Chapter 3: Matter

Level 1
Objective Questions
1

Matter is anything that

I has mass
II has volume
III occupies space
A
B
C
D

I and II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II and III

Figure below shows the classification of matter.

Matter

Solid

K
A
B
C
D
3

K represents

Liquid

Gas

Kerosine

Carbon dioxide

steam
rock
oxygen
petrol

Figure below shows the arrangement of particles in substance P.

Substance P most probably is

A
B
C
D
4

water vapour
an ice cube
sea water
oxygen gas

Solids have the following characteristics except

A
B
C
D
5

The shape of liquids depends on the

A
B
C
D

amount of mass present in a unit area

amount of particles in a specific solid
fixed volume of a substance
mass per unit volume of a substance

Which of the following instruments can be used to measure density?

A
B
C
D

Solids and liquids have constant mass.

The particles in liquids and gases can move.
The volume of solids and liquids is constant.
The volume of liquids and gases is constant.

Density is the
A
B
C
D

mass of the liquids

shape of its container
volume of the liquids
size of its container

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A
B
C
D

Its shape follows its container

It cannot be compressed
It has closely packed particles
It has fixed shape

Lever balance
Measuring cylinder
Spring balance
Hydrometer

The density of a substance depends on its

I weight
II volume
III mass
A
B
C
D

10

I, II and III
I and II only
II and III only
I only

The experiment above is about density. Which liquid has the highest density?
A
B
C
D

P
Q
R
S

Level 2
1. The diagram shows the arrangement of particles of type of matter.

Which of the following substances would have the arrangement of particles

shown?
I Air
II Wood
III Petrol vapour
A
C

I and II only
II and III only

B
D

I and III only

I, II and III

2. A block of wood has a density of 0.8 g cm. What is the volume of 8 g of the
wood?
A
B
C
D

0.8 cm
1 cm
8 cm
10 cm

3. A large pieces of rubber and a small pieces of stones are thrown into a tank of
water simultaneously. Which of the following statement is true?
A
B
C
D

The pieces of rubber will float, but the stones will sink.
The pieces of rubber will sink, but the stones will float.
Both the pieces the rubber and stones will float.
Both the pieces of rubber and stones will sink.

4. Which of the following is not a matter?

A
C

Sound
Oxygen

C
D

Smoke
Vinegar

5. The information below shows the characteristic of a substance.

It has a fixed volume

It does not have a fixed shape

Which of the following have the characteristic shown above

I
II
III

Handwash
Detergent
Shampoo

A
C

I and II only
II and III only

B
D

I and III only

I, II and III

6. Which of the following does not apply the concept of density?

A
B
C
D

Boat
Buoy
Bulb
Raft

7. Diagram 1 shows the classification of three states of matter.

Matter
Y

liquid

gases

Which of the following is an example of Y?

A
B
C
D

Fruit juice
Soya sauce
Flower pot
Nitrogen

8. Diagram 2 shows the change in the arrangement of particle of a substances after a

process P.
Process P

Which of the following represent process p?

Process P
A
Water
Ice
B

Steam

Process P

Water

Ice

Process P

Water

Water

Process P

Steam

9. Table 1 shows the density of four substances.

Substances
Alcohol
Ice
Sea water
Copper

Density (g cm)
0.80
0.92
1.03
8.9

Which of the following is true about the four substances?

A
B
C
D

Ice floats on a alcohol

Copper floats on sea water
Sea water floats on ice
Alcohol floats on sea water.

10. Diagram 3 shows the arrangement of two liquid P and Q, which do not mix and
two solid X and Y.

P
Y
Q
X
Choose the correct arrangement of the substances in the order of increasing
density.
A
B
C
D

Level 3

X
Y
P
P

Q
P
Q
Y

Y
X
Y
Q

P
Q
X
X

1.

Which liquid has the least density ?

A.
2.

B.

C.

D.

