Hematology 1
Buffy Coat
light-colored layer between the RBCs and plasma
Contains WBCs and platelets.
Reticulocytes
Polychromatophilic erythrocytes- in the Wright-stained film,
1% to 2% of RBCs exceed the 6- to 8-m ; slightly blue-gray
newly released from the RBC production site, the bone
marrow
closely observed because they indicate bone marrow
regeneration during blood loss and certain anemias
Methylene blue dyes- called nucleic acid stains or vital stain
used to differentiate and count these young RBCs
Vital stains -dyes absorbed by live cells. Young RBCs
contain ribonucleic acid (RNA) and are called reticulocytes
when the RNA is highlighted using vital stains.
Chronic leukemia
an extreme increase in the WBC count imparts a milky
appearance to the blood
Hematology 1
Leukopenia
decreased WBC count (fewer than 4500/mcL)
Leukocytosis
increased WBC count (more than 11,500/ mcL)
Neutrophilia
increase in segs; signals bacterial infection.
Neutropenia
decrease in segs; caused by long-term drug administration
or a viral infection.
2.
3.
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Eosinophilia
elevated eosinophil count is called and
response to allergy or parasitic infection.
4.
-
signals
6.
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Monocytes (monos)
immature macrophage passing through the blood from its
point of origin, usually the bone marrow, to a targeted
tissue location
Macrophages
Most abundant cell in the body, more abundant than RBCs
or skin cells, although they are a minor component of the
blood film differential count
Some are motile and some immobilized.
Their task is to identify and phagocytose (engulf) foreign
particles and assist the lymphocytes in mounting an
immune response through the assembly and presentation
of immunogenic epitopes
Monocytosis
An increase in the number of monocytes may signal a
hematologic disease, such as leukemia
Platelets
Basophils (basos)
dark purple, irregular cytoplasmic granules that obscure
the nucleus
Basophilia
elevated basophil count
signals a hematologic disease, such as leukemia.
Platelets or thrombocytes
Are true blood cells that maintain blood vessel integrity
by instigating vessel wall repairs
Rapidly adhere to the surfaces of damaged blood vessels,
form aggregates with neighboring platelets to plug the
vessels, and secrete proteins and small molecules that
trigger thrombosis, or clot formation. Platelets are the cells
that control hemostasis,
Hemostasis
Series of cellular and plasma-based mechanisms that seals
wounds, repairs vessel walls, and maintains vascular
patency.
Thrombocytosis
Elevated platelet counts; signal inflammation or trauma but
carry small intrinsic significance.
Essential thrombocythemia
rare malignant condition characterized by extremely high
platelet counts and uncontrolled platelet production.
Thrombocytopenia
low platelet count
a common consequence of drug treatment and may be
life-threatening
accounts
for
the
majority of hemorrhage-related
emergency department visits.
Leukemia
is uncontrolled proliferation of WBCs.
may be chronic,
for example chronic myelogenous
(granulocytic) leukemia, or acute,
such as
acute
myeloblastic leukemia
5.
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Lymphocytes (lymphs)
Complex system of cells that provide for host immunity
recognize
foreign
antigens
and mount antibody
(humoral) and cell-mediated antagonistic responses
Lymphocytosis
Increase in the lymphocyte count; associated with viral
infections.
Lymphopenia or lymphocytopenia
abnormally low lymphocyte count is and is associated with
long-term drug therapy or immunodefi- ciency
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
prevalent in people older than 70 years
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Hematology 1