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THE ANATID^
OK

DUCK

TRIBE,

BY

T!'

Cv'^EYTON,

ESQ.,

F.G.S.,

F.Z.S.,

^ncZ Corresponding Member of the Ntitund History Society of

PkikuleliJhia.

WELLINGTON, SALOP

PRINTED BY

R.

HOBSON, MARKET SQUARE.

MDCCCLXIX.

s^.

PREFACE,

The

be taken as a second edition of

my

the Anatidae," with great additions, bringing

my

present work

"Monograph on

may

knowledge of that family down to the present time.

it

in the present form, because

foreign eountries, and for those

it

is

more

who wish

have printed

porta])lG for travellers in

to studv this family in the

Zoological Gardens.

beg

to present

my

thanks to Mr. G. Gray and to Mr. More for

the facility they have given

me

in examining the collections under

their care, as well as to those gentlemen

who

assisted

me

in

my

former work.

THOS.
Eyton,
July

3,

1869.

C.

EYTON.

USJ4:
f

\'

......

...
.

INDEX
I'AGE

Preface
Anatidte

Plectropterus lluppelii
.

Gambensis

Plectropterinse

Cereupsid Novte Hollandite

Anseranas

2
2
2

Chloephaga cannagica

Plectropterus
Anserinee
Cereopsis

CLloephaga

Bernicla ...
Netta]jus

Auser
Cygnus

4
4

5
5
6
6

...

Sarkidiornis

Chenalopex
Anatinje

Tadorna ...
Oasarka ...
Dendrocygna

7
7
S
8
8
9

Leptotarsis
Datila
...
Paecillonitta

Mareca
Aix

Querquedula
Petrocyanea
Spatula
Malacorhynchus
Chaulelasraus

Anas
Carina
Fuligulinse

Micropterus
Melanitta
Somateria
Eniconetta

Hymenolaimus
Kamptorhynchus
. .

Callichen
Puligula

Nyroca
Harelda

...

Clangula
Erismaturinae
Thalassornis
Biziura
.

Erismatura
Merginse

Mergus

Rubiniceps
Sandvicensis
inornata
Magellauica

...

Merganetta
Synopsis specierum
Anseranas seinipalmatus

9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
]5
15
15
16
16
17
17

1&
18
19
19
20
20
21
21

22
23
23
23

--

dispar
poliocephala

Bernicla Cyanoptera
Antarctica

...

ruticollis

Brenta
^

leucopsis

jubata
Nettapus Madagascariensis

Coromandelianus
pulcbellus

Aneer Indicus ...

brachyrbynchus
erythropus

segetum
Rossii
hj^perboreus

melanopterus

...

ferns

Guineensis
Hutchinsii
Canadensis

Cygnus

olor

immutabilis

...

atratus
nigricoUis

Bewickii

Americanus

...

buccinator
anatoides
ferus
Sarkidiornis regius

Africanus

Chenalopex j^Egyptiaca
j

ubatus

Cana
Tadorna

Bellonii

radjah
Casarka rutUa
scutellata
tadoi-noides

leucoptera
castanea

.
.
.
.

..

..

INDEX.
PAGE
Dendrocygna maj or

...

arcuata
guttulata
autumnalis
viduata ...
arborea
.

Ticptotarsis

Eytoni

Uafila urophasianus
pyrogaster

6.J

caudacuta
Paecilonitta erythrorliyucha

BahameiLsid

Mareca Americana
Chiloensis
fistularis

castanea
galericulata
spoiisa

Querquedula Javauensis
glocitaiis

crecca

...

- CarulineiLsis

forinosa

...

Manillensis
f alcaria

erythrorliyucha

Puna
ereccoide.s

Capensis
Hottentota
Petrocyanea inornata ...

circia
freteusis.

discors

...

cyanoptera
Rafflesii

Spatula rhynchotis
maculatus
clypeata
Capensis
Malacorhynchus membrinac(eus
Chaulelasmus strepera

Anas

gibbifrons
jjsecilorhyncha
chlorotis ...

Anas sparsa
Carina moschata
Micropterus Patachonious
brachypterus
Melanitta Americana
.

