Q1) Execute basic networking commands.

1) Ping-: Ping is a computer network administration software utility used to test the
reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the round-trip
time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer.

2)

Ipconfig-: In computing, ipconfig (internet protocol configuration) in Microsoft

Windows is a console application that displays all current TCP/IP network configuration
values and can modify Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP and Domain Name
System DNS settings.

3) Tracert-: In computing, traceroute is a computer network diagnostic tool for displaying

the route (path) and measuring transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol (IP)
network.

4) Netstat-: In computing, netstat (network statistics) is a command-line tool that displays

network connections for the Transmission Control Protocol (both incoming and
outgoing), routing tables, and a number of network interface (network interface controller
or software-defined network interface) and network protocol statistics.

5) Arp-: The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a telecommunication protocol used for
resolution of network layer addresses into link layer addresses, a critical function in
multiple-access networks.

Q2) Find current lab settings.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Workstation name
Operating System
Version
CPU type
Amount of RAM
Display setting
Network update setting
Browser version
TCP/IP setting

Q 4) Basics about anonymous file transfer programs

Q.5. To view your ARP table.

Q.6. Introduction to Interface configuration

Q3) Icons for computer diagram(Take minimum 5 devices).

(1) Switch-: A switch is a computer networking device that connects devices together on a
computer network, by using packet switching to receive, process and forward data to the
destination device. A network switch forwards data only to one or multiple devices that need to
receive it, rather than broadcasting the same data out of each of its ports.
A network switch is a multiport network bridge that uses hardware addresses to process and
forward data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Switches can also process data at
the network layer (layer 3) by additionally incorporating routing functionality that most
commonly uses IP addresses to perform packet forwarding; such switches are commonly known
as layer-3 switches or multilayer switches.

(2) Router-: A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer
networks. A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks. When a data
packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the address information in the packet to
determine its ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy,
it directs the packet to the next network on its journey. This creates an overlay internetwork.
Routers perform the "traffic directing" functions on the Internet. A data packet is typically
forwarded from one router to another through the networks that constitute the internetwork until
it reaches its destination node.

(3) Hubs-: A hub is the most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other
network devices together. Unlike a network switch or router, a network hub has no routing tables
or intelligence on where to send information and broadcasts all network data across each
connection. Most hubs can detect basic network errors such as collisions, but having all
information broadcast to multiple ports can be a security risk and cause bottlenecks. In the past
network hubs were popular because they were much cheaper than a switch and router, but today
most switches do not cost much more than a hub and are a much better solution for any network.

(4) Gateways-: A network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining together two
networks that use different base protocols. A network gateway can be implemented completely in
software, completely in hardware, or as a combination of both. Depending on the types of
protocols they support, network gateways can operate at any level of the OSI model.

(5) Bridge-: A bridge is a device that separates two or more network segments within one logical
network (e.g. a single IP-subnet). A bridge is usually placed between two separate groups of
computers that talk with each other, but not that much with the computers in the other group. A
bridge device filters data traffic at a network boundary. Bridges reduce the amount of traffic on a
local area network (LAN) by dividing it into two segments. Bridges operate at the data link layer

(Layer 2) of the OSI model. Bridges inspect incoming traffic and decide whether to forward or
discard it.