The following shows the data obtained by Hong Jun in an experiment.

Mass of measuring cylinder = 210g
Mass of measuring cylinder + liquid X =390g
Volume of liquid X = 120cm3
Based on the data,determine the density of liquid X , in g / cm3
A.
C.

3.

1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2

P,Q,R
Q,P,R

B.
D.

P,R,Q
R,Q,P

This arrangement of particles could be found in

A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

0.9
1.5

The correct sequence of this experiment is

A.
C.

5.

B.
D.

Find the average volume of a marble in cm3

A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

0.7
1.2

iron
steam
hydrogen
cooking oil

A solid cannot be compressed because its particles

7.

A.
are arranged very close together
B.
cannot move freely
C.
are very large
D.
are very hard
Which of the following substances will float in liquid K and L but sink in liquid J ?
liquid J
density 0.9

8.

I
II
III

Substance
P
Q
R

A.
C.

I and IIB.
II and III

K
1.7

L
3.5

density
1.6
1.2
2.8
I and III
D.
I , II and III

The dagram shows the classification of matter

Q represents
A.
C.
9.

B.
D.

steam
oxygen

The balloon becomes deflated after two days because the air particle

A.
B.
C.
D.

10.

mercury
marble

become smaller
can move freely
become less dense
diffuse through tiny holes on the surface of the balloon

All the balloons are identical.The volume of gas in each of the balloons is 200cm3.

Which of the following shows the correct sequence in order of increasing density?

A.
B.
C.
D.

hydrogen,helium,oxygen,carbon dioxide
hydrogen,oxygen,helium,carbon dioxide
helium,hydrogen,oxygen,carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide,oxygen,helium,hydrogen

Chapter 3: Matter

Level 1
Subjective Questions
1

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.

a) Matter has _______________ because it is pulled by the Earths gravitational
force.
b) Matter has volume because it occupies ________________________.
c) _______________ of water is according to the shape of the container.
d) _______________ is mass per unit volume.

Diagram below shows pictures of the three states of matter.

i. __________________

ii. _________________

iii. ____________________

a) Label the correct state of matter in the spaces provided on diagram above by using
the following words.
Solid

Liquid

Gas

b) Draw the arrangement of particles in each state of matter.

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Complete the table below to show the characteristics of the different state of matter.
Characteristics

Solid

Liquid

Mass
Volume

Gas

Constant
Constant
Follows shape of
whole container

Shape
Compressibility

Difficult to compress

Arrangement of
particles

Slightly loose, not

organized

Very loose, not

organized

Space between
particles
Movement of particles

Very big
Slightly free, move at
random

Two examples

a) What is meant by the density of a substance?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
b) Write down the formula used to calculate the density of a substance.

__________________________________________________________________
c) State the factors that determine the density of a substance.
i) _________________________________________________________
ii) _________________________________________________________
5

Diagram 1 shows three similar small balls dropped into three liquids X, Y and Z of
different densities.

Diagram 1
a) Arrange the liquids in ascending order of density.

b) Diagram 2 shows the three liquids X, Y and Z places in a measuring cylinder.

Label the liquids in diagram 2 by referring to the order of their densities shown in
diagram 1.

Diagram 2

c) The following are three substances.

water

palm oil

mercury

Match the substances with the liquids in Diagram 1.

i.
Liquid X: __________________________________________
ii.

Liquid Y: __________________________________________

iii.

Liquid Z: __________________________________________

Level 2
1.

Diagram 1 shows the classification of states of matter.

Matter

Solid

Liquid

Example

Example

Example

Zinc

Oxygen

a) What is represent by P?

b) Q is a metal. State what Q is.

c) Complete Table 1 to compare the particle in zinc and in oxygen in the following

aspects.
Aspect
1. Arrangement of particle

Zinc

Oxygen

2. Space among particle

3. Movement among particle
4. Attractive force among particle

2.