67

68
68
69
70
71
71
72
74
74
75
76
77
7S
78
79
81
81
82
83
84
84
85
86
87
88
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
94
95

perspicillata

fusca

Somateria Fischeri
spectabilis

V nigrum

Callichen caryophyllaceum

rufinum
Fuligula valisnevia
f erina

Americana
marilla

affinis

rutitorques
ci'istata

Nyroca melanocephala
Aus trails
leucopthalmus
brunuea
Harelda glacialis
Clangula histrionica

albeola
Barrovii
vulgaris

Americana
l^halassornis leucoHOtus

Biziura lobata

...

Erismatura INiaccoa
unifasciata
ferrugiuea
leucocei^hala
rubida
Australis

Dominica
Nesonetta Auclandica
Mergus merganser
serrator

Brazilianus

squamatus

Luzonica

96
96
97
97
98

cucullatus

obscura
boschas

...
...

tlavirostris

Kamptorhynchus Labradorus

95

superciiiosa

...
.

St. Cuthberti
Eniconetta Stelleri

specularis...
...

nigra

65
66

mannorata

Aix

59
60
60
61
61
62
03
64

pusillus
albellus

Merganetta armata
Chilensis

ORDER NATATORES.
FAM. ANATID^.
Ext. Chae. Rostrum magnum epidermide molli potius quani
cornuo veritabili tectum lateribus lameUis vel dentibus parvis armatis.
;

Lingua magna carnosa lateribus setis instructis.

Al(2 mediocres.
Pedes fere vel omnino in equilibrio locati, digitis tribus anterioribus

membrano

junctis.

Ext, Char.

Bill large, covered with a soft epidermis rather than

true horn, the sides armed v/ith lamellae or small teeth.

Tongue large,
margins toothed. Wings moderate. Feet placed in
or near the equilibrium.
Toes with the three anterior ones joinen
by a membrane. Neck long.
fleshy, with the

SUB FAM.

I.

PLECTROPTERINiE.

Rostrum magnum, ad apicem augustatum, et ungue

Plumce inter oculos rostrumque carent.
Tihi(S
quarta denudatse.
Pedes validi, digitis unguibus magnis

Ext. Char.

magna
parte

instructa.

instructis.

Ext. Char.

Bill large,

narrow

at the apex,

The space between the eyes and

and armed with a large

bill

devoid of feathers.

Thighs denuded for a quarter of their length.

Feet strong, armed

claw.

with sharp claws.

This curious group appears to lead directly to the

grallatorial birds, but with the flamingo in particular it coincides to
a great degree in the intestinal anatomy while its skeleton at least
Affinities.

the fragments of

it

we have inspected

^is

that of a true goose, that

of the flamingo approaching most intimately the uirdeid(S,

opinion (although in some particulars

to accord with the Anatidce) entirely precludes

into the order.

which in our
anatomy appears
from being admitted

its intestinal
it

GENUS

I.

ANSERANAS.

Pedes digitis longis, semi-membrinatis, unguibus

Ext. Char.
magnis incurvatis instructis. Tarsi magni. Tihice multum denudatae.
Rostrum longum acuminatum cera ad oculos tendente. Caput ossea
tubercula supra nares et ungue, magna.

Anat. Char. Trachea longa convoluta.

Type. Anseranas semipalmatus, Less.
Choristopus nobis.
Anser. Linn. Auct.
Type. Anseranas semipalmatus.
This genus certainly approaches most nearly of any
Affinity.
among the Anatidce to the order Orallatores. To the genus Plectropterus it is nearly allied in form.

GENUS

II.

PLECTROPTERUS.

membrinati digitis posterioribus longis,

magnis, sed non lobatis, unguibus magnis et incurvatis instructis.
Rostrum latum ungue magna instructa. Nares ovales, in medio rostri

Ext.

positse.

Char.

Pedes

una

Al(2

calcaria armatae.

Ext. Char.
Feet -with the posterior toes long, large, and not
lobed; armed with large and curved claws. Bill broad, furnished
with a large

nail.

Nostrils oval, placed in the middle of the

bill.

Wings armed with one spur.

Anas. Linn.
Plectropterus. StepJi.
Type. Plectropterus gamhersis.

SUB FAM.

II.

ANSERINE.

Rostrum altius-quam latum.

non lobatis.

Ext. Char.

