A Brief Table

of Integrals
I.

3.

f CQSudu=sinutC

S.

f (ax+bYtIx=

7.

fx(ax + bftlx= (ax +2bf-' [ax+b -

IIcW=UU-

Jvdu

4.

(axtbrl

a(.+I)

+c #-1

n+2

8.

10.

Jx(a.':t b) - iIn Iax: b\ + C

x(ax

--L]
n+ I

+ c.

.>0

f siowdu=-cosu+C

f (ax+br'tIx=~lnlax+bI+C

# -1.-2

+ br1dx= ~ - :11njax + hi + c

12. f~tIx=2v'ax+b+b f

9.

f x(ax+br

df=

~2[lnlax+bl+ ax:b]+C

11.

f (Vax + bf dt = ~ (~f" + c.

IS

# -2

tIx

xVax + b

f x~= ~tan-' Jax;b+ C

13. (a)
(b)
14.

6.

* I,

tIx =_I In 1 v;;+b - v'bj + C

xYax+b v'b Vax+b+v'b

f v;;+b

dt

Xl

=- v;;+b +Ef
X

dt

xVaxtb

+C

tIx

x1Yaxtb

= v;;+b -.E-f
bx

2b

tIx

xVaxtb

+C

16.

f~=ltan-I!+C

17

18.

f---.<!!:.....=l.lnlx+'I+c
02_ l
2a X-Q

19

f (a 2 tIx
x +-'
10Ix+'I+c
-x - 2a~al-x1
40]
x-a

21.

f v;;r+X'dx

a1tx1

20.

J~

22.

13.

J~ dx=vart7'-a,nl at Vf+7!+c

sinh- l ~ + C= !n(xt

x2y;;r+7 dx =

var+7) + C

i (cr + lt1W+7 - ~. In

25.

f v;r:t7

26.

f x~--~lnla+~I+c

Xl

dx =

(x

dx

(a 1 tx 1)1

2a~a2+x~

+_'-tan~I!+C
203

~vart7' + ;2 In (x + VQT+Xl) + C

+ v?+7) + C

2417

dx=ln(x+v?+7)-

~ +C

~ In (x + v'QT+7) + XV;;r-t;I + C
2

T-1

T-2

A8rjdTableofrnt~rals

28.

J~=Sin-I~+C

30.

f ~var=7dr=~\iD-I~-ix~a2-2x~+C

31.

f~ dx=va2-xl-alnla+~I+c

a - x

2
0
X
J. r-r----;
dx=-sin-1ii--xvo--x-tC
~
2
2
Xl

J
35. J ' dx
= ~ +C
x~
ax
33.

f ~d.t=~~-;2Inlx+~I+C
38. f ('v'T~"l-Y'dx x(~ nn: 1JrvT~'-:?)~-2dx,
37.

39.

dx

(~

= x(v:;r::<;'J'-' - a - 3
(2 - aja'
(a - 2ja'

xf.~dx=

dx
.
(y;r::-;;Ir-'

a *2

(y;r::-;;Ir"

n+2
te. n*-2
J
41. Jx'y;r::-;;I dx = i(2x' - a')y;r::-;;I - as' In Ix +y;r::-;;I 1+ C

40.

42.

f~ dx=~-asec-llil+c
02

x2

43.

/7 dr=lnlx+~I-~

+c

x.~

.rr---'J

2
Jy;r::-;;I 2
45 J . ,..,------,
dx
lsec-'I!I+c=lcos-'I~I+c
a
a
x
xvx' - a- a
47. J dx
=Sin-I(x-a)+c
V2ax-xz
a.
44.

dx=-lnlxt vr-o-I+-vx--a-tC

48.

f V2ax - x2dx= x;o V2ax-,l.1 + ;1 sin-l (x ~ a) +

49.

J('l2ax - x'r dx = (x - aXV2ax

n+1

50

x'r + ~
0+1

dx
C;c-aXV2ax-x-'
(V2a.r x1f =
(n - 2)02

51.

fx\haX_rdx=(x+aX2x-~)\ha.r

52.

fv'~

x dx

54.

JV2axxdx

Xl

56.

I sinaxdr=-~cosax+C

58

.
Jsm

./-

=V2tu

2)02

sin2ax

x2+aSin-l(x~a)+c

dx
(Y2ax _ Xl }-2

xl +;l sin-I(.r~a)+c

=as;a-'(~)-V2ax-X'+C
a

axlM:::2-~+

J(V2ax - x'r-' dx

a-3

+ (/I -

53.

