Chapter 7-10 Review Sheet
Louisiana Purchase
Livingston & Monroe signed agreement for Louisiana
Purchase; United States gave 15 million dollars to France.
Louisiana Purchase has a loose interpretation of boundaries;
4/30/1803
Lewis & Clark Expedition
1. N.W. Passage
2. Map
3. Conduct relations with natives
4. Find mineral resources
Monroe Doctrine
1. Europe: Out of Western Hemisphere
2. Europe: Non-colonization
3. U.S. remains out of European Affairs (isolationism)
- against European in general
Clay’s American System: internal and economic
developments
1. Internal improvements
2. Protective tariff
3. Uniformity in manufacturing government weapons
Virginia Dynasty
Dynasty that presidents came from Virginia
Jefferson  Madison  Monroe
Tariff of 1828
Protective tax/tariff on imported goods; help north, hurt south
Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819
Spain gave up Florida and claims north of 42nd parallel in
pacific NW  US gave up claims in Texas
Fight over the Bank of the US
Jackson was against the Bus because they issued soft money.
The BUS was the most powerful financial institution.
Jackson supported hard money or species, condemned
banknotes
Jackson vetoes charter of 2nd Bus
Jackson fired two secretary of states because they did not
allow Jackson to remove government deposits from the bank,
however Taney placed money in state banks/ pet banks.
Nicholas Biddle (2nd BUS president) increased interest rates,
which lead to unpopular tactics and ended chances of a re-
charter of BUS.
The BUS died in 1836
Jacksonian Democracy: Age of “Common Man”
Transformation of politics, extended voting rights to new
groups
1) convention
2) campaigning
3) political platforms: public stance on issued
4) patronage: govt. jobs to supporters “spoils system”
Independent Treasury Act
An act to provide for the better Organization of the Treasury,
and for the collection, safe keeping, transfer, and
disbursement of the public revenue.
– Remove money & place into separate banks  nobody
can use it
– Response to Panic of 1837
Jackson and the Indians
Trail of Tears – Cherokee trekked to Indian Territory
(Oklahoma); the route was known as the “trail where they
cried”  Trail of Tears
All five civilized tribes were forced to relocate to Indian
territory
Indian Removal Act of 1830: Appropriated money to
finance federal negotiations with southern tribes aimed at
relocating them to the west
Cherokee Nation v. GA of 1831: Cherokee tried to stop white
encroachments (from moving the Cherokees west) 
“domestic dependent nation”; Marshall’s decision was not
enforced because of Jackson’s hostility
Worcester v. GA of 1832: Cherokee received federal
protection from state government
Black Hawk Wars (1831-1832)
Black Hawk (warrior), Sauk & Fox Indians refused to recognize
cession of tribal lands in Illinois  resettled  whites used
state militia and federal troops to repel invaders
Sauk & Fox defeated, Black Hawk was captured and sent on
tour of east
The Courts and Business
Fletcher v Peck: Land grants are valid despite corruption;
protection of contracts
Dartmouth College v Woodward: Gov can’t violate contracts;
charters & corporations
Missouri Compromise
Henry Clay helps to draft it
1. Missouri = slave state
2. Maine = Free State
3. No slavery in Louisiana territory, North of 36”30
4. No slave trade in D.C.
Tallmadge Amendment
Prohibit further introduction of slaves into Missouri & gradual
emancipation when Missouri applied to become state
“Era of Good Feelings”
True: Monroe, Federalists ceased to exist, one party
Not true: increase sectionalism, panics, tariff of 1816
Tariff of Abomination 1828: protective north industries
from the competition of Eur.  forces south to pay more on
goods they didn’t produce  hurt and angered south
The Whig Party
Northern merchants/industrialists
Clay’s “American System”
No spoil system
Strong central gov’t
Anti-Jackson forces
2nd Party System: Whigs vs. Democrats
Voting Rights
Ohio & western state constitutions guaranteed all adult white
males the right to vote, all voters had the right to hold public
office  other states followed this removal of land
requirement
Jackson Age: extended voting rights to new groups, removal
of land-holding law
Modern Political Parties
1) convention, campaigning, pamphleteering
2) political platforms: public stance on issues
3) Patronage – govt. jobs to supporters “spoils system”
“King Andrew” or “Champion of the Common Man”
King Andrew: veto power, destroyed 2nd BUS, used military
force when South Carolina attempted to secede (to make sure
Acts of Congress were obeyed)
Champion of the Common Man: voting rights (property
ownership requirement decreased), increased
democratization
Peggy Eaton Affair
Jackson ordered wives of the cabinet to accept Eaton’s new
wife (Peggy, her husband died)  ruin his Cabinet  Kitchen
Cabinet
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Van Buren accepted Eaton, while Calhoun refused 
succeeded Jackson presidency
Kitchen Cabinet
Jackson’s informal advisors, because its members were all his
close political allies and exercised more influence on his
decisions than his formal presidential cabinet did.
Nullification and the tariff of 1832
New tariff in 1832  hurt S, benefit N/W
South Carolina Exposition  wanted to nullify tariff of 1828 &
secession from Union 
Force Bill  Jackson’s use of military forces to enforce
Congress act 
Clay’s Compromise  lower tariff ‘til 1842 = 1816 level
Webster – Hayne Debate
State’s rights vs. national rights
Tariff of 1828-> debate -> hurt south
Webster: liberty and union, now and forever, one and
inseparable; won debate
Jackson: Out federal union-it must be preserved; supported
Webster
Hayne/Calhoun: The union, next to our liberty most dear;
compact theory, supported secession
Tippecanoe and Tecumseh
A Shawnee chief, Tecumseh and the Prophet tried to unite
Native American tribes in Ohio and Indiana to keep the region
under native control and ward off white rule. His forces were
defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe, Tecumseh later allied
with the British during the War of 1812.
Embargo of 1807
Prohibited American ships from leaving the US for any foreign
port anywhere in the world
Can’t trade with foreigners
Short term: Panic
Long term: N.E.  industrialization  self-sufficient
(Northeast, manufacturing factories)
Development of manufacturing in America
Lowell Massachusetts: paternalism
Young farm girls  Young Irish single women
Deskilling: replacing workers without skills with machines,
removal of artisans
Early trade unions: not effect because they were local and
social, no gov’t support
Who worked in the industries: women
Brandywine Iron Works: family owned, took care of workers
when injured, opposite of Lowell & paternalism
Paternalism: treat like children – going to church, curfew,
dormitory, no vulgar language (Lowell Factory)
Early: fatherly relationship between workers and employees
The War of 1812
Causes: Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
(impressment), Indian Problems, trade restrictions
How tensions before it affected American development
Results: Federalist party died after Hartford Convention
Chesapeake Affair: British went on Chesapeake (US ship) for
impressments but they weren’t let on board, so they opened
fire on the Americans
War Hawks
Webster: Canada
Calhoun: Florida for slaves
Clay: western expansion, settle problems with natives
Death of the Federalist Party: Due to the Hartford
Convention
Hartford Convention: reasserts nullification, hinted at
secession (Connecticut)
Battle of New Orleans: US signed treaty with Britain before
Battle of New Orleans, Jackson defeated British

Non-Intercourse Act Marbury v. Madison: strengthened Supreme court, judicial

Replaced Embargo Act review (unconstitutional)
reopened trade with all nation
McCullough v. Maryland: Federal supremacy
Macon’s Bill No.2 Gibbons v. Ogden: federal government controls interstate
US can trade with Britain and France as long as one respected commerce
neutral trade Commonwealth v. Hunt: legalized unions

Panic of 1819
Developing middle class
Over-speculation of western lands, loose lending practices of
Who: small merchants, small business owners
state banks, decline in European demands for American staple
New symbols: bought factory good, adornished home, front
goods, mismanagement within the second BUS  Worsened
porch community
social divisions within the US, blame on 2nd BUS
Divide between rich and poor: middle class women didn’t
Panic of 1837
work
Collapse of 2nd BUS + Specie Circular (required for payment of
Social mobility: can move up/down ladder of social class
gov’t land in gold/silver)  Panic
New roles for women:
Fight over the Bank of the US:
CoD: cult of domesticity, males were to support the family
Jefferson opposed the BUS because he blamed it for causing
while women stayed at home and were role models for
the panic, it hurt the region where he was from (west)
children, did home chores
Specie circular: required payment for public land in gold or
Sphere: domesticity, inside housework
silver
Working v. middle class: middle class women did not work
Pet banks: state banks that were used to place federal
Female education: elementary education, not allowed higher
government money during the second BUS
education
Mt. Holyoke: 1837, 1st college for women
Election of 1824
Who: Clay  transfer votes to J.Q. Adams
Influence of technology on farming
Where: House of Representatives
Deere’s steel plow
Corrupt bargain: Henry Clay convinced Congress to elect
McCormick’s reaper
Adams over Jackson
Smaller families: less children because they had machines
and didn’t need their labor
Population dynamics from 1800:
Northeast/Northwest
Ties between NW & NE: NW produced the food for the NE,
Immigrants: German & Irish, Germans: Midwest (farms), Irish
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NE produced manufactured goods

Transportation changes
Railroad and steamboats increased transportation
Erie Canal: important because it connected the N.E. to N.W.
(Great Lakes)

Immigration
Old Stock: England, Ireland, Germany
Irish: most discrimination ‘cos they were Catholics
Irish (potato famine , NE), German: (NW, political freedom)

Nativists Know Nothings

Opposed new immigrants  3rd Party System

Webster Ashburton Treaty (Arostook War)

Established a firm northern boundary between the US Maine &
Canada