Pedes mediocres validi,

digitis posterioribus

Ext. Char.

posterior toes not lobed.

Habit.

The

birds contained in this family feed equally on the

land and water; some species, however, scarcely ever approach it: the
whole live almost entirely on vegetables. They have a very wide geographical range, and are mostly migratory.

Type.

Anser ferus.

Affinities.

The nearest

Feet moderate, strong, the

Bill higher than broad.

affinity

it

appears to jwesent to tho

following sub-family

is

through the genus Chenalopex.

On th3
approach the Plec-

other hand, the genus Cereopsis appears to

tropterince in its anatomy and habit.

GENUS

I.

CEREOPSIS.

Ext. Char. Pedes similibus genere sequenti. Rostrum breve^

obtusum culmine arcuato. Nares cera tectae, magnse, et rotundatse.
Ext. Char. Feet as in the preceding. Bill with a cere covering
the nostrils the culmen arched. Nostrils large, rounded.
;

Lath.

Cereopsis.

Type.

Cereopsis Novce Hollandice.

Another rather anomalous genus, more closely connected, however, with the geese than the preceding.
Affinities.

GENUS

CHLOEPHAGA.

II.

Ext. Char.
Pedes robusti.
Digitis p)osteriorihus mediocribus,
unguibus incurvatis iustructis. Membrana inter digitos anterius concavatis.
Tarsi robusti longi.
Rostrum robustum, culmine vix
arcuatum, ungue magna instructa. Nares lineares in medio rostri
positoB. Lamella parvae antice obliterae.
Ext. Char. Feet robust. Posterior toes moderate, armed with a
curved claw, with the membranes between the toes scolloped out in
front.
Tarsi large and strong. Bill robust, with the culmen slightly
arched armed with a large nail. Nostrils linear, placed in the middle
of the bill.
Lamella small, obliterated anteriorly.
Anas. Linn.
Bernicla. Stepfi.
;

Chloephaga
Type.

nobis,

-w-.

Chloephaga Magellanica.

GENUS

III.

BERNICLA.

Ext. Char. Pedes parvi, digitis posterioribus non lobatis, unguibus

magnis instructis. Tarsi elongati. Rostrum parvum, capite brevius.
Nares lineares, in medio rostri positae.
Ext. Char. Feet small, with the posterior toes not lobated the
;

nails large.

Tarsi elongate.

Bill small,

Nostrils linear, placed in the middle of the

Bernicla.

Steph.

Anas.

Linn.

Type.

Bernicla jubata.

shorter than the head.

bill.

Affinity.
Nearly
ing and following.

allied,

both in anatomy and habit, to the preced-

GENUS
Ext. Char.

IV.

NETTAPUS.

Rostrum parvum, ad basin elvevatum, valde altiusmagna instructa. Nares rotundatae, culmen
Pedes magni. Digiti longi et acutis unguibus armati.
Cauda rotundata.

qiiam latum, et ungue

versus positse.
Tarsi breves.

Ext. Char. Bill small, elevated at the base, much higher than
broad, and armed -with a large nail. Nostrils rounded, placed towards
the culmen.

Feet large.

Tarsi short.

The

tail

Toes long, and

armed with sharp

claws.

roimded.

Anat. Char. Unknown.

Nettapus. Bor.
Anser. Linn.., Lath.
Bernicla. StepJi.
QuERQUEULA. Gray.
Cheniscus. Brookes' M88.
Type. Nettapus Coromandelianus.
In the structure of the feet this genus bears considerAffinity.
able resemblance to the species of the genus Anser, adapted for

smmming, though
contrary,

is

of extremely diminutive size.

The

biU,

on the

that of Bernicla.

GENUS

V.

ANSER.

Ext. Char.
Pedes digitis posterioribus non lobatis, unguibus
magnis arcuatis. Tarsi robusti et magni. Tihice parte tertia denudatse.
Rostrum magnum, validum, ungue magna instructum, lateribus
plerumque hiantibus. Nares ovales in medio rostri positae.
Lingua
obtusa non ad apicem appendiculata, sed subtus cornea, in latera una
ordine setarum brevium,

et supra has setas multis rigidis spinis

ad apicem tendentibus.
Ext. Char. Feet v/ith the posterior toes not lobated, armed with

instructis

large claws.

