Anthropomtry Modul

Practicum 2013/2014

ANTHROPOMETRY
A. Practicum Purposes
1.

Giving procedural thinking in performing analyzation and redesigning to students.

2.

Mastering interaction between human and machine, tools, material and work
environment.

3.

Able to understand the existance of anthropometry data and use it to redesigning /

rearrange work system.

4.

Able to designing certain work station in certain work work environment.

5.

Able to use anthropometry data in designing products using software AUTOCAD,

Google SketchUp, 3Dmax, etc.

B. INPUT AND OUTPUT

Input:
a)

Steps of measuring body dimensions

Output:
a)

Video record and data of anthropometry.

C. TOOLS
Tools and material used in this practicum such as :
a.

Weightscales

b.

Anthopometer

c.

Anthropometry chair

d.

Lenght measure tools / ruler

e.

Flexible curve

f.

Observation sheet

D. PRACTICUM PROCEDURE
a. Choosing object of obsevation and measure the anthropometry body dimension
b. Note the data and record the process of measurement.
c. Filling the observation sheet based on acquired anthropometry data.

Anthropomtry Modul
Practicum 2013/2014

E. REFERENCESS
Niebel, B. & Freivalds, A., 2002. Methods, Standards and Work Design 11th ed.
Recherche, 67, p.02.
Purnomo, Hari. 2004. Antropometri dan Aplikasinya. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Nurmianto, E., 1996. Ergonomi Konsep Dasar dan Aplikasinya. Edisi pertama. Cet, 3.
Roebuck, J.A., 1995. Anthropometric Methods: Designing to Fit the Human Body,
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Santa Monica, CA.
Tayyari, F. & Smith, J.L., 1997. Occupational Ergonomics: Principles and
Applications, Chapman & Hall.
Wickens, C.D.; Lee J.D.; Liu Y.; Gorden Becker S.E. 2004. An Introduction to Human
Factors Engineering. 2nd Edition. Pearson Education Inc.
F. THEORY
1.

Anthropometry
Antrhopometry derived from anthro means human and metry means size.

Anthropometry can be interpreted as a study related to body dimension measurement.

Basically there are any differences between human shape, size, height, weight in one
and the others. Anthropometry data generally will be used as ergonomic interaction
consideration. Acquired anthropometry data would be applicated widely such as :
1. Design of work area (work station, cars interior , etc)
2. Design of work tools (utensils, mechine, etc)
3. Design of consumtives product (clothes, chair, table,etc)
4. Design of physical environment
Design of healthy and comfortable working tools or work station can be used to
be working expectation. Therefore, the design should be costumized

based on

workers need so that can increasing work performance (Purnomo, 2013).

Measurement of anthropometry devided into 2 classes, they are :
1) Static Anthropometry: the measurement conducted to human body in
stationary position.
2) Dinamic Anthropometry: the body measurement conducted when body still in
moving state, so that measurement more complex and more difficult to
measure.

Anthropomtry Modul
Practicum 2013/2014

There are 3 fundamental law anthropometry data that used by ergonomic experts in
designing product (Niebel & Freivalds 2002).
a. Design to extreem, means that for designing work station or work environment
using extreem anthropometry data.
b. Design to adjustment, designer have to design adjustable tools dimension or
certain facilities to users
c. Design to wedely user, designer should using avarage anthropometry data in
designing certain facilities dimension.
Factors that makes variances of body dimension, there are (Wieckens et al, 2004):
a) Age
b) Sex
c) Etnics and race
d) Works/duty
Aside from 4 factors above, there are certain condition that makes variability of
body dimension bigger, such as :
a. Difable
b. Climate
c. Pregnancy

2. Designing Work Station

Stages in worktation design concerning work space design with giving data
anthropomotry consideration (Roebuck 1995), are :
a. Estabilish requirement needs
b. Define the user population
c. Selecting used sample
d. Determination data source (body data measure) and selecting used percentile
data
e. Preparing used measuring instrument
f. Colecting the data
g. Data Processing
h. Visualization design considering natural body posture, allowance in using
clothes and space, and variance moves
i. Analysis data result
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Anthropomtry Modul
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3. Processing Anthropometry Data

Several data procesing should be done in athropotry data (Nurmianto, 1996 %
Tayyari, 1997) are :
a. Data sufficiency test

K = Confidance level
If confidance level 99%, then k = 2,58 3
If confidence level 95%, then k = 1,96 2
If confidence level 68%, then k 1
S = Degree of accuracy
i. If N ' N (number of theoretical observations less than or equal to the actual
observations), then the data is deemed to have sufficient confidence level and
the desired degree of accuracy, so that the data can be processed.
ii. But if otherwise, where N '> N (number of observations is greater than the
number of theoretical existing observations), then the data are not sufficiently
stated. Truly, the observational data must be augmented to be greater than the
theoretical amount of observational data.
b. Normality data test
Normality test data is intended to show that the data samples come from
populations that are normally distributed. The steps of processing normality data
and percentile using SPSS as shown below:
a) Input body dimension in data view panel
b) Go to variable data view panel then column name replace with dimension
name
c) Data processing :
i. Click on analyze, select descriptive statistics, then explore
ii. Input all variables as dependent variables
ii. Checklist both in toolbox display
iii. Click statistic : checklist descriptive, percentile, then continue
iv. Click plots : checklist none in boxplots, stem and leaf in descriptive
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v. Checklist normality with test, then continue

vi. Click option : Checklist exclude cases listwise, then continue
vii. Click continue. Result of data processing will be displayed.
c. Uniformity data test
Upper control limit / Lower control limit (UCL / LCL)
UCL = X k
LCL = X k