Jv'~1-X2dx::_2j2a;X_Sin-l(x~a)+c

55.

Jxv'2axdx _

57.

Jcosaxdr=~sinax+C

59.

x2

cos! ax dx =

_ljza-x+
a

~ + Si"..a2ax + C

A8ritfTabl~oflnltgrals

J!A

IM.

.1_

=- -

Sin OXw

..-,

Sin

.
I
I' .
I

ax cos ax + n - I
M

cos (a +b)<

62, (a) smaxcosbxdr=

(b)
(c)

63.
65.

67.

68.
'0
U7.

70.
71.

72.

74.
75.

76.

78.

-,-

2(a

b)

si. (a +b)<

2(atb)

Jsin ax cos axd.t

;i:b1
,; H'
';*Ii'

I ."
66. I

_CO~2ax + C

sin" 1 ax
sm axcosaxdr-(n+J)a +e,

64.

I ~(U I j +
I Si.ax =- I I +
I
+
I
I '"
+ -+- I '"
+
I c~m ,~~-' [j:~ ~ ~ (~- ;,)] b' >c'
I
=Inlc+bsinax+~cosa.rl+c, <c
I
=_llan("_ax)+c
I-;-,
!
I + =ax]+c. >cl
+
I+
lnIC+bCOS/U+~Sinaxl+C. Il<t?
+
I
I -=":-:::
Sin

ax

dr =- -alln sin ax

-0I In cos ax

00S"ai dx

sin a.rco("axd.r = _.JIll

SID at '-u:.

n- 1
m+n

sin--l axco("+1 ax

a(m+n)

.1- - sin~1 axCos'"-1 ax

ax u.l
a(
)
m n

b+csmax

a~

dx
I+sinax

m- I
m n

sin,,-2oxCOS-axdr,

Sin

c cos ax

c cos ax

dr

a~

=-

ran- l [

b-c tan
b c
2

a~

(reduces cos- ax)

86.

Jlan"axdx=:-l~-

88.

Jseca.rdf=~lnlseca.r+tanaxl+C

cos ax

..r'"-l cos ax d.r

= sec"-1 ax tan
a(n _ I)

b2

I ..

ax + n - 2 ~_
n _ 1

:r<;I,.

-!

J_

axlU.

dx
1 ax
cosax = --a CO! -2 + C

Jxcosaxdt= :2cosax+~Sjnax+c

81.

Jx"cosaxdz=~siaax-~I x"-'sinaxdx

87.

Jcotaxdx=~lnlsinax\+C
f coraxdt=-~cotax-x+C
f
-:--1':) - JCOt"-l

89.

Jcscaxdt= -~lolcscax+cotaxl+C

91.

85.

n:;:J

-;-1

79.

83.

!tan-- 2axtif,

f sec2axdx=~lanax+C
I .

-,,:dx,-- = la" (" + ax) + C

smax a
4
2

77.

Jtan2a.rdr=~tana.r-x+C

J_

m"
_.
T"

(reduces sin" ax)

c COS ax

Jxsinaxdr= :2Sinax-~cosax+C

sec axlU

ni--m

b1

73.

dx
I
ax
l+cosax=(j,anT+C

x" sin ax dx

_..--2 ax W,
.1_
ax \.VII

b+csmax

42

dx

n:# -I

+c.

-I

dx,

1: + c.

ax =

b+

n 4:-)

00If"'

cos"axsinaxdz = - (n +

84.

92.

te,

sin {a - b)x s.in (a + b)x

cosaxcosbxdx= 2(a b) + 2(a+b) +C.

81.

90.

.l_

QXU-l

- b)<
2
b te,
(a-)

f
=- -~
+~ f
I ~axdx=~lolsecaxl+C

SO.

.-2

sm

cos (a

2( b a+)

b dx - si. (a - b)<

SIna.lSIDX

co('axdx=

csc 2 axdx =

-~cotax + C

ax dt,

""I

1-3

ri'b' 'Y'C

ABrief Table of Integrals

T-4

93.

Jcsr! ax dx = - csc"-a(n-I)
ax cot ax + n - 2 J csc..-2 ax dx,
II-I

94.

Jsec" ax

tan ax dr

sec" '" + C.
-= --na-

n '" 0

96.

98.

Jtan-Iaxdx=xtan-lax-~In(l +a x )+C

Sin- l ardr=xsin- 1 axt*VI-a 2x2 +C

n "* 1

95.

Jesc" ax cO( ax Iff = - esc:aax + C.

fJ7.