Tarsi robust and large.

Tihioi for a

thkd

pai-t

denuded.

Bill large, strong, furnished with a large nail, the sides gaping.
Nostrils oval, placed in the middle of the

bill.

Tongue obtuse,

Avith-

out an appendage, but below corneous, the sides armed with one rank
of bristles
above and on the sides is a row of many stiff bristles
extended to the tip.
;

Ansee. Auet.
Anas. Linn.
Type. Anser ferns.
Affinities.

Some

of the species of this genus approach near the

swans, as Anser Canadenses, while others present an affinity to the

Bernicles, as Anser indica.

GENUS
Ext. Char.

VI.

Pedes magni, digitis posterioribus parvis, gibbosis,

mediis longissimis.

Rostrum magnum, lateribus

subovales, in medio rostri positse.

Ext. Char.

CYGNUS.
parallelibus.

Nares

Cervix longa.

Feet large, with the posterior toes small, gibbous,

the middle ones longest.

oval, placed in the

Bill large, the sides parallel.

middle of the

bill.

Nostrils sub-

Nech long.

Cygnus. Ray., Briss.

Anas. Linn., Lath.
Type.

Cygnus ferus.

Although we have placed the swans with the

by any means certain that it is their proper place.

Affinities.

are not

GENUS
Ext. Char.

VII.

geese,

we

SAKKIDIORNIS.

Pedes digitis posterioribus mediocribus, in tarsis alte

Rostrum in maribus caruncula magna

compressa culmine.
Nares rotundatse magnae. Alee una calcaria
armat^e, et remigibus apices versus incurvatis.
Cauda ad apicem
Tarsi mediocres.

locatis.

truncata.

Ext. Char.
on the

tarsi.

Feet with the posterior toes moderate, placed high

Tarsi moderate.

pressed caruncle on the top.

Bill in the males with a large comWings each armed with a spur, and

with the quills incurved towards the points.

Tail squared at the end.

Carina. Steph.
Anser. Linn.
Sarkidiornis nobis. "Plectropterus. Steph.
Type. Sarkidiornis melanotus.
Various have been the genera in which the bird before us has
been placed (Anser melanotus, Linn.), with none of which does it
agi'ee.
We have therefore proposed a new one for it.
We have placed it, as far as we have been able (no
Affinities.

anatomical character being known), in what appears to us to be its

proper place namely, between the genera Chenalopex and Anser. It

agrees with the former in having a spur on the wing.

GENUS
Ext. Char.

CHENALOPEX.

VIII.

Pedes digitis posterioribus gibbosis, et unguibus

Rostrum validum ad basum tuberculatum.

Lamellce non ad marginem rostri continuatse. Nares subrotundatse
in medio rostri positse. Alee calcaria una armataB.
Cauda ad apicem
Tarsi longi.

robustis.

truncata.

Feet with the posterior toes gibbous, and the claws

Ext. Char.
strong.

Tarsi long.

Bill strong, at the base tuberculated.

middle of the

bill.

Lamellce

Nostrils rather rounded, placed in the

not continued to the margin.

Wings armed with one spur.

Tail squared at th

end.

Anser. Auct.
Chenalopex. StepTi. Antiq.
Type. Chenalopex Erjypitiaca.
This genus, in possessing a bulb on the trachea, presents
Affinity.
an affinity to the ducks while its form and habit evidently point out
;

its

connection with the geese.

SUB FAM.
Ext.

Char.

Rostrum

mediocres, digiti posteriores

III.

ANATINiE.

latitudine

nunquam

altitudini

lobati,

Pedes

sequante.

sed aliquando gibbosi.

and height equal. Feet moderate

posterior toes never lobated, but sometimes gibbous.
Ext. Char.
Type.

Habit.

