ABSTRACT
The Controlled Source Magnetotelluric (CSMT) survey
conducted at Malabuyoc geothermal prospect aims at
establishing the presence and extent of hot water to a
medium depth of 300-500 meters for non-electrical
applications of geothermal fluids.
The resistivity anomalies in the prospect are largely
controlled by geologic structure (faulted anticlinal structure).
VISAYAN SEA
E
PIN
ILIP
PH
eF
pin
ilip
Tacloban City
Iloilo
Basin
aul
PANAY
Ph
t Zo
SE
ne
Bacolod City
CEB
U
Iloilo City
LEYTE
NEGROS
Cebu City
BO
H
OL
The best site to drill for a well that could extract possible
hot/warm water for spa resort development is the area
bounded by steep resistivity gradient coincident with MRF.
Possible hot water is at permeable karst aquifer located at
depth between the 100 to 300 m below sea level (bsl).
Visayan
Basin
Survey
Area
Tagbilaran
M
ao
an
ind
t
en
m
ea
Lin
1. INTRODUCTION
The Controlled Source Magnetotelluric (CSMT) survey was
conducted over the Malabuyoc Geothermal Prospect from
May 16, 2002 - June 8, 2002 covering the towns of
Malabuyoc and a portion of Alegria, in Cebu Province. The
survey is the Department of Energy's (DOE's) commitment
in the Health Spa Resort Development Project, an interagency collaboration between the Department of Tourism
(DOT), Department of Energy (DOE) and Philippine
Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health CareDepartment of Health (PITAHC-DOH).
The project
objective is to promote identified geothermal areas for health
spa resort development while the survey is to establish the
presence and extent of hot water at a medium depth between
300-500 meters for non-electrical applications. This
technique has been used successfully in the exploration of
shallow groundwater resources in the United States (Zonge,
1992).
IN
O
NA
DA
A
SE
Butuan
Dipolog
Cagayan de Oro
123*20'
9*43'
LEGEND
Oil/Gas Well
Warm spring
L eg
Barili Marl
Legaspi
Lumpan
a sp
iR
ive
Barili Limestone
Carcar Formation
U D
Anticline
Quaternary Alluvium
Lanaya
Bl
Geologic Contact
Malabuyoc
C
Tumandok
Fold
Samuyao
BM
CSMT Station
Siag
Tape
Abungon
U
BM
CF Daanbantayan
Bantayan
Island
Montaneza
Qal
CF
CF
Mo
nta
ne
Canlaga
za
R
Mainit
ive
r Fa
ult
NBM
Ginalayugan
U
D
BM
K
MF
CV
TF
Armenia
Qal
Danao
CF
CV
MF
CV
Str
ait
CF
MF
CAMOTES SEA
CF
Qal
Mactan Island
Ta
no
n
Str
ait
Bm
Bl
Bo
hol
Argao
Dalaguete
Bl
CF
Cangulay
Sorsogon
BM
Sali
ring
Riv
er
Parali
Bl
BM
Mindanaw
CF
Qal
BM
MALABUYOC
Naga
Carcar
ona
Compostela
Qal
CF
Qal
Cebu City
D U
Qal
Bl
Bm
CF
MF
Tamia
North-S
outh Faul
t
Bl
Kantipase
Qal
MF
iag
Candalag
CF
CF
le D
r
ive
Lombo
ult
l Fa
Malabuyoc Anticline
Bm
d
Mid
R
za
ne
Mandayang
Qal
Qal
Lanao
nta
Mo
LEGEND
K
CV
X
MF
TF
Bl
Bm
CF
Qal
CF
Pandan Formation
Cansi Volcanics
Diorite
Malubog Formation
Toledo Formation
Barili Limestone
Barili Marl
Carcar Formation
Alluvium
Geologic Contact
Mahanlog
Bl
Labrador
9*38'
Mts
Fault
Fold
CF
123*20
'
123*21
'
9*43'
LEGEND
Receiver Station
Transmitter Dipole
A
A
Profile Line
Mal06
B'
C
Mal10
C'
Mal07
Mal02
Mal09
Mal03r
Mal08
Mal05r
Mal11
Mal04r
Mal30
Mal12
Mal14
Mal29
Mal28
Mal13
Mal01r
Mal23
Mal16
Mal27
Mal31
Mal17
Mal20
Mal22
A'
Mal15
D'
Mal26
Mal19
B
Mal25
Mal21
Mal18
Mal24
9*43'
Data
Data Sorting
Data Files
Coordinate
Smoothing
1D Inversion
(Far Field)
Near Field)
Depthwise
Contouring
Resistivity Log
Surfer
Resistivity Section
3.1.1 CPR-1
The well was drilled at the eastern flank of the Malabuyoc
anticline for testing the middle diagonal fault and the
possible anticlinal trap at the Malabuyoc anticline.
Lithologies were the Upper Miocene to Pliocene marine
sediments consisting of Barili Marl, the upper, middle and
lower members of the Barili Formation and the clastic
member of the Maingit Formation. Lost circulation zones
were encountered at depth between 117 to 257-m and
484-m bsl respectively. CPR-1 has a total depth 1,588-m and
has a maximum recordable temperature of 540C (CPR,
1976).