= standard deviation

d. Percentile
Percentile is certain value that indicates certain percentage from certain people
lower or in the measurements value (Tayyari & Smith 1997). For example, P5
percentile will shows 95% population, the data is retrieved as shown below:

Figure 1. Normal Distribution

Generally, percentile used are :
P5 = X 1,645
P50 = X
P95 = X 1,645
It can also giving tolerance of differencesmay be found from available data in
giving recomendation certain design (allowance).

Anthropomtry Modul
Practicum 2013/2014

Anthropomtry Modul
Practicum 2013/2014

Attachment of body dimensions

Figure 2. Sitting position

Figure 3. Standing position

Anthropomtry Modul
Practicum 2013/2014

Figure 4. Foot and Hand Dimension

Figure 5. Head Dimension

Table 1. Sit and Stand Measurement Discription
No.

Measured Dimension

Symbol

Upright Sitting High

TDT

Sitting Soulder Height

TBD

Sitting Eyes Height

TMD

Shoulder Width

LB

Description
Vertical height pedestal sit until tip of
the head. Subject sitting upright and
look straigh ahead make 90 degree
angle.
Vertical height pedestal sit until
prominent shoulder while sitting upright
Vertical height pedestal sit until eyes
while sitting upright
Horizontal width between upper of the
arm, subject sitting upright while the
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No.

Measured Dimension

Symbol

Upper Shoulder Width

LBA

Sitting Elbow Height

TSD

Tight Thickness

TP

Popliteal Height

TPO

Buttock Popliteal

PPO

10

Buttock Knee

PKL

11

Hip Width

12

Lower arm lenght

PLB

13

Standing Elbow Height

TSB

14

Arm Span

15

Standing Eyes Height

TMB

16

Body Height

TBT

17

Hand Reach

JT

18

Standing Shoulder
Height

19

Body Thickness

LP

RT

TBB
TB

Description
upper arms draw closer to the body and
lower arms strtched forward
Horizontal width between upper
prominent shoulder, subject sitting
upright while upper arms draw closer to
body and lower arms stretched forward
Vertical height of pedestal sit until down
tip right elbow. Subject sitting upright
and arms formed 90 degree of angle.
Lenght of surface until top of tight while
subject sitting upright
Vertical height floor until down tip of
tight
Horizontal lenght outer part of buttock
until hollow part of knee. Tight and
lower foot make a right angle
Horizontal lenght outerpart of buttock
until tip of knee. Tight and foot make a
right angle
Horizontal width between outer hips
side to side
Distance elbow until wrist while subject
standing upright
Vertical height floor until meeting point
of upper arm and lower arm while
subject standing upright and the arms
hanging natural
Horizontal distance from longest tip left
hand to the right hands while subject
standing upright and both hands draw
away from the body.
Vertical height of floor until tip of the
eye (near nose hip) while subject
standing upright and look straight ahead.
Vertical height of down tip of feet until
head tip while standing upright and look
straight ahead
Horizontal lenght of back until tip of
midle finger while standing upright
calves, buttocks, back closer to wall and
hands stretched forward.
Vertical height floor until prominent
shuolder while subject standing upright.
Lenght of chest until back of the body
horizontally.

Anthropomtry Modul
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Table 2. Head Anthropometry Measurement Description

No

Measured Dimension

Symbol

20

Head Lenght

PK

21

Head Width

LK

22
23
24

Maximum Diameter
from Jaw
Jaw until Top of the
Head
Ears to Top Head

DMD
DPK
TPK

26
27
28

Ears to Back Part of

The Head
Between Ears
Eyes to Top Head
Eyes to Back Head

ADT
MPK
MBK

29

Between Eyes Pupils

APM

30

Nose to Top Head

HPK

31

Nose to Back Head

HBK

32
33

Mouth to Top Head

Width Mouth

MUPK
LM

25

TBK

Description
Measure back tip of the head until front tip
of the head.
Measure from right side to left side of
head
Head diameter, measure from jaw to back
part of the head
Head diameter, measure from jaw to top of
the head
Measure from center of ears to top of the
head
Measure from center of the ears to back
Part of the head
Measure from left ears to the other side
Measure from eyes to top of the head
Measure form eyes to back of the head
Measure from right eyes pupils to the
other side
Measure from nose to top of the head
Measure from nose to the back tip of the
head
Measure from Mouth to top of the head
Width of the mouth (side to side)

Table 3. Standing Anthropometry Measurement Description

No.