Bill in breadth

Anas.
Aquatic, frequenting fresh water in preference to the sea,

feeding generally along the edges of lakes and rivers on small molluscous animals, in preference to diving for

and weeds

them

soft aquatic plants

also substitute a considerable portion of their food

The species, having

on land.
have a very wide geographical range.
often also feed

To the Fuligulince
Affinities.
musk duck (Carina MosohataJ,

gi*eat

power

they

of flight,

this sub-family is connected

by the

which, besides having a largely

developed and slightly lobated hind toe, has the bulb situated at the
inferior larynx compressed, and not altogether osseous, as is the case

The genus Micropterus

in the rest of the family.

has,

on the other

hand, a trachea very nearly resembling that of the true land duck.
We prefer taking the genus Anas, as at present restricted, for the
type of this sub-family, instead of Rliyncliaspis, as proposed by Mr.
Swainson, regarding that form and the nearly allied one of

Malacorhynchus rather as ultra than typical, and not so well suited

what may be termed the true habit of the sub-family as that we
have chosen.

to

GENUS

Tarsi robusti et longi.

Lamellce vix elongatae.

dimidio basali rostri positae.

Ext. Char.

Rostrum mediocre validum

Nares ovales, magnse, in

Cauda rotundata.

Feet with the posterior toes not lobated, armed with

Tarsi thick and long.

thick claws.

scarcely elongated.

the

TADORNA.

Pedes digitis posterioribus non lobatis, unguibus

Ext. Char.
robustis armatis.

recurvatum.

I.

Bill moderately strong.

Lamellce

Nostrils oval, large, placed in the basal half of

Tail rounded.

bill.

Anas.

Linn., Gmel., Lath.

Tadorna. Leach., Flem., Steph.

Type. Tadorna Bellonii.

The common Sheldrake approaches near in external

Nothing being known of the
that genus, we cannot trace the affinity farther.
To the

Affinities.

character to the following genus.

anatomy

of

AnserincB

it

also approaches in its osteology

ticularly to the

GENUS
Ext. Char.

and general

II.

CASARKA.

Rostrum mediocre lateribus jDaraUelibus non recur-

vatum. A7*>'^ssubovales, culminem versus positae.

Pedes robusti, digiti unguibus magnis armati.

Ext. Char. Bill moderate, with the sides

Nostrils suboval, placed near the culmen.

robust, the toes

Anas.

armed with large

parallel, not recurved.

Lamellce elongated.

Feet

claws.

Selby.

Casarka. Bonap.
Type. Casarha rutila.
This genus
Affinity.
it is

Lamellce e\ong3A>2e.

Linn., Lath.

Tadorna.

which

habit, par-

genus Chenalopex,

closely allied,

may be distinguished from Tadorna, to

by the straighter and much shorter biU,

GENUS

III.

DENDKOCYGNA.

Pedes digitis posterioribus longis, non lobatis un-

Ext. Char.

Rostrum mediocre
magnae
prope culmen in
validum altius-quam latum. Nares ovales
medio rostri positae. Lamellce abbreviatae. Cauda flexilis rotundata.
Alee remigibus primariis magna incisura in medio parte.
Ext. Char. Feet with the posterior toes long, not lobated, and
Bill of moderate length,
with long claws. Tarsi robust and long.
strong, higher than broad. Nostrils placed near the culmen in the
Tarsi robusti et longi.

guibus longis armatae.

middle of the bill. Lamellce abbreviated.

Primaries with a deep notch in the middle.
Anas.

Tail flexible,

rounded.

Linn.

Dendrocygna.

Swainson.

Type. Dendrocijcjna arcuatd.

This genus will be easily recognized by the great length of the
Anas arcuata,
tarsi, and at the same time rounded form of the tail.
Hors., or A?ias viduata, Linn., may be considered as typical species.

The genus appears to form a beautiful connecting link

Affinities.
between the true fresh-water ducks and the foregoing genus.

GENUS

IV.

LEPTOTAESIS.

ExT. Char. Bostrum mediocre ad basin, altius-quam latum, culNares parvre, culmen
mine complanata et ungue magno instructo.
Tarsi longi et graciles.
Digiti ungiiibus paululum
versus locatae.
incurvatis acutisque armati.

Ext. Char.
<3ulmen

much

Bill moderate at the base, higher than broad, the

flattened and with a large nail.

near the culmen.

Tarsi long and slender.

Nostrils small, placed

Toes

armed with curved

and sharp claws.

Leptotarsis.
Affinity.

The

Ooidd.
structure of the bill appears to ally this genus to

that of Dendrocygna

while, on the other

which, though not elongated,

is

GENUS
Ext.

Char.

tail,

acuminate, to the genus Dajila.

V.

DAFILA.