3.1.2 CPR-2
The well is located about 2.3 km SW of CPR-1 within the
western flank of Malabuyoc anticline. It is the second well
drilled by Chinese Petroleum Corporation in January 1975
with a purpose of testing the NNE normal fault and the
anticlinal traps on the south of the Malabuyoc anticline.
Lithologies penetrated by the well were the Lower Miocene
to Pliocene marine sediments consisting of the upper and
lower limestone member of Barili Formation, the clastic and
limestone member of the Maingit Formation, the upper and
lower limestone member of Toledo Formatio and the clastic
member of the Malubog Formation. Lost circulation zone
were encountered at a depth between 17 m and 178 m and
between 1085 m and 1093 m bsl respectively. CPR-2 has
a total depth of 2,045 m and with maximum recordable
temperature of 910C (BED-ELC, 1979).
500
CPR-1
Barili Marl
CPR-2
Barili Clastic
-500
Depth (Mts)
123 21'
LEG EN
D
O il/G a s
e ll
Wa
rm
sFporld
in g
F a u lt ( d a s h e d
w hen
inSf eMr re
C
T d)
S t a tio n
Maingit Clastic
Le
ohm m e te r
Maingit Lst
Toledo Lst
-1500
Toledo Clastic
-2000
er
e
U D
n
Lli a n a y a
c
ti
n
A
c
o
y
u
A bungon
b
a
U
al
D
M
Sam uyao
S ia g
Mo
n ta
nez
M a in it
U
D
C a n la g a
a R
iv e
M id
G in a la y u g a n
Lanao
pi R
iv
T um andok
M o n ta n e z a
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Lum pan
ga s
Legaspi
T ape
Maingit Clastic
-1000
123 20'
9o4 3 '
Mo
D ia
ne
za
R iv
er
M andayang
rF
a u lt
d le
n ta
a
gon
Luolt m b o
l Fa
C a n d a la g
e
n
lic
tin
A
c
o
y
u
b
a
la
M
T a m ia
K a n tip a s e
A r m e n ia
lt
u
a
F
h
t
u
o
S
h
C a n g u la y
S o rso g o n
rt
o
N
M ALABUYO C
S a lir
in g
R iv
er
P a ra li
M in d a n a w
M a h a n lo g
L a b ra d o r
9 38'
1000
2000
3000
M ts
123o21'
LEGEND
9 43'
Legaspi
Lumpan
sp i
R iv
U D
Lanaya
Tumandok
Samuyao
Siag
Tape
Warm spring
Fold
Fault (dashed
when inferred)
CSMT Station
er
pi R
ive
U D
Lanaya
Samuyao
Siag
Tape
Abungon
U
ohm-meter
Mo
nta
nez
a
Mainit
Canlaga
Ginalayugan
Lanao
U
D
Riv
er F
ault
dle
Mid
Dia
tan
on
a
ez
er
R iv
Mandayang
Malabuyoc Anticline
110
100
90
80
70
Tamia
Armenia
50
D U
North-S
outh Fa
ult
Kantipase
Mo
nta
nez
a
Mainit
Canlaga
Riv
er F
ault
170
160
Lombo
ault
al F
gon
Ginalayugan
Lanao
150
140
130
Candalag
120
Montaneza
200
190
180
U
D
d
Mid
ia
le D
Tamia
Kantipase
60
Armenia
50
40
30
20
10
MALABUYOC
r
iv e
Candalag
110
100
90
80
70
Sorsogon
R
za
Mandayang
120
Cangulay
e
tan
on
Lombo
ault
al F
gon
Malabuyoc Anticline
Montaneza
170
160
40
30
20
10
Lumpan
gas
Tumandok
Abungon
U
ohm-meter
60
Le
Legaspi
Malabuyo
c Anticline
Le
ga
Malabuyo
c Anticline
Warm spring
Fold
Fault (dashed
when inferred)
CSMT Station
150
140
130
LEGEND
Oil/Gas Well
Oil/Gas Well
200
190
180
123o21'
123o20'
o
D U
North-S
outh Fa
ult
9o43'
Cangulay
Sorsogon
MALABUYOC
Sal
ir in
gR
ive r
Sal
irin
g
Parali
Riv
er
Parali
Mindanaw
Mindanaw
Mahanlog
9o 38'
Labrador
9 38'
Mahanlog
Labrador
Mts
Mts
123o21'
123o20'
9o43'
LEGEND
Oil/Gas Well
Warm spring
Fold
Fault (dashed
when inferred)
CSMT Station
Le
ga
Legaspi
Lumpan
sp i
R iv
er
Malabuyo
c Anticline
U D
Lanaya
Tumandok
Samuyao
Siag
Tape
Abungon
U
ohm-meter
Montaneza
Mo
nta
nez
a
Mainit
Canlaga
Riv
er F
ault
170
160
150
140
130
Ginalayugan
Lanao
U
D
dle
Mid
Tamia
Armenia
D U
North-S
outh Fa
ult
Kantipase
50
40
30
20
10
ne
ta
za
e
Riv
Mandayang
Candalag
110
100
90
80
70
60
on
Lombo
lt
Fau
nal
iago
120
4.1.8 -750 m
The Mainit anomaly remains the same while the Armenia
anomaly increases tremendously in this level (Fig. 11). On
the other hand, the middle resistive block increases in size
and is merged with the highly resistive block. Conspicuous
is the steepening of the contour at the southern edge of the
survey area, which probably indicates manifestation of the
north-south trending fault. The trend of the resistive block
coincides with the trend of Malabuyoc anticline.
