
10. Ravi said to Manisha. "Will you help me in my work just now?"
a. Ravi asked Manisha if she would help him in his work just then.
b. Ravi questioned to Manisha that will you help me in my work just now.
c. Ravi told Manisha whether she will help him in his work just now.
d. Ravi asked to Manisha that will she help him in his work just now.
Questions: 11 to 15 : Synonyms
11.

PLACID
a.
CLEAR
b.
CALM
c.
ENJOYABLE
d.
DULL

12.

CONNOISSEUR
a.
IGNORANT
b.
LOVER OF ART
c.
DELINQUENT
d.
INTERPRETER

13

AMPLE
a.
SUFFICIENT
b.
SWIFT
c.
DETAILED
d.
HUGE

14.

LOQUACIOUS

a.
SAD
b.
QUIET
c.
SECRETIVE
d.
TALKATIVE
15. RECTIFY
a.
CONNECT
b.
MEND
c.
RESOLVE
d.
SOLVE
Questions: 16-20 One Word Substitution

16. An unexpected stroke of good luck.

a. Fortune
b. Boon
c. Windfall
d. Breakthrough
17.

One who lends money at high rate interest.

a. Solvent
b. Unsurer
c. Uxorious
d. Shylock

18.

Man whose wife has been unfaithful to him

a. Dandy
b. Concubine
c. Cuckold
d. Bastard

19.

A person who is made to bear the blame due to others.

a. Innocent
b. Ignoramous
c. Scapegoat
d. Nincompoop

20.

One who is likeable

a. Amicable
b. Amiable
c. Effusive
d. Ebullient

Questions: 21 to 30: Fill in the blanks with suitable articles.

21.

_______IS__ French are quite hard working

22.

March is a third month of___the______year.

23.

Sugar is sold four rupees_____a________kilo.

24.

Brevity is________an___soul of wit.

25.

____The_______ voice of man is_____a_______voice of God.

26.

This car can be driven at ____a_____ speed of 150km____in an_____hour.

27. Once____a_____man had____a______strange goose. It laid_____the______golden

egg everyday._______as____was very lucky to posses such______a________precious creature.
But he was greedy too. One day he thought, "one golden egg____a____day is not sufficient I
shall kill_____all_____goose and get hold of all____the______ gold contained in it"
28.

When______my______Principal saw Rohan beating Sonu mercilessly, he expelled

Rohan

from

____the_____school_____and_______

action

taken

by____the_______Principal was _____an______unexpected.

29.

He is ______an______officer in_____The_______ Ministry of. Foreign Affairs. He is

posted in____the_______states. He is_____The______youngest officer there. He
enjoys ____to___the work and opplays ____the______game of tennis in evening. For
his breakfast he takes___an____ apple ____with______egg and ___a__cup of coffee
only.

30.

___He is____scene at___the______ third class booking office was unforgettable. There
was no queue ____for_____passengers had got together at __the__same time around
__the__tickets window. Everybody wanted to have his ticket first____a_____passengers
pushed one another _____but_____train was late for __an____hour and ___a____half

Questions: 31-40 Fill in with suitable prepositions.

31.

He was charged__________ murder.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

32.

He rested____________ the shade of mango tree.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

33.

Below
Under
Over
In
Beneath

He is blind____________ one eye.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

34.

About
From
Of
For
In

Of
In
From
By
With

Cigarette smoking is injurious ___________health

a. for
b. to
c. about
d. on
e. from

35.

36.

I am fed up__________staying at this place.

a.
with
b.
from
c.
at
d.
for
e.
In
My examination starts__________Tuesday.
a.
from
b.
about
c.
since
d.
over
e.
on

37.

Translate the following passage____________a modern Indian Language

a.
in
b.
from
c.
of
d.
into
e.
on

38.

He turned ___________my request.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

39.

We should be prepared to make sacrifices ____________ our motherland.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

40.

of
out
about
of
down

to
for
on
at
upon

None ________the brave deserve the fair.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

of
but
form
at
no preposition is required

Case Study
Good Morning, Ladies and gentlemen. It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to the 62nd
Annual General meeting of your company. The 1996 97 Annual Accounts are with you but
before we get down to discussing it and responding to your questions and observations, may I
take this opportunity to say a few words.
Indian Economic Scenario
When we met twelve months ago, I had hoped that I would have a more cheerful picture to
paint for the country this year. The General Elections were over and although no political
party had secured a majority, the mere cobbling together of a United Front Government with
the support of the Congress party had given a flicker of hope that political wisdom and the
fear of facing the electorate soon again would allow a longer and more stable tenure to the
United Front Government and keep the wheels of government moving. Unfortunately, this
was not to be. Political gamesmanship took precedence over other national priorities and we
are back again to another round of elections, their results of which only astrologers and
political pundits dare predict. As a consequence, we have lost two valuable years to
consolidate and carry forward the Reforms. And given the political uncertainty, even the
Finance Ministers Dream Budget along with the easing of credit and interest rates failed to
kick-start the industrial revival. To add to the turmoil, the Asian currency crisis and the stock
market crash in the latter half of 1997 has given further ammunition to carry on the debate to
those not comfortable with the reforms and movement towards a free market economy.
In the meantime, with the central government budget largely absorbed by doles and subsidies
and oversized bureaucracy, there is precious little left to invest in infrastructure and social
development. With power shortages, choked ports, pathetic state of roadways and railways
looming on the horizon and crying out for immediate investments and proper management,
the country and its people are having to pay a heavy price for this inaction and prevarication.
It is time that we learnt to segregate politics from economic necessities. Even one billion
strong nation cannot reach the moon by holding hands. It will need the thrust to break
through the Earths gravitational pull. One must stop managing the issues of the twenty first
century with the mindset of the 19th century. In the interest of the country and India
incorporated, let by gones by bygones and let us concentrate on the present and improving
the future rater that harping on the past. The only way to provide a better future for the havenots is by the creation of National wealth. What therefore really matters is what investment
does to create more income and more employment, rather that who provides it or where it
comes from.
Performance Review
With your Companys business closely linked with and largely dependent on industrial activity
in the country, it performance of necessity reflects the state of industrial slowdown,
particularly in the Steel & Fabrication sectors, resulting in reduced off take of all our major
products. The margins too came under pressure with increased competitive activity in a
stagnant market. Besides, both gases and healthcare business are adversely affected by the
closure of your companys Delhi Unit at Kirtinagar from end November 1996, following the
Honble Supreme Courts order of 8th July 1996. It is estimated that this alone resulted in a
loss of Rs. 88 million in turnover and Rs.24 million I operating profit. In addition, voluntary
separation payments were higher than the previous year by Rs. 46 million, of which Mrs.

Million were as a result of voluntary separation payments to Delhi employees alone.

Consequently, whilst turnover at Rs. 2339 million increased by 4% over the previous year, the
operating profit (before depreciation, interest, taxation and extraordinary income) at Rs. 319
million and net profit after taxation at a little over Rs. 84 million, declined by 17.6% and
37.8% respectively.
Future Prospects
Having regard to the present economic scenario in Asia and the political uncertainty and
industrial slow done in the country, the prospects in the current year (1997/98) appear to be
no better and are expected to show an upturn in the following year. However, there is a silver
lining. The speed of progress on all the n3ew pr4oj3e4cts won by your company in the past
few years in a cause for satisfaction and gives praise off a steady income steam, which the
commissioning of the projects will ensure. Your companys results will also benefit in the
future with the commissioning of the Jamshedpur plant build for Tate Steel. This plant, apart
from supplying the bulk of its production to Tata Steel, will release for sale in the merchant
market a large quantity of low cost products.
Despite the somewhat subdued performance of this year, your company is well posed for
growth. The turnaround / consolidation phase successfully completed the priority is now to
grow through protection and expansion of your companys market share in its entire product
range by being close to its marketplace. Amount the initiatives already taken in this context
are the commissioning of two Liquid Compressing Stations in Tamil Nadu and West Bengal,
both markets of promise. More such facilities will be opened in the current financial year.
Right Issue
I am pleased to advise that the rights Issue vide letter of offer dated 11 July 1997 was
satisfactorily completed and 21,814,107 new ordinary shares were allotted on 22 September
1997 to the members on Right Basis in terms of the resolution passed by the members at the
General Meeting held on 25th April 1997. The funds so raised are being utilized for the
purposes mentioned in the letter of offer. As a result of this rights issue, the issued and
subscribed capital of your company now stands at Rs. 490,842,230 and the reserves and
surplus at Rs. 2,076,618,000.
Dividend
Considering the profits for the year, the expanded capital base and future economic scenario,
your directors have recommended a dividend of Rs. 2 per share (20%) and pro rata on the
Rights shares allotted on 22 September 1997. As the company is now required to bear the tax
on this divided, the shareholders will be pleased to not that this divided will be net of tax in
their hands.
Healthcare Business
You are aware of the BOC Groups decision to seek a purchaser5 for its global omeda
business, as it believes that the Health care business would develop better as a part of a larger
Healthcare business. In the absence of likely future support from the Group, your company,
too, proposes to seek satisfactory divestment of this business and your Directors will

approach you, once a suitable purchaser has been identified. The decision of the BOC group
plc to divest its ohmeda Healthcare business provides an opportunity for your company to
concentrate all its energies, resources and skills on its core business of Industrial and Medical
gases and cryogenic engineering.
Board Changes
Let me now advise you of some changes in your Board of Directors. You will recall that Mr.
Shashi S Prasad was elevated to the position of Vice Chairman & Managing Director w.e.f.31
Jan. 1997, in recognition of his leadership of your company since he took over as Managing
Director in1989. As a part of planned succession, he will step down as Managing Director at
the conclusion of this meeting, but will continue on the Board as Vice Chairman in an
executive capacity, thereby making available his vast knowledge and experience of the Gases
Industry to ensure a smoother transition. Please join me in thanking Mr. Prasad for his
valuable contribution to your company it its turnaround and consolidation phase.
I take this opportunity to welcome Mr. Raman Pandya who joined in your Board on 01 Jan.
1998 as Managing Director. Mr. Pandya brings to your company a wealth of knowledge and
experience. Having worked in leading companies in senior positions. I am sure that all of you
will extend your fullest support to Mr. Pandya as he leads BOC India further along the path
of growth, expansion and prosperity
I also welcome on your Mr. Gregory Leo Sedgwick who has considerable international
experience of the gases business. I am ensure we will benefit immensely from his experience
of Australian and Asia-pacific operations.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I would like to than each of you for your support and understanding. I would
also like to thank employees at all levels for their sustained efforts and support.
The BOC group has continued to support us proactively through technology transfers, know
how and international management practices. This support will become increasingly
important as your company takes on more investments and expansion programmes and I
extend my grateful thanks to them for all its help.
Thank You,
Q.1