Pedes digitis posterioribus, non lobatis, mediis

Rostrum longius capite

paululum denudatae.
Nares magnae ovales, prope culmen ad basin
Lamellce ad marginem rostri continuatae. Lingua subobtusa

longissimis.

Tihioi

lateribus parallelibus.
positae.

hand, that of the

9
ad apicem appendiculata lateribus una ordiiie setarum brevium, supra
has setas in medio octo S2)inis rigidis instructa. Cauda longa.
Ext. Char. Feet with the posterior toe not lohed, the middle one
Thighs a

longest.

base.

little

denuded.

Bill longer than the head, the

Nostrils large, oval, placed near the

sides parallel.

LamellcB continued to the edge of the

obtuse at the point, with an appendage

row

of bristles,

and above the

bill.

culmen at the
Tongue rather

the sides furnished with one

bristles in the

middle with eight

stiff

spines.

Anas. Linn.
Dafila. Leach^ Steph.
Type. Dafila acuta.

genus is much elongated, presenting in

that particular an affinity to the genus Mareca, which has it slightly so.

The

Affinity.

tail in this

GENUS

VI.

P^CILLONITTA.

Ext. Char. Pedes digitis posterioribus brevibus etparvis, non

lobatis.
Rostrum mediocre, altitudine latitudine sequante.
Nares
prope basi positae, rotundatae. Cauda mediocris, rotundata.
Ext. Char.
lobed.

Feet with the posterior toes short and small, not

Bill moderate, the height equal to the breadth.

placed near the base, rounded.

Anas.

Nostrils

Tail moderate, rounded.

Linn.

Mareca.

Steph.

PiECILLONITTA Uohis.

Type.

Pcecillonitta Bahamensis.

We

have formed this genus for the reception of Anas Bdhatnensis

near ally Anas Erijthrorhyncha.
In default of anatomical character, and from general
Affinity.
structure, this genus appears to be nearly allied to Dafila.

and

its

GENUS

VII.

MARECA.

Ext, Char. Pedes digitis posterioribus non lobatis mediis longisRostrum brevius capite, prope
simis.
Tihice paululum denudatse.
basin latissimum. Nares parvae, ovales. LamellcB ad marginem rostri
continuatae.
Lingua subobtusa, ad apicem appendiculata latera una
ordine setarum brevium et in medio duplice ordine instructis.
Ext. Char. Feet with the posterior toes not lobed, the middle
one longest. The Thighs a little denuded. Bill shorter than the

10
head, broadest near the base.
""^

*^^

Nostrils smaU, oval.

^'''^"' '^^^'' ''^*'''^'

at the tT'''^'''

Lamellce continued

^^^

^" appendage

Zmw.

Anas.

Mareca.
Type.

Steph.

Mareca

fistularis.

To

the next genus this presents an

approach in the
formation of the taU, which in some of
the species is pointed and
slightly elongated.
To the following the form of the bill
presents
an amnity.
Affinity.

GENUS
Ext. Char,

i^t^^^^s

VIII.

AIX.
non lobatis, mediis longis-

digitis posterioribus

sunis.
Tihic plumat^.
Rostrum brevius capite, baso ad apicem
angustatum. Zam^ZZce abbreviatae. iW^m
subovales, parv^. Cauda

mediocris.

Ext. Char.

Feet mth the posterior toes not lobated,

the middle
r/^A. feathered. Bill shorter than
the head, narrowed from the base to the point. Lamellae
abbreviated.

ones longest.

Nostrils

suboval, small.

Anas.
Aix.

Tail moderate.

Linn.
Boie.

QuERQUEDULA.
Dendronessa.
Type.

Aix

Brlss., Stepli.
Sii-ain.

sponsa.

Its habit of sitting

Affinity.

Certainly

and making

its

nest in trees

more nearly aUied

than any other genus of this sub-famHy.

GENUS

is curious.
to Querquedula and Mareca

IX. QUERQUEDULA.
Pedes digitis posterioribus non
lobatis.
Rostrum
latenbusparaUehbus. Zam.ZZ^pauinlum
elongatie. iVamrotundatre
mediocres.
Cauda brevis.
Lingua subobtusa, ad apicem
^
appendiculata una ordme setarum brevium,
ad apicem aliquando pene
obