A carbon footprint is historically defined as "the total sets of greenhouse gas emissions caused

by an organization, event, product or person."[1]The total carbon footprint cannot be calculated

because of the large amount of data required and the fact that carbon dioxide can be produced by
natural occurrences. It is for this reason that Wright, Kemp, and Williams, writing in the journal
Carbon Management, have suggested a more practicable definition:A measure of the total
amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions of a defined population, system or
activity, considering all relevant sources, sinks and storage within the spatial and temporal
boundary of the population, system or activity of interest. Calculated as carbon dioxide
equivalent (CO2e) using the relevant 100-year global warming potential (GWP100).
[2]
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) can be emitted through transport, land clearance, and the production
and consumption of food, fuels, manufactured goods, materials, wood, roads, buildings, and
services.[3] For simplicity of reporting, it is often expressed in terms of the amount of carbon
dioxide, or its equivalent of other GHGs, emitted..
Most of the carbon footprint emissions for the average U.S. household come from "indirect"
sources, i.e. fuel burned to produce goods far away from the final consumer. These are
distinguished from emissions which come from burning fuel directly in one's car or stove,
commonly referred to as "direct" sources of the consumer's carbon footprint.[4]
The concept name of the carbon footprint originates from ecological footprint, discussion,[5]
which was developed by Rees and Wackernagel in the 1990s which estimates the number of
"earths" that would theoretically be required if everyone on the planet consumed resources at the
same level as the person calculating their ecological footprint. However, given that ecological
footprints are a measure of failure, Anindita Mitra (CREA, Seattle) chose the more easily
calculated "carbon footprint" to easily measure use of carbon, as an indicator of unsustainable
energy use. In 2007, carbon footprints was used as a measure of carbon emissions to develop the
energy plan for City of Lynnwood, Washington. Carbon footprints are much more specific than
ecological footprints since they measure direct emissions of gases that cause climate change into
the atmosphere.

WAYS ON REDUCING CARBON FOOTPRINT

1. Change Your Lightbulbs
How often do you think about your lightbulbs? Chances are, not very often. An easy fix you can
make that will help the planet every day is to switch all of the lights in your house to compact
fluorescent bulbs. One bulb can reduce up to 1,300 pounds of carbon dioxide pollution during its
lifetime. And if every house in the U.S. switched its bulbs, we could reduce the electricity spent
on lighting by one half. Worth climbing up that ladder and whipping out your screwdriver, huh?

2. Unplug Your Gadgets

Completely powering off your gadgets isn't just good for your devices, it's good for the planet.
What's even better is unplugging your chargers when they're not in use. If you're someone who
always leaves your phone charger dangling from the wall, doesn't power off your cable box and
forgets to put your computer on sleep mode, many of your tech behaviors can use some adapting.
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, adopting these practices can save you $100 each
year on your energy bill.
3. Take Public Transit or Carpool

According to The Rideshare Company, the average American spends 18 days of the year in a car,
each car emitting its own weight in carbon dioxide. The benefits of carpooling are quite simple to
see. One car uses less gas than two and much less than three. Similarly, riding the bus or train to
work helps to slash down the number of cards on the road. Still looking to organize the perfect
carpool? These apps can help you set one up.
4. Choose a Laptop Over a Desktop

Laptops, unlike desktop computers, are designed to be energy-efficient, because battery life is a
major factor to laptop design. According to Energy Star, a laptop can be up to 80% more energyefficient than a desktop. Energy-efficient LCD screens, hard drives, CPUs and adaptors all factor
into making makes laptops much better tools for the planet.
5. Filter Your Own Water

If you still buy packaged bottled water, you're doing the planet a major disservice. Beyond the
environmental toll of the plastic waste from each 16 ounce serving, consider just how far your
water was transported before you bought it in the supermarket. If you live in most western
countries, tap water is perfectly suitable for consumption, especially if you use a filtration
pitcher.
6. Adjust Your Curtains and Thermostat

Simple adjustments to moderate the temperature in your house can make a big difference for the
planet. If you keep your house two degrees warmer in the summer and two degrees cooler in the
winter you can save big bucks on your energy bills. Similar, turning off your thermostat while
you're not in your home can save you 15% on your energy bill. Check out the U.S. Department
of Energy for more thermostat tips.
Similarly, keep your curtains open during the day in the winter to let in sunlight, and close them
at night to keep in warmth. During the summer, close the curtains during the day to keep out
extra sunlight and open them at night to moderate the temperature, or even open them to let in a
cool breeze. There are several energy-efficient curtains on the market that use insulation to
further monitor your home's temperature.
7. Buy Local Food

Love eating watermelon year-round? That's great, but chances are, it isn't grown anywhere near
where you live during the winter. Purchasing foods that are both in season and grown locally can
drastically cut down the carbon emissions of the vehicles used to transport your winter
watermelon across the country. According to the Worldwatch Institute, food travels 1,500 miles
on average between the farm and the supermarket. We bet you can find foods grown closer to
your home if you try to find them.
8. Plant a Tree

This classic way to give back to the environment is one of the most efficient ways you can cut
your carbon footprint. Trees provide shade and oxygen while consuming carbon dioxide.
According to the Urban Forestry Network, a single young tree absorbs 13 pounds of carbon
dioxide each year. That amount will climb up to 48 pounds annually as trees mature. Just one 10year-old tree releases enough oxygen into the air to support two human beings.
9. Print or Digital, Be Mindful Reading the News

People have been debating the environmental costs of consuming news online versus reading the
print paper since the beginning of the digital media revolution. Newspapers, according to one
study, cause roughly their weight in carbon emissions. That said, surfing the web expends
energy, the amount of which varies based on the device you use.
The best policy to adopt when it comes to news consumption is to be mindful. If you subscribe to
a print paper, be sure to recycle your paper every day. If online news is your preferred medium,
chose an unplugged laptop or e-reader, rather than a plugged-in device for the majority of your
browsing time.
10. Chose Energy-Efficient Kitchen Appliances

Though not the classiest option, microwaving your food is faster and often uses less energy than
the stove. If a meal takes 15 minutes to cook in the microwave versus one hour in the stove,
you'll save roughly 20 cents off your energy bill each time. The real task at which microwaves
excel is bringing water to a boil and you won't even sacrifice taste.
If you are using the stove, your food will cook faster on the upper shelf of the oven because heat
rises.

Aitana Cassandra O. de Castro

SPED
Dipolog city March
Let our hearts ring with joyfulsong.
Triumphant we are on this way.
So gaily raise are voices full and free echoing clear from land and sea.

Let our music rise in solumn prayers.

Glorious notes with praises devine.
Sweet melodies of thanksgiving bringing.
Radiant raise of hope and delight.

Let the music resound all around we sing

Tunes for our cities triump a
Tribute to he gladly we reaveal every
Praising her grandure dear.

Let the music sound with love all are

Hearts beats blend in harmony so
Lets all sing a perfect melody to
Honor are beautiful City so lets
All sing a perfect melody to honor
Are Dipolog City

V-

Hail,Hail, the City of the free.

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