Diagram 2 shows an experiment is carried out by a group of students. The

density of water is 1.0 g cm.

80 cm
50 cm
water

stone

a) i. what is volume of the stone?

ii. If the mass of the stone is 72 g. find its density in g cm.
iii. Give one reason why the stone sinks in the water.

b) Table 2 shows the data written in a students laboratory report.

Objects

Mass (g)

Volume (cm)

Silver
Zinc
Cork

52.5
71.0
5.0

5
10
20

Density (g cm)

Calculate the densities of the objects in table 1.

c) The density of water is 1 g cm. Based on table 2, which of the objects

will float on water?

3.

Diagram 3 shows an experiment carried out by student.

Diagram 3
a) What is the aim of the experiment?

b) State one controlled variable for the experiment.

c) When balloon T is pricked through the cellophane tape with a needle., what
will happen to
i.

balloon T?

ii.

balloon S?

d) What conclusion can be made from the experiment?

4.

Diagram 4 shows the apparatus set up to study the effect of the density of a
liquid on the weight of object X immersed in the liquid. The reading of the
spring balance after object X is immersed in kerosene, cooking oil and water
shown below.

a) State the following variables:

i. Manipulated variable:
ii. Responding variable:
iii. Controlled variable:
b) Based on the Diagram 4, record the reading of the weight of object X in
table below.
Medium
Kerosene
Cooking oil
Water

Density (g cm)
0.70
0.85
1.00

Weight of object X (N)

c) What is the relationship between the density of the liquid and the weight
of object X?
d) If object X is put in medium S with density of 0.93 g cm, predict the
weight of object X?
e) What conclusion can be made from the experiment?

5.

Diagram 5 shows an activity to determine which object floats on water.

water
X
a) i. Which object floats on water?
ii. Explain why the object mentioned in (a)(i) floats on water?
b) A buoy consisting of a steel drum floating in sea water. How does this device,
which is made from steel, float in the sea.

Level 3

1.a) Figure shows the initial volume of water in each of the measuring cylinder.Objects P , Q
and R are put in each of the measuring cylinder.Record the initial reading of water in the space
provided above.

b)

The student recorded the results as shown in table below.

Object

Mass
(g)

P
Q
R

158
225
2

i)

Initial
reading of
water(cm3)

Final
reading of
water(cm3)

Volume of
object(cm3)

Density
(g cm3)

After putting the objects in each of the measuring cylinders ,the level of
the water increase as given.

Measuring A = 70 cm3
cylinder

Measuring B = 45 cm3
cylinder

Measuring C = 48 cm3
cylinder

Find the volume of each object and record them in table given

ii)

c)

Calculate the densities of object P , Q and R and record your answers in

table provided.

State the variables involved in this experiment

i)

constant variable

_________________________

ii)

manipulated variable _________________________

iii)

responding variable

_________________________

d)
The student put the object P , Q and R in a measuring cylinder containing water
and mercury as shown in the diagram.
a)

Draw and label the positions of

object P , Q and R in the diagram given.

2.

The diagram shows various substances. These substances can be classified into
three groups X , Y and Z.

a)

Classified the substances into three groups

substances

X
Particles vibrate about
a fixed point
Examples

Y
Particles move
freely
examples

Z
Particles move freely but
can be compressed
examples

b)

c)

What do X , Y and Z represent ?

X

_______________

______________

_______________

Describe the shape and volume of Y

_____________________________________

3.

The following diagram shows an investigation that is carried out by a group of

students

a)

i)

What happen to the air in the tube when a weight is placed

on the piston?
__________________________________________

ii)

Explain what happens when the weight is removed .

__________________________________________

b)

c)

i)

What happen when the same tesr is carried out with the tube filled
with water ?
__________________________________________

ii)

What can be observed when the weight is now placed on a block of

steel?
__________________________________________

i)

Based on the answers in (a) and (b) , which material can be

compressed ?
__________________________________________
ii)
`

Give a reason for your answer in ( c ) ( I )

__________________________________________

d)

What conclusion can be drawn from the investigation ?