COS-I

axdr = xcos- l ar -

~VI - 02X' + C

2 2

. axdx=n+l
.r"+1 .
J
x"+l
100. x"
ax dx = -+1
J
n
.r-+
101. r'tan axdx=-+l tan
J
102. J e",u = ~e" +C
-I

99.

slD

r'Sln

COS-I

JVt-ad:txl' "*-)
2
a J x+ dx
ax + -+1
n #: -I
n
VI-ax
a J ,(".. dr
ax--+
n'
n*-1
a

-I

-I

12'

J.rtt" dr = :: (ax -

106.

x"lrdx=

1 VI+ax

II

104.

.r"+1

ax- n+1

COS-I

-I

103.

I) + C

lOS.

~~: - al~ hI ,,-Iyudx.

108. Jt!'COSbxd.r=

2~

a+b

x"'(ln

",r -

/I :

1 bU
1f'd<=iilnb+C,

Jx~t"'d.r=~x~~-~J

b* 1 107. JeusinbXd.t=

b>O,

2(acosbx+bsinb.r)+C

Jx"(ln ax)'" dx = n + 1
(In axr+
111. x-l(lnaxrdr= m+ I
J
110.

109.

b>O,

/.r 2(asinbx-bcosbx)+C

a +b

lnaxdr=xlnax-x+C

Jx"(ln ax)'"-l dx, n'* -1

te.

m*-J

ilL J-l,u =lnlln",I+C

xn '"

Jsinh ax dx = ~ cosh ax + C

114.

liS.

116. JCOSh2 axdr=sinh2ax +!+C

4a
2

sinh! ax df = Sinh 2a.r 4a

Jsm. h" ax

.Iw

IL<

~ +C

= sinh"-t ax
no cosh ax

!!....=..!
Jsm. h"-2 ax tU,
II

119.

J.rsinhaxdx=~coshax- :2 Sinh a.ttC

1
: - sinh ax

+ II ~

cosh.-l ax dr,

127.

f
~
~J
f
~
+
I
~
+
f tanh~(UIff'" ~~-;:+ f lanh~-2(U1ff,

n#- 1

128.

Jcoth~ eu Iff '"

129.

f secheutit"'~sin-l(tanhax)+C

121.

123.
125.

x sinh ax dx =

x- I cosh ax dx

cosh ax -

tanh ax dx = In (cosh ax)

tanh! ax dx = .r -

tanh ax

cosh ax d.t = ~ sinh ax + C

.L

118.

cosh" ax dr = cosb-

b*1

X--1tud.r

113.

117

'*

n 0

coth~-l
eu + cotb~-] ax tit
(n-lja
.

120.

f xcosha.rd.t=~sinh(U- ~2COShax+C

122.

Jx~ cosh ax d.r

~ sinh eu -

i Jx- sinh ax dx

Jcoth ",,u = ~ In Isinh '" I+ C

126. Jcoth ax d.t = x - ~ coth ax + C
124.

'* I

AB(icfTablt of Intrgrals

131.

sech' ax dx::

~ tanh ax + C

132.

133. J sech-a.rdx= sech-(n -/Utanhax

+ n - 2J sech-- axdx,
lla
n- 1
2

.,..". Jescb" ax dx =

sech" ax tanh ax dx =

sech ax

-----;jQ

139. Jox"-It-Jdx=nn)=(n-I)!.

.t2.

141.

SID

esch 2 ax dx =

-~ coth ax + C

n"l

Jesch--' a.r.dx n" 1

cseh" ax
136. cseh" ax COIh ax dx = ------na- + C,
n *0
J

csctf(n _arc:oth
1)0 ax - n
n -_ 2I

+ C.
J
137. f e"'SinhbXdx:t;[/:b - ae~Jb]+C.

135.

-f~
xtlx0

n>O

tr/f

138.

Je"'coshb.rdx

140.

{-t-.rdx=t;.

1.3.5 ... (n-ll~..

.
2-4,6"'" '2,lfnlsanevenmteger:::2
co1':cdx- 2-4-6 .. ,(,,-1)
{ 3.5.7"'n ,ifn is an odd integer 2: 3

n" 0

t;[/:b + ae~"b]+c. a*tr

2

0>0

1-5

Conic Sections
A circle is the set of points in a plane wbose distance from a fixed point in the plane is constant. The fixed point is the center of the circle; the
constant distance is the ndtus. An eUipse is the sct of points in a plane whose distances from two fixed points in the plane have a constant sum.
A hyperbola is the sel of points in a plane whose distances from two fixed points in the plane have a constant difference. In each case, the fixed
points are the foci of the conic section. A panboll is the set of points in a plane equidistant from agiven fixed point and a given fixed line in the
plane. The fixed point is the focus of the parabola; the line is the d1ndriJ:.

