CIVIL SERVICES MAINS PAPER 5

Table of Contents
ETHICS AND HUMAN INTERFACE ................................................................................................................ 5
Definitions of Ethics ................................................................................................................................................... 5
Divisions of Ethics ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Human Actions ............................................................................................................................................................ 6

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Impediments to Human Action ................................................................................................................................ 8

THE MORALITY OF HUMAN ACTION ..................................................................................................... 11
Definition of Morality .............................................................................................................................................. 11

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The Purpose of Human Action ............................................................................................................................... 11

The Difference Between Moral Good And Moral Evil .............................................................................. 12
The Essence of Morality ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Utilitarianism............................................................................................................................................................... 13
Intuitionism................................................................................................................................................................. 13

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Rationalism.................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Scholasticism............................................................................................................................................................... 14

Determinants of Morality ....................................................................................................................................... 14

TO

Object of a Human Action....................................................................................................................................... 15

Circumstances of a Human Action ......................................................................................................................... 15
The End or Purpose of a Human Action .............................................................................................................. 16

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The Consequences of Moral Actions ..................................................................................................................... 16

Acts of Double Effect............................................................................................................................................... 16
HUMAN VALUES ................................................................................................................................................... 17

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Lessons for Administrators ...................................................................................................................................... 17

Your capacity to GROW determines your capacity to lead- Great Men in History ....................................... 21
Why A Leader Wants To Lead ................................................................................................................................ 22
Leadership Can Be Learned ..................................................................................................................................... 23

Leadership in India .................................................................................................................................................... 24

Case of Mahatma Gandhi ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Case of Nelson Mandela ........................................................................................................................................... 29
Common Traits of Great Men in History .............................................................................................................. 30
ROLE OF FAMILY, SOCIETY AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN INCULCATING
VALUES ..................................................................................................................................................................... 31
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 31
Education .................................................................................................................................................................... 32
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Aims in Education ..................................................................................................................................................... 33
Values ........................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Classification of Values ............................................................................................................................................. 35
Philosophies Support Values ................................................................................................................................... 35
Need of Human Values in the Society ................................................................................................................... 35
Development of Values through Education ......................................................................................................... 36
Causes of the Values Crisis in Modern Society ..................................................................................................... 37

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Role of School in Value Orientation ...................................................................................................................... 38

The Importance of School Atmosphere ................................................................................................................ 38
Imbibing Values through Curricular Activities ..................................................................................................... 39
Imbibing Values through Co-curricular Values .................................................................................................... 39

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Role of Teachers in Inculcating Values .................................................................................................................. 40

Importance of Moral Situation ................................................................................................................................ 41
Role of the Parents On Developing Values .......................................................................................................... 42
ATTITUDE: CONTENT, STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS ............................................................................... 43

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The Classic three-component view ......................................................................................................................... 44

Cognitive, Affective, And Behavioural processes of Attitude Formation ........................................................ 45

Cognitive routes ......................................................................................................................................................... 46

TO

Affective routes .......................................................................................................................................................... 46

Behavioural routes ..................................................................................................................................................... 47
Qualities of attitudes .................................................................................................................................................. 48

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Attitude accessibility .................................................................................................................................................. 48

Ambivalence ............................................................................................................................................................... 49
Evaluative-cognitive consistency ............................................................................................................................. 50

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Attitude function; then and now ............................................................................................................................. 50

Theoretical perspectives............................................................................................................................................ 51
Empirical progress ..................................................................................................................................................... 51
The object-appraisal function .................................................................................................................................. 53

Visual attention........................................................................................................................................................... 54
Categorization............................................................................................................................................................. 54
Decision making......................................................................................................................................................... 55
Freeing resources for coping with other stressors ................................................................................................ 55
Costs of accessible attitudes ..................................................................................................................................... 56
The attitude-behaviour relation ............................................................................................................................... 57
The MODE model .................................................................................................................................................... 59
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................. 63
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SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND PERSUASION ................................................................................................... 63
Motives for Agreeing With Others ......................................................................................................................... 63
Public versus Private Influence................................................................................................................................ 64
Motives in Persuasion Research .............................................................................................................................. 66
Cognitive Dissonance Theory .................................................................................................................................. 67
Multiple Attitudes ...................................................................................................................................................... 69
Influence and Multiple Attitudes ............................................................................................................................. 70