_____________________________________________

4.

The picture shows the arrangement of particles in a solid , liquid and gas. The
arrow represent changes of state of matter.

a)

b)

which box contains

i) a solid

________

ii) a liquid

________

iii) a gas

________

Identify the changes of state of matter in the diagram and state whether

heat is released or absorbed

State of matter

Change of state

Whether heat is absorbed or

released

E
F
G
H
K
L
c)

Name the state of matter where the particles

i)

can flow

___________

ii) can be compressed

___________

iii) have the most kinetic energy

d)

5.

___________

State the change of matter in the condition

i)

the ice melt

_______________

ii)

to get salt from sea water

_______________

a)

What is matter ?

b)

i)

Is sound an example of matter ?

____________

ii)

Explain your answer in 1 (b) ( I )

____________________________

c)

The following activities are carried out. For each activity , state the

expected observation and the suitable conclusion

Activity

Observation

Conclusion

d)

The experiment below is carried out to compare the densities of five

liquids A , B , C , D and E

Give that volume of each liquid in each beaker is the same , what is the
correct sequence in order of increasing density ?
_________________________________

ANSWER

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
LEVEL 1
1. D
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. D
7. D
8. D
9. C
10. D
LEVEL 2
1. C
2. D
3. D
4. D
5. A
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. D
10. A

LEVEL 3

1. C
2. D
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. D
10. A

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
LEVEL 1
1

a)
b)
c)
d)

a) i) Gas
ii) Solid
iii) Liquid
b)

weight
space
Shape
Density

Characteristics

Solid
Constant

Mass

Liquid

Gas

Constant

Constant

Volume

Constant

Constant

Follows volume of
whole container

Shape

Constant

Follows shape of
whole container

Follows shape of
whole container

Compressibility

Cannot be
compressed

Difficult to compress

Easily compressed

Arrangement of
particles

Compact,
organized

Slightly loose, not

organized

Very loose, not

organized

Space between
particles

Very small

Small

Very big

Vibrate, cannot
move freely

Slightly free, move at

random

Very free, move at

random

Glass, wood,
Iron, gold

Water, milk, ink,

blood

Oxygen, nitrogen,
hydrogen

Movement of particles

Examples
Any two
4

a) The density of a substance is the mass per unit volume of the substance.
b) Density = Mass
Volume
c) i) Mass of a substance
ii) Volume of a substance

5. a)

b)

c) i) Palm oil
ii) Mercury
iii) Water
LEVEL 2
1. a) Gas
b) Mercury
c)
Aspect
1. Arrangement of particle
2. Space among particle
3. Movement among particle
4. Attractive force among particle

Zinc
Orderly and closed
packed
small

Oxygen
Not in orderly
arrangement
Large

Vibrate at fixed
position
Strong

Move randomly and

freely
Weak

2. a) i. 30 cm
ii. 2.4 g cm
iii. The density of the stone is higher than the density of water.

b)
Silver
Zinc
Cork
c) Cork

10.50
7.10
0.25

3. a) To study the property of air

b) The size of the balloon
c) i. It deflates
ii. It becomes heavier relative to balloon T
d) Air has mass and occupies space.
4. a) i. Density of medium (type of medium)
ii. Weight of object X
iii. Object X (type, mass, size, density)
b).
Medium
Kerosene
Cooking oil
Water

Density (g cm)
0.70
0.85
1.00

Weight of object X (N)

6
5
4

c) The higher the density of the medium, the smaller the weight of object X.
d) 4.5 N
e) The weight of the object depends on the density of the liquid.
5. a) i. Y
ii. Object Y is less dense than water
b) The steel drum contains air. The air inside the buoy makes is less dense than sea
water. Hence, the buoy float.

