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Annotated Bibliography

How 3D Printing Is Changing The Way We Do Things.

Noah Parrott
Professor Malcolm Campbell
UWRT 1103
Feb 28, 2015

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Annotated Bibliography
Buswell, R.A, R.C Soar, A.G.F Gibb, and A Thorpe. "Freeform Construction: Mega-Scale Rapid
Manufacturing for Construction." Automation in Construction. 16.2 (2007): 224-231.
Print.
This section is from a book and is about how rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing
are being integrated and developed in the world of construction. Indicated in the article,
much research is being done on how, the now mainstreamed, 3DPrinting can be used to
make better buildings. They explained that the process of Additive Manufacturing is the
same no matter what scale its on. This means that you could print anything from
microstructures, to entire buildings, calling it Freeform Construction. Indicating, all thats
needed is to build a bigger printer thats capable of handling the materials needed to
fabricate the structure. The section discusses the way that developers have begun to find
ways to replace ways that have been found to replace the traditional, cinder-block,
method of building walls, and instead making it out of a solid output, of whatever
material is chosen, from a giant scaled 3DPrinter. The section points out the possibility
for design improvements like using rounded walls instead of flat ones. Also there would
no longer be any need for peaked roofs, since the building could print the entire building,
they could be rounded and attached to the walls of the structure leaving no gaps. Also
mentioned is the fact that you could preemptively leave open areas for windows and
access panels and things of that nature. The section also touched on the possibility of
being able to print both the construction and electrical aspects of a building at the same
time, severely reducing the total completion time. This is a chapter from a book titled,

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Automation in Construction, and is a trusted source, used for Mechanical and

Manufacturing Engineering by universities. This article had many good points on all the
possible advantages of using 3DPrinting in construction industry. I will definitely be
using this in my paper because there seem to be many applications and advantages to it.
Hieu, L.C, N Zlatov, Sloten J. Vander, E Bohez, L Khanh, P.H Binh, P Oris, and Y Toshev.
"Medical Rapid Prototyping Applications and Methods." Assembly Automation. 25.4
(2005): 284-292. Print.This article is written for a journal called Assembly Automation. It
talks about how Rapid Prototyping (a.k.a. RP/Additive Manufacturing/3D Printing) goes
hand in hand with already existing medical technology such as computerized
tomography(CT), laser scanning, and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). CT, MRI, and
Laser scanning are all used to examine the structure of different parts of a humans body,
and it give back its results which are patient specific, and with that information you can
have a needed part constructed using certain biomaterials. The article talks about some of
the difficulties that can come with initially trying to incorporate medical rapid
prototyping into the already existing medical field. It can be very expensive to do, which
affects countries with low incomes more so than others. The article also talks about the
very close collaboration required between different departments of hospitals in order to
incorporate the use of rapid prototyping so that its use does not differ from the way that
the MDs were taught and trained. The article talks about the advantages of being able to
print on different scales, from big medical models to little microstructures used for
implants and surgeries. The article does a good job of bringing to light the fact that
medical rapid prototyping includes multiple fields that are needed for it to work.
Designers, manufacturers, a source to obtain raw materials, all of these are needed in

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order to incorporate this technology smoothly. This article has provided me with insight
on what it needed for medical rapid prototyping to become a commonly used technology,
it has also given me insight on a few of the different uses of it. This source has been peer
reviewed and it approved by The Atkins library at UNC Charlotte. I will probably use
some of this information in my research paper, and I will use this as base knowledge so I
can do further research on the use of 3D Printing in the medical field.
Miller, R. "Additive Manufacturing (3d Printing): Past, Present and Future." Industrial Heating
Pittsburgh Then Troy. (2014): 39-43. Print.
This article covers a very broad range of fields that use additive manufacturing ( AM/ 3D
Printing). It talks about that additive manufacturing is and the different ways that it can
be done. Stereolithography (SLA), Fused Deposition Modeling(FDM), and Selective
Laser Sintering(SLS) are the three main ways to additively manufacture something,
FDM being the most commonly used type by the general public. It tells us who created
the idea of additive manufacturing; a man named Charles Hull invented it in the 1980s
and eventually founded a company called 3D Systems. The article then goes on to talk
about the present uses of the 3D Printers. It says that the two main companies in the 3D
Printing market are 3D Systems and Stratasys. The uses of AM have been seen in fields
such as the automotive industry, the aeronautics industry, work in foundries
(molds/casts), and also in the aerospace industry. The article then talks about the future of
the industry and the theoretical applications such as entrepreneurship, use in combat
surgery, and even the possibility of someday using this technology to establish
settlements on other planets. The article points out that alliances with many companies
with sufficient funds will be needed in order to make these ideas possible. The article

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talks about the importance of materials and how we gather them. Also it talks about the
development of newer stronger material polymers that are being created in order to
improve the quality of the parts printed. The article touches on the possible business uses
that could appear, such as being able to order custom products, as 3D Printing becomes
more widely used. Lastly the article warns about the ethical conflicts that can come with
this technology. This article was a general overview for anyone wanting to learn more
about 3D Printing. It was a reliable article written for The International Journal of
Thermal Technology. It was a very good source that gave specific details about many of
the polymers that were being developed, as well as in depth information on how AM is
used in the automotive industry. I will be using this source in my paper as well as a way
to find more in depth articles pertaining to more specific areas of use.
Wohlers, Terry, Bre Pettis, and Hod Lipson. Interview by Ira Flatow, Science Friday. Natl.
Public Radio, June 22, 2012. NPR.org. Web. 2 March 2015.
This was a transcript of the radio interview on Science Friday, hosted by Ira Flatow.
Flatow interviewed three people, Terry Wohlers, Bre Pettis, and Hod Lipson. Wohlers is
president of Wohlers Associates, Pettis is CEO and co-founder of MakerBot Industries
and Lipson is an associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at Cornell
University and the co-founder of the Fab@Home Project. This interview was used to
touch on the way that 3D Printing works and how it's being used today. Wohlers and
Pettis explain to Flatow and the viewers the way that 3D Printing works, by printing
objects layer by layer. They discussed what types of companies or markets are getting
into 3D Printing with the top areas using this technology being the aerospace,
automotive, medical and dental industries. The consumer population has been buying 3D

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printers so they can meet there own personal needs without having to buy needed
parts/objects from stores. They talked about bio-printing and its current use in the
medical field through using live cells as a material that they print with. Using the live
cells they can create various tissues, whether it's skin tissue or a ligament, like the
meniscus. Research is being done so that we will be able to print things such as spinal
discs, heart valves and hopefully even more complex objects like kidneys and livers. 3D
Printers have also been used to make custom fitting implants such as titanium hip
replacements. When asked ,what the limitations of 3D Printing might be, the response
was only three things; having enough raw materials, size of the printer, and the human
imagination. Other than that, the three interviewees were confident that there was nothing
that could limit the possibilities of the 3D Printing industry. NPR is a trustworthy source
to get information from. The interviewer did not hold any bias because the topic wasnt
being debated it was only being discussed for the sake of learning. The guests on this
show all hold high positions in terms of the 3D printing world, so they know a lot about
the business of it and about its implications. I might use this information as a bridge into
further research, possibly more field specific like the medical uses of 3D printing. It
helped me get an idea of just how many big industries have already begun to use 3D
printing.