Malabuyoc Anticline
200
190
180
Cangulay
Sorsogon
MALABUYOC
Sal
irin
g
Riv
er
Parali
Mindanaw
Mahanlog
9o38'
Labrador
Mts
123 20'
123 21'
Mal 22
LEGEND
Lumpan
Warm spring
Fold
Fault (dashed
when inferred)
CSMT Station
Leg
Legaspi
a sp
iR
Lanaya
Siag
Abungon
U
Montaneza
Mo
nta
ne
Canlaga
za
Riv
e
Mainit
Ginalayugan
Lanao
U
D
dle
Mid
-1000
Mandayang
rF
ault
170
160
za
ne
ta
on
r
iv e
-500
N o rth -S o u th F a u lt
Malabuyoc
Anticline
U D
ohm-meter
gon
Dia
al
Maingit Clastic
Member
Lombo
lt
Fau
Maingit Lst
Member
-1500
Malabuyoc Anticline
Candalag
Tamia
110
100
90
80
70
Armenia
D U
North-S
outh Fa
ult
Kantipase
50
40
30
20
10
Tape
60
Barili Marl
Samuyao
150
140
130
120
ohm-meter
Mal 26
ive
Tumandok
200
190
180
1500
Cangulay
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Distance (m)
Sorsogon
SW
Mal 08
MALABUYOC
S alir
ing
500
Riv
er
Mal 27
Parali
Mal 26
Mindanaw
Mal 01r
D e p th (M )
Labrador
9 38'
Mts
M o n ta n e z a R iv e r F a u lt
Mahanlog
o
CPR-1
Mal 20
Mal 15r
Oil/Gas Well
D e p th (m )
9o43'
-500
-1000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Distance (M)
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
W
Mal 07
Mal 09
Mal 10
500
Mal 03r
Mal 02
ohm-meter
-500
200
190
180
Postulated Fault
Depth (m)
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
-1000
60
50
-1500
40
30
20
10
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Distance (m)
SSE
NNW
Mal 22
Mal 20
Mal 16
Mal 29
Mal 01r
ohm-meter
200
190
180
Depth (m)
-500
170
160
150
140
130
-1000
-1500
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
6. GEOPHYSICAL MODEL
Due to absence of mappable igneous rocks that will warrant
existence of a possible heat source that will trigger
convection, the system in the area was modeled to be similar
to a basement aquifer beneath sedimentary basins as shown
by their remarkable resemblance.
4500
Distance (m)
Leg
Legaspi
Fold
Lumpan
a sp
iR
iv
er
Malabuyoc
Anticline
U D
Lanaya
CSMT Station
Tumandok
Samuyao
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
5
0
Montaneza
Mo
nta
nez
aR
ive
r Fa
Mainit
ult
Ginalayugan
Lanao
U
D
dle
Mid
Dia
Abungon
U
Canlaga
n
nta
Mo
a
ez
Riv
er
Mandayang
Lombo
ault
al F
gon
Candalag
Malabuyoc Anticline
Siag
Tape
Ohm-meter
123*21'
123*20'
9*43'
Tamia
Kantipase
Armenia
D U
North-S
outh Fa
ult
Cangulay
Sorsogon
MALABUYOC
Salir
in g
R iv
er
Parali
Mindanaw
Mahanlog
Labrador
9*38'
Mts
8. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank the following persons who
contributed to the success of the survey:
Mr. Vicente M. Karunungan, our Division Chief; Director
Antonio Labios, Gerald Cabizares, Richard Russel and Enric
Padayao of DOE-Visayas Field Office; Mayor Lito Creus of
the Malabuyoc town for logistic support; Ms. Alicia Reyes
for her geophysical comment and edition of this report; and
to the Department of Tourism and Department of Health for
their continued trust and believe to ERDB-DOE technical.
REFERENCES
Bureau of Energy Development. 1979. :Inventory of the
Thermal Areas in the Philippines, Philippine-Italian
Technical Cooperation on Geothermics Stage II, DOE
Internal Report, Pp 2
Del Rosario, R.A., Pastor, M.S., Malapitan, R.T., Papasin,
R.F. and Domingo, F.G. 2002.:Comparative Study of
the 1999 and 2001 Controlled Source Magnetotelluric
Surveys Done in Manito Lowland Geothermal
Resource, Manito, Albay, DOE Internal Report, 61pp.
The best target site to drill a well for spa and resort
development is the area bounded by steep resistivity gradient
9
10