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Dual-Mode Processing Models of Persuasion ...................................................................................................... 71

Cognitive Response Mediation of Attitude Change ............................................................................................. 72
Dual-Mode Processing Models and Social Influence........................................................................................... 72
Motivated Processing and Bias Correction ............................................................................................................ 73

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Affect and Influence .................................................................................................................................................. 74

Group and Self-Identity ............................................................................................................................................ 75
Social Consensus and Validity of Information...................................................................................................... 76
Multiple Motives Instigated by Groups.................................................................................................................. 77

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Opinion Minority and Majority Groups................................................................................................................. 77

Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................. 78

APTITUDE AND FOUNDATIONAL VALUES FOR CIVIL SERVICE ................................................. 79

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Ethics in Administration ........................................................................................................................................... 79

Integrity ....................................................................................................................................................................... 82
Corruption................................................................................................................................................................... 82

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Is probity in public life a middle class virtue? ....................................................................................................... 85

"National character is the keystone on which rests the fate and future of our public affairs, not this or that
'ism'." ............................................................................................................................................................................ 87

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EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE-CONCEPTS ............................................................................................... 92

Historical Roots of the Topic .................................................................................................................................. 92
Contemporary Interest in the Topic ....................................................................................................................... 93
The Value of Emotional Intelligence at Work ...................................................................................................... 95

The Assessment of Emotional Intelligence and Competence ............................................................................ 96

Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................. 97
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND CIVIL SERVICES IN INDIA..................................................... 97
Relationships are the DNA of Governance .......................................................................................................... 98
Social Capital............................................................................................................................................................... 98
The Intelligence of Emotions .................................................................................................................................. 99
Do Public Administrators Have a Right to Lead? .............................................................................................. 101
Leadership is a Relationship Not a Position in a Hierarchy ............................................................................. 102

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Followers Can Be Leaders and Leaders Can Be Followers............................................................................... 103
360-degree Leadership ........................................................................................................................................ 103
Max Weber and Beyond ......................................................................................................................................... 104
Souls on Ice............................................................................................................................................................... 105
A Cure for Occupational Psychosis ...................................................................................................................... 106
CONTRIBUTIONS OF MORAL THINKERS AND PHILOSOPHERS FROM INDIA AND
WORLD .................................................................................................................................................................... 107
Indian Philosophy .................................................................................................................................................... 107

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The Cosmic Order ................................................................................................................................................... 108

Islam Ethics .............................................................................................................................................................. 109
Buddhist Ethics ........................................................................................................................................................ 110

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Jain Ethics ................................................................................................................................................................. 111

Sikh Ethics ................................................................................................................................................................ 111
The Bhakti Movement ............................................................................................................................................ 111
Western Philosophy and Ethics............................................................................................................................. 112

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PUBLIC/CIVIL SERVICE VALUES AND ETHICS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION .................... 117

The Mahatmas vision of a strong and prosperous India - Purna Swaraj - can never become a reality if we
do not address the issue of the stranglehold of corruption on our polity, economy and society in general.
Discuss ....................................................................................................................................................................... 117

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Ethics and Politics ................................................................................................................................................... 119

Criminalization of politics ...................................................................................................................................... 123
Recent Electoral Reforms ....................................................................................................................................... 124

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Issues in Political Reforms ..................................................................................................................................... 125

Coalition and Ethics ................................................................................................................................................ 128
Appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner/Commissioners ............................................................. 128

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Expediting Disposal of Election Petitions........................................................................................................... 129

Grounds of Disqualification for Membership .................................................................................................... 129
Ethics in Public Life ................................................................................................................................................ 130
International Approach ........................................................................................................................................... 132

Code of Ethics for Civil Servants.......................................................................................................................... 132

Constitutional Protection to Civil Servants Article 311 ............................................................................... 134
Arguments in favour of retaining Article 311 ..................................................................................................... 135
Arguments in favour of repealing Article 311 ..................................................................................................... 136
ETHICS IN GOVERNANCE MOVING FROM RHETORIC TO RESULTS ................................. 141

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