What are the guidelines for preparing a speech?

Ans. The Guidelines for preparing a speech are:

Getting Started
When preparing your presentation, make sure you have a clear topic in mind. For example, if
you are asked to do a speech on writing manuals for model QRX desktop computers, you
may want to narrow it down to writing online installation instructions or converting legacy
manuals to CD-Rom format. Next, know your audience. When preparing a speech, keep the
following in mind:

Who am I speaking to?

How am I going to present this?

Why am I presenting this?

And, most importantly, what do I want people to do as a result of hearing what I have to
say?

Do you want your audience to:

Buy a product or service you are selling?

Invest in an investment fund or a startup company?

Learn how to effectively write online installation instructions?

In other words, what do you want to teach, convince or persuade people to do? When you are
starting to prepare your speech, it's a good idea to find out as much as possible about your
audience:

Age

Gender

Professions

Social Class

For example, you would write a different speech about writing online installation instructions
to a group of technical writers and a group of executives at their company. For the former
you would focus on the how-to part of the topic, while the latter is primarily interested in the
potential benefits involved.
Writing Your Speech
There are five basic parts to any speech:
1. Opener
2. Preview
3. Body
4. Review
5. Close
The opener gets people interested in what you have to say. Remember that we live in a clicker
culture where the average person is only going to pay attention to something for 60 to 90
seconds and beyond that, will tune you out unless it relates directly to him or her. You need
to try to make the beginning of your speech of value to your audience. Here are some ideas:

Ask a question and get people involved.

Tell a short story that will get their attention.

Use a quotation that is well-known but not a clich.

Tell people how what you have to say will personally benefit them

Remember, it is your responsibility to get people interested in what you have to say.
The preview leads into the body by giving the topic and objective of the speech. The body
should have no more than three key points. Professional speakers call this "The Rule of
Three."
The purpose of the review is to restate the three key points of the body. Here are three ways
to do that:

Metaphors: "Beware of small expenses: a small leak will sink a great ship." Benjamin
Franklin

Similes: "A man without a purpose is like a ship without a rudder." Robert Carlyle.

Humor: Helps people to remember your main points.

By using one of these three methods, you will help your audience remember what you have
said. It also shows the audience that your speech is almost over.
Finally, close the sale. Ask your audience to do something. To help do this, make sure to end
on a positive note-most people will remember something positive as opposed to something
negative!
Time Frame
Very important! The vast majority of speeches last about 30 minutes. Try to follow the
schedule below:
1. Opener: one to two minutes
2. Preview: three minutes
3. Body: 20 minutes
4. Review: two minutes
5. Close: three minutes
If you have a different time frame, adjust each section accordingly.
Using these guidelines to developing a speech or presentation, will make things go much
smoother. Don't forget to practice, practice, and practice. The more you practice the more
comfortable you'll feel about your speech. Remember: The more you know your material, the
easier it is to give a presentation.
Q.2

Comment on the beginning & middle of the speech?

Ans. In the beginning of the speech it is been discussed about the Indian Economic
Scenario &
Performance Review and in the Middle of the speech it discussed about the Future
Prospects & Right Issue.

Q.3

Did the speaker make any forceful assertions? If yes, when.

Ans. Yes, the speaker make forceful assertion when Board Changes
Let me now advise you of some changes in your Board of Directors. You will recall that Mr.
Shashi S Prasad was elevated to the position of Vice Chairman & Managing Director w.e.f.31
Jan. 1997, in recognition of his leadership of your company since he took over as Managing
Director in1989. As a part of planned succession, he will step down as Managing Director at
the conclusion of this meeting, but will continue on the Board as Vice Chairman in an
executive capacity, thereby making available his vast knowledge and experience of the Gases
Industry to ensure a smoother transition. Please join me in thanking Mr. Prasad for his
valuable contribution to your company it its turnaround and consolidation phase.
I take this opportunity to welcome Mr. Raman Pandya who joined in your Board on 01 Jan.
1998 as Managing Director. Mr. Pandya brings to your company a wealth of knowledge and
experience. Having worked in leading companies in senior positions. I am sure that all of you
will extend your fullest support to Mr. Pandya as he leads BOC India further along the path
of growth, expansion and prosperity.