Ellipses and Circle in Standard Position

,

:;-5"'
" y2_ ,,2

5+yJ .. l,a>b>O
Vertex

~...;+--~"
center

Focus

V"",

Focus

~-~F;,(::~:',~-"""~F":'::";:O)~' '

%2+

Foci IOgel)er
,I tclller

-b4--~-+"b '

FocaIu.is

,'

Parabolas in Standard Position

-b
For bolh ellipses;
a .. semimajor axis

Degenerate CMe:
circle or radiU5 a

b " semimioor axis

c" ~aL b2 .. center-lo-fOCllS wslaiK'e
Eccentricity; e" cIa, 0 < e < 1

-_"":""!I'''---'

Hyperbolas in Standard Position

------

--~ ...,._-~x

y" -

4p

,
:.::;:....+-~-+...:.:;=-,

---*,---,

---i-I~--x

i,
c" ccnter-lo-focusdistanee = va1- + b1
Eccentricity: e" cia > 1
Asymptotes: Y,. -H.,bla)x

c" eenler-to-focus di$llllCti .. ..rar+iil

Eccentricity: e ., da > I
Asymploles: y '" tt,alb ~

X"

4p

---ll-'i--x

J:" -

!
All parabolu IllIve ea:eotricity e" 1

Vector Operator Formulas in Cart..ian, Cylindrical, and Sphmcal Coordin,t..; Vector Identiti..
Fonnul.. for G!3d, IJiy, Cw~ and tbe UpIIciID

GndloDl

Cartaiu (.r,1,z)
~J, and k are unit vectors
in the directions of
inaeasingx,Y, and z.

CyliDdrical (r, 6, d

a" and kare unit vectors in the

directions of increasing r. 8, and z.

u,. u.. and II, are urnl vectors in the

directions of increasing p, 4>, and 8.

F;rl F,. and i, are the

scalar components of
F(x,)', z) in these
directions.

F.. F" and F,are the scalar

components of F(r, 8, z) in these

F,. F.. and F. are the scalar

components nf r(p, .. /I) in Ihcsc:

directions.

directions.

a[
la[
a[
Vj=-a,.+--a,+-k
iJr
r JfI
iJ%

la[
1 "a[
a[
VfsJinr+p",,"+ psin.JfI"

to
taF, aF,
V'F :--(rF) + - - + -

1 a II
V'F=-plop F~

Vf=a[i+a[J+a[k
iJy

iJ%

iJ%

aF. aF, aF,

DlytrJeDCt V'F=-+-+iJy

iJ%

in.

SpMricaI (P 6)

I"

ra,'rd6~

aF,

ta.

+-.-.",,(F,sm.)+-.-.
psm
pSUl ai

VxF= a a a

enrl

iJ% iJy iJ%

Loplodu

1..
r

VXF=

a
iJr

.. 1k

n,

VXF=

JfI iJ%

a'f a'f a'f

V'f=E(r~+lalf
+a'f
, ar ar ,208 1 azl

ay2 az2

,i.

""

F, F. F,

~2

P
4l psin.
a
a
a
ap
JfI
F,
pF, p sin

pl siD

F, F, F,

V'f=-+-t-

I,

V'f=ll+'~
pl tJp
op
t

a (Sin~a[)t

p2 sin 4J tJ

up

p2

I
a'f
sin1 4> 06 1

Vector Triple Products

Vector Idcntiti.. for the Cart.. ian Form of the Operator V

(u x ,). w = (, x w)' u = (w X a)' Y

In Ibc rooDes listed heR, f(x, y, z) and s<x, y, z) an: diff'renliJbk ...w
11(1', Y. z) and Y{.t, Yt z) are differentiable: vector functions.

a xC'

w) '" (o ... )'f -(a''')w

V'f': fV"

,Vf=fV"

and

("v)f

VXf'-fVX,tVf"
V'l'x,):O
VXl'f)=O

V(fg)=fVg+gVf
V(n") = (v'Vl' + ("V)u t vX (V X')+Y X(V Xv)
V'(v X,)= "l' Xn)- I'l' X,)
VX(v X,) = ("V)u -(I'Vl' t u(V") - (V. I)
Vxl' X,). Vl'') -(V'V)'r = Vl'') - V'..
(V X,) x . . (,. Vl' - -1 V(,,)
2

-------_.