Materi Geografi

Pengembangan Infrastruktur
Secara Berkelanjutan
(Sustainable Infrastructure Development)
Oleh
Prof. T Ilyas
Departemen Teknik Sipil
Fak .Teknik
Universitas Indonesia
Milik MPKT B dan hanya untuk dipergunakan di lingkungan akademik Universitas Indonesia
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Why Problem-Based Research?
I keep six honest serving-men

(They taught me all I knew);
Their names are What and Why and When
And How and Where and Who
(Kipling, 1902/1988, p. 3)
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The World Resources Institute

findings in 1992
This planet has reached a critical stage of degradation in
three areas:
1. erosion of the global soil base, reducing the worlds
capacity for food production as populations rise;
2. loss of forests and wild lands leading to loss of
biodiversity, threat to indigenous cultures, and
degradation of slopes and watersheds;
3. accumulation of pollutants and greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, leading to local hazards to soils, vegetation
and human health, and the threat of global climate change
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Material use in industry over a 100-year period
Construction materials
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Buildings worldwide consume about 40% of the planets material resources

and 30% of its energy. The construction of buildings is estimated to consume 3
billion tonnes of raw material per year, and generates between 10% and 40% of
the solid waste stream in most countries.
Image from the presentation of Dr. Matthew Realff at NSF workshop 2006
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
SUSTAINABLE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
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Why sustainable
Jumlah penduduk dunia 7 milyar jiwa di 2011
Thomas Malthus*, 1978, 1803 said that population when uncheck increased
in a geometrical ratio and subsistence for man in an arithemetical ratio.
World population has more than doubled from 2.52 billion in 1950 to 5.29
billion in 1990 and is estimated to exceed 6 billion early this century (UNEP,
1999).
Pollution
Pollution is essentially an anthropogenic process and can be characterized as
water pollution, air pollution and waste disposal on land. Examples of
pollution include sewage, smog, hazardous waste, fertilizers and garbage.
Pollution becomes a problem only when the natural assimilative ability of
ecosystems is reached.
* An Essay on the principle of Population
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Why sustainable (2)

Hutan tropis yang sudah jauh berkurang. masalah rumah kaca
In the year 900, 40% of the Earth was covered by forest. In 1900, the forested area was
reduced to 30%, a reduction of 10% over one thousand years. Today only 20% of the Earths
surface is forested, another 10% reduction for just one hundred years and the remaining
forests are decreasing at an accelerating rate (Bates, 1990).
The need for timber and industry employment must be balanced against conservation through
effective resource management.
Kenaikan temperatur dunia (climate change) es di kutub mencair

Of all the global environmental problems, climate change is the most pervasively
threatening to human well-being and in many respects the most intractable
(Schipperand Meyers, 1994, p. 21). Earths ecosystems.
Global warming is caused by the build-up of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, water
vapour, methane, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), nitrous oxide and ozone which trap energy
on the Earths surface.
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Why sustainable (3)

Temperatures Have Warmed Over the Past Century
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Source: University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) (1997), p. 20
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The three legs of the sustainability stool

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How to achieve sustainability

Peter P. Rogers, Kazi F. Jalal, et al, 1997., having said nine ways to
achieve sustainability
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Leave everything in the pristine state, or return it to its pristine state.

Develop so as to not overwhelm the carrying capacity of the system.
Sustainability will take care of itself as economic growth proceeds
(Kuznets).
Polluter and victim can arrive at an efficient solution by themselves
(Coase).
Let the markets take care of it.
Internalize the externalities.
Let the national economic accounting systems reflect defensive
expenditures.
Reinvest rents for nonrenewable resources (weak and strong
sustainability).
Leave future generations the options or the capacity to be as well off as
we are.
Measuring Environmental Quality in Asia , 2007
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PlaNYC identifies sustainability goals for New York City for the six pillars of
land, air, water, transportation, energy, and climate change. PlaNYC, the City of
New York
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Issues building ecolologi :

reduced waste
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Multi-purpose rainwater
management
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Modular houses for Irian Jaya. This Tropical Series design used prefabricated timberframed wall and roof trusses. The simple connection details allowed for local assembly
and easy shipment to the remote township in the west of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Simple
technology allows for easy construction, maintenance and eventual disassembly.
Source: John Baird, Fairweather Homes Pty Ltd, Australia.
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References
Rogers PP., Jalal KJ., Boyd JA., An introduction to
sustainability Development , Earthscan, 2008
Langston CA., Ding GKC., Sustainable practices in built
environment, Elsevier, 2ed, 2001
John Becker et all., and Bill Reed., The integrative
design to green building : redefining the
practice of
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sustainability design. JhonWiley ,2009
Sustainable infrastructure in Asia, United Nation
Publication, 2007
Master Plan Pecepatan Pembangunan Ekonomi
Indonesia (MP3EI) 2011-2025
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Energy technologies
Unsustainable
Fossil fuels, i.e. coal, oil and gas
Large-scale hydropower
Thermal nuclear reactors
Sustainable
Solar
Wind
Wave
Tidal
Small-scale hydropower
Biomass
Geothermal
Fast nuclear reactors
Nuclear fusion
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Materi Geografi

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Pengembangan Infrastruktur

Why Problem-Based Research?

I keep six honest serving-men

The World Resources Institute

Material use in industry over a 100-year period

Buildings worldwide consume about 40% of the planets material resources

SUSTAINABLE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

* An Essay on the principle of Population

Why sustainable (2)

Kenaikan temperatur dunia (climate change) es di kutub mencair

Why sustainable (3)

The three legs of the sustainability stool

How to achieve sustainability

Leave everything in the pristine state, or return it to its pristine state.

Issues building ecolologi :

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