Measured
Dimensions

Symbol

Description

34

Grip Height

TGT

Vertical lenght (height) hands grip while

hands hanging free

35

Thick of Stomach
(Abdominal)

TPT

Horizontal lenght from back to stomach

36

Knee Heigh

TL

37

Elbow to Toes
Lenght

PSJ

38

Length of upper arm

PLA

39

Distance of right to
the left hand

JRT

Vertical lenght tip of the toes until knee

while foot formed 90 degrees angle
Horizontal lenght from elbow to midle
finger while hand formed 90 degrees
angle
Measure the vertical distance, from the
bottom of the forearm (hand-formed
elbows) to shoulder top.
Measure the vertical handrails to the soles
of the feet on the vertical hand position
and body stand up straight.

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No.
40

41

Measured
Dimensions
Height of Hand Grip
(Vertical Hand
Position At Top And
Standing Upright)
Height Hand Grip
(Vertical Hand
Position At Top And
Sitting Upright)

Symbol

Description

TGB

Measure the vertical handrails to the soles

of the feet on the vertical hand position
and body stand up straight.

TGD

42

Length shoulder to
hand grip

PBGT

43

The range of Hand

Elbow

RS

44

Long arms (grip

forward)

PGT

Measure the vertical distance of the hand

grip to the pelvic floor during the upward
vertical hand position and sitting up
straight.
Measure the horizontal distance from the
shoulder to the center of the hand grip.
Subjects stood upright with legs, buttocks,
back against the wall, arms stretched
forward.
Measure the horizontal distance from the
elbow, the subject stood erect and both
hands to form a horizontal elbow.
Measure the horizontal distance from the
back to the center of the hand grip.
Subjects stood upright with legs, buttocks,
back against the wall, arms stretched
forward.

Table 4. Anthropometric Measurement of the Hands

45

Length oh hand

PT

46

Length of palms

PTT

47

Length of the thumb

PIJ

48

Length of the index

finger

PJL

49

Length of the middle

finger

PJT

50

Length of ring finger

PJM

51

Length of little finger

PJK

Measure the vertical distance from the

middle of the finger to the wrist, when
hand extended.
Measure the vertical distance from the
base of the palm to the wrist fingers, when
hand extended.
Measure the vertical distance from the tip
of the thumb to its base, when hand
extended.
Measure the vertical distance from the tip
of the index finger to its base, when hand
extended.
Measure the vertical distance from the tip
of the middle finger to its base, when hand
extended.
Measure the vertical distance from the tip
of the ring finger to its base, when hand
extended.
Measure the vertical distance from the tip
of the little finger to its base, when hand
extended.

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Anthropomtry Modul
Practicum 2013/2014

No.

Measured
Dimensions

Symbol

52

Height of bone
segment

TTR

53

Height Floor
Fingertips

TUJ

54

Width of thumb

LIJ

55

Thick of thumb

TIJ

56

Width of index finger

LJL

57

Thick of index finger

TJL

58

Width of metacarpal

LTM

59

Width of palm (to the

thumb)

LTB

60

Thick of the
metacarpal
(Metacarpal)

TTM

61

Thick Palms (Thumb

Up)

TTB

62

Maximum width

LBMAX

Description
Measure the vertical distance from the
floor to the bone segment / books finger
(metacarpal).
Measure the vertical distance from the
floor to the tip of your fingers and hands
while standing upright in normal position.
Measure the horizontal distance at the
joints between the bone segments of
thumb.
Measure the thickness of thumb at the
joints between the bones segment of
thumb.
Measure the horizontal distance at the
joints between the bone segments of index
finger, which approach to the body.
Measure the thickness of index finger at
the joints between the bones segment of
index finger, which is approach to the
body
Measure the horizontal distance of the
edge of the Metacarpal to the outer of the
Metacarpal.
Measure the horizontal distance from the
edge of the palm to the outer edge of the
thumb.
Measure the vertical distance from the
back of the hand to the Metacarpal, when
the hand stretched.
Measure the vertical distance from the
back of the hand to the bottom of the
thumb when the hand outstretched.
Measure the horizontal distance of the
farthest from the thumb to the little finger.

Tabel 5. Anthropometric Measurements of Feet

No.

Measured
Dimension

Symbol

63

Length of feet

PTI

64

Length arm of feet

PTLK

65

Length foot to the

little finger

PKK

66

Width of foot

LI

Description
Measure the vertical distance (height) from
the tip of the outer heel to toe.
Measure the vertical distance from the tip of
the heel to the arm leg.
Measure the vertical distance from the tip of
the heel to the tip of the little finger.
Measure the vertical distance from the arm
leg foot to the outer of foots sole.
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No.

Measured
Dimension

67

Width of arm leg

LTI

68

Height of the ankle

TMI

69

Height of middle part

of foot

TTI

70

Horizontal distance
between the stalk
ankle

Symbol

JHMI

Description
Measure the horizontal of the inner side of the
foot to the outer part of the arm leg.
Measure the vertical distance from the sole of
foot to the lower part of the ankle, when
subject stood upright.
Measure the vertical distance from the sole of
foot to the middle part of the foot, when the
subject stood upright.
Measure the vertical distance from the sole
of foot to the ankle.

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