Abstract
Glass system with chemical formula: xBaO-(30 x)Fe2 O3 -10Li2 O-30Bi2 O3 -30P2 O5 mole% is prepared to be used as radiation shield.
The mass attenuation coefficient, half value layer, the total atomic cross-section (tot ) and the effective atomic number (Ze f f ) of the
glass system to gamma rays have been measured experimentally and compared with those determined from theoretical calculations
using the mixture rule of WinXCom program. A database of effective mass removal cross-sections for fast neutrons is also introduced
in this work. These results indicate that glasses in the present study can be used as radiation shielding materials, the glass system
with 15 mol% BaO is found to be superior gamma-ray and neutron shielding. The measurements are carried out to explore the
advantages of that glass samples in different radiation shielding applications.
Keywords
Absorption, Attenuation Coefficient, Effective Atomic Number
1. Introduction
2. Experimental Work
Analytically, pure grade chemicals are used to prepare the following glass samples according to the formula: xBaO(30 x)
Fe2 O3 10Li2 O-30Bi2 O3 30P2 O5 mole% where x= 0, 5, 10, 15,
20, 25 and 30.The batch mixtures are melted in porcelain crucibles
at1100 for two hours until homogeneous glasses are obtained
and then annealed in a separate annealing furnace at 250Cand
then slowly cooled to the room temperature to remove any internal stresses. Samples have been obtained in circular shape
of 2cm.Glass density measurements are measured at room temperature using the standard Archimedes method, with toluene as
the immersion fluid of stable density (0.866g/cm3 ). Attenuation
coefficients of the proposed glass system are measured in narrow
beam transmission geometry by using NaI (TI) crystal detector
with energy resolution of 12.5% at 662 keV in conjunction with
multi-channel analyzer (MCA). Radioactive sources 60 Co and
137 Cs each is used for different photon energies. Incident and
transmitted intensities of photons are measured on MCA for fixed
preset time for each sample by selecting a narrow region symmetrical with respect to the centroid of the photo peak. Counting time
is chosen such that 103105 counts, which are recorded under
each photo peak. The glassy structure of our samples is examined
by a standard X-ray method. Dry ground glass powders are investigated by using an X-ray Debye Scherrer camera. Photographs
of all samples show the diffuse bands characteristic of the X-ray
diffraction patterns of amorphous materials; no sharp line spectra
are observed confirming the glass formation.
Figure 1. Dependence of the Density and the Molar Volume of on the Percentage of BaO Content.
Gamma Ray and Neutron Shielding Properties of Bismuth Phosphate Glass Containing Iron and Barium
4. Conclusions
It can be concluded that the photon interaction of bismuth phosphate glass containing BaO, Li2 O and Fe2 O3 depends on the
photon energy, and the materials density is the main contribution in the photon attenuation coefficients which is important for
radiation shielding. The total mass attenuation of the glasses is increased with the increasing of BaO, concentration as the result of
increasing photoelectric absorption. The parameter Ze f f and tot
are energy dependent and varies from a higher value at lower energies. The composition with15 mole% BaO is the most efficient
one for absorbing fast neutrons. I suggest that this sample with15
mole% BaO - and v is a good substitute for radiation shielding
glasses, and BaO is a good choice of candidate materials.
References
[1] H. Doweidar, Y. Moustafa, K. El-Egili, and I. Abbas, Infrared spectra of fe2o3-pbo-p2o5 glasses, Vibrational spectroscopy, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 9196, 2005.
[9] Definition of Half-value thickness from the European Nuclear Society. http://www.euronuclear.org/info /encyclopedia/h /half-value-thickness.