ASSIGNMENT

(CE-504: Advanced Engineering Mathematics)

Submitted To
Submitted By
Roll No.
Department
Date of Submission

:
:
:
:
:

Prof. Dr. Shamsul Haque

S. Asad A. Naqvi
St 23 / 2010-11
Civil Engineering Department
6th November, 2010

PROBLEM # 1:
Find the smallest positive root of the equation to 6 decimal places:
x + 0.3 cos x 1.5 = 0

SOLUTION:
The Iterative function will be,
x = 1.5 0.3 cos x (1)
First Iteration will be,
Let x = 1,
(1) => x = 1.5 0.3 cos (1)
x = 1.337909
Also, second Iteration will be,
x = 1.337909,
(1) => x = 1.5 0.3 cos (1.337909)
x = 1.43076
Similarly,
For x

Difference ()

1.337909

0.337909

1.337909

1.430764

0.092855

1.430764

1.458127

0.027363

1.458127

1.466271

0.008144

1.466271

1.468699

0.002428

1.468699

1.469424

0.000725

1.469424

1.46964

0.000216

1.46964

1.469705

6.5 x 10-05

1.469705

1.469724

1.9 x 10-05

1.469724

1.46973

6 x 10-06

1.46973

1.469732

2 x 10-06

1.469732

1.469732

0
1

PROBLEM # 2:
Find all roots of the following equation to 4 decimal places. Use Newton Raphson
method to find at least one of the roots:
4x 28x + 51x - 26 = 0

SOLUTION:
Iteration scheme is given by,
xn+1

= xn

n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, . . .

Let x0 = 0
f(x)
= 4x 28x + 51x - 26
f(x) = 12x 56x + 51
f(x0) = 4x0 28x0 + 51x0 26
f(x0) = 12x0 56x0 + 51
X1
= 0 (-26)/51
Similiarly,
X2
= 0.51 (-6.7472) / 25.5697
X3
= 0.77 (--1.45) / 14.857
X4
= 0.87 (-0.174) / 11.317
X5
= 0.88 (-0.004) / 10.78
X6
= 0.88 (1E-06) / 10.766
Error =

=
=
=

-26
51
0.5098

=
=
=
=
=

0.7736
0.8713
0.8867
0.8871
0.8871

0.00

PROBLEM # 3:
Solve the Initial Value Problem:
y = x - y
y(0) = 1
For x = 0.6 taking h = 0.2 using Taylors method (consider derivatives up to 4th order) as
Predictor and Trapezoidal rule as Corrector.

SOLUTION:
Using Taylors Method as Predictor,
y(x0 + h) = y(x0) + hy(x0) + (h/2!) y(x0) + (h/3!) y(x0) + (h4/4!) y(x0)
y
= x - y
y = 2x 2y y'
y = 2 - 2(y y'' + y' y')
Using Trapezoidal rule as Corrector,
yn+1 = yn + h/2 x [f(xn,yn) + f(xn+1,yn+1)]
FOR y(0.2)

xn

0.0000

Xn+1

0.2000

yn

1.0000

Yn+1

xn

yn

y'(xn)

y'' (xn)

y''' (xn)

y'''' (xn)

Yn+1

f(Xn+1,Yn+1)

Yn+1 corrected

0.0000

1.0000

-1.0000

2.0000

-4.0000

8.0000

0.8352

-0.6576

0.8342

xn

0.2000

Xn+1

0.4000

yn

0.8342

Yn+1

xn

yn

y'(xn)

y'' (xn)

y''' (xn)

y'''' (xn)

Yn+1

f(Xn+1,Yn+1)

Yn+1 corrected

0.2000

0.8342

-0.6559

1.4943

-1.3534

1.7127

0.7312

-0.3747

0.7311

FOR y(0.4)

FOR y(0.6)

xn

0.4000 Xn+1

0.6000

yn

0.7311 Yn+1

xn

yn

y'(xn)

y'' (xn)

y''' (xn)

y'''' (xn)

Yn+1

f(Xn+1,Yn+1)

Yn+1 corrected

0.4000

0.7311

-0.3745

1.3476

-0.2510

-1.2463

0.6827

-0.1061

0.6830

PROBLEM # 4:
Solve the Initial Value Problem:
y = 4e-x 2y
y(0) = 2
For x = 0.6 taking h = 0.2 using Runge-Kutta method of 4th order.

SOLUTION:
For y(0.2)
xo = 0

yo = 2

x1 = 0.2

y1 = ?
x

f (X,Y)

K1

h f(xo,yo)

0.0000

2.0000 0.0000

0.0000

K2

h f(xo + h/2 , yo + k1/2)

0.1000

2.0000 -0.3807

-0.0761

K3

h f(xo + h/2 , yo + k2/2)

0.1000

1.8097 0.0000

0.0000

K4

h f(xo + h , yo + K3)

0.2000

2.0000 -0.7251

-0.1450

= (1/6) x (k1+2k2+2k3+k4) =

-0.0495

1.9505

For y(0.4)
xo = 0.2

yo = 1.9505

x1 = 0.4

y1 = ?
x

f (X,Y)

K1

h f(xo,yo)

0.2000

1.9505 -0.6261

-0.1252

K2

h f(xo + h/2 , yo + k1/2)

0.3000

1.6375 -0.3117

-0.0623

K3

h f(xo + h/2 , yo + k2/2)

0.3000

1.7947 -0.6261

-0.1252

K4

h f(xo + h , yo + K3)

0.4000

1.3244 0.0324

0.0065

= (1/6) x (k1+2k2+2k3+k4) =

-0.0823

1.8682

For y(0.6)
xo = 0.4

yo = 1.8682

x1 = 0.6

y1 = ?
x

f (X,Y)

K1

h f(xo,yo)

0.4000

1.8682 -1.0551

-0.2110

K2

h f(xo + h/2 , yo + k1/2)

0.5000

1.3406 -0.2552

-0.0510

K3

h f(xo + h/2 , yo + k2/2)

0.5000

1.7406 -1.0551

-0.2110

K4

h f(xo + h , yo + K3)

0.6000

0.8131 0.5691

0.1138

= (1/6) x (k1+2k2+2k3+k4) =

-0.1036

1.7646

PROBLEM # 5:
Find Eigen values and the corresponding normalized Eigen vector of the Matrix:
A=

SOLUTION:
A=

(A I)

=>

- (1)

Equation (1) has non trivial solution if,

Det (A I) = 0 = >

=0

Solving det (A - I) we get,

2 [(-4 x 5 ) - (-6 x 3)] (-3) [3 (5 ) - (6 x 3)] +
(3) [(3 x 6) - (6 x -4 )] =
0
2 [-20 + 4 - 5 + + 18] (-3) [15 3 - 18] + (3) [(18) - (-24 6)]

= 0

2 [-2 - + ] + [-9 9] + (3) [6 + 6)]

= 0

- + 3 + 9 + 5

= 0

Multiplying both sides by - we get,

- 3 - 9 -5

= 0

- (2)

By solving equation # 2, we get,

= 5 & = -1
For = 5, the equation will be,
=

R2 - R3

R2 R1

R3

R1

R23 & R1 x -1 ~

x 1 + x2 x 3 = 0
x 1 x2 + 0
=0
Let x1 = 1, then x2 = 1 & x3 = 2
| |=

Normalized Vector of this matrix for an Eigen value of 5 will be,

Now, for = -1, the equation will be,

=

R1 R2

2R1 R3

R1 / 3

=
7

 x 1 + x2 + x3 = 0
Let x1 = 1& x2 = 1, then x3 = -2
| |=

Normalized Vector of this matrix for an Eigen value of -1 will be,