LEVEL 3

1.

a) Figure shows the initial volume of water in each of the measuring

cylinder.Objects P , Q and R are put in each of the measuring cylinder.Record
the initial reading of water in the space provided above.

b)

The student recorded the results as shown in table below.

Object

Mass
(g)

P
Q
R

48
224
2

Initial
reading of
water(cm3)
10
10
10

Final
reading of
water(cm3)
70
45
48

Volume of
object(cm3)

Density
(g cm3)

60
35
38

0.8
6.4
19

i) After putting the objects in each of the measuring cylinders ,the level of the
water increase as given.
Measuring A = 70 cm3
Measuring B = 45 cm3
Measuring C = 48
3
cm
cylinder
cylinder
cylinder
Find the volume of each object and record them in table given
ii) Culculate the densities of object P , Q and R and record your answers in table
provided.
c)

d)

State the variables involved in this experiment

i) constant variable

initial volume of water

ii) manipulated variable

mass of the object

iii) responding variable

final volume of water

The student put the object P , Q and R in a measuring cylinder containing water
and mercury as shown in the diagram.

a) Draw and label the positions of

object P , Q and R in the diagram given.

Q
Q
R

2.

The diagram shows various substances. These substances can be classified into
three groups
X , Y and Z

a)

Classified the substances into three groups

substances

X
Particles vibrate about
a fixed point

Y
Particles move
freely

Examples

Z
Particles move freely but
can be compressed

examples

Rubber tyre ,
Gold nuggets

Tap water

examples
Air in balloon ,
Gas in the estinguisher

b) What do X , Y and Z represent ?

X :solid

c) Describe the shape and volume of Y

liquid

gas

The shape follow the container and the volume is fixed

3.

The following diagram shows an investigation that is carried out by a group of

students

a) i) What happen to the air in the tube when a weight is placed on the piston?
The air is compressed
ii) Explain what happens when the weight is removed .
The piston spring backs to its original position
b) i) What happen when the same tesr is carried out with the tube filled with
water ?
water cannot be compressed
ii) What can be observed when the weight is now placed on a block of steel
The block of steel cannot be compressed
c) i) Based on the answers in (a) and (b) , which material can be compressed ?
Only air can be compressed
ii) Give a reason for your answer in ( c ) ( I )
The particles in the air are far apart , therefore they can be compressed
into a smaller space
`
d) What conclusion can be drawn from the investigation ?
Gases can be compressed. Solids and liquids cannot be compressed
4.

The picture shows the arrangement of particles in a solid , liquid and gas. The arrow
represent changes of state of matter.

a)

which box contains

i) a solid

b)

c)

ii) a liquid

State of matter

Change of state

E
F
G
H
K
L

Sublimation
Sublimation
Condensation
Evaporation/boiling
Melting
freezing

Whether heat is absorbed or

released
Heat is absorbed
Heaat is released
Heaat is released
Heat is absorbed
Heat is absorbed
Heaat is released

Name the state of matter where the particles

iii) have the most kinetic energy

ii)

can be compressed

gases

State the change of matter in the condition

i) the ice melt
evaporation

5.

Identify the changes of state of matter in the diagram and state whether heat is
released or absorbed

i) can flow
liquids and gases
liquids and gases

d)

iii) a gas

melting

ii)

to get salt from sea water

a) What is matter ?
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space

b) i) Is sound an example of matter ?

No
ii) Explain your answer in 1 (b) ( I )
Sound has no mass and does not occupy space
c) The following activities are carried out. For each activity , state the expected
observation and the suitable conclusion
Activity

Observation
Balloon P defleates
and the ruler tilts
towards balloon Q

Conclusion
Air has mass

i
The water in the
basin does not fill up
the beaker
completely

Air occupies space

d) The experiment below is carried out to compare the densities of five liquids
A , B , C , D and E

Give that volume of each liquid in each beaker is the same , what is the
correct sequence in order of increasing density ?
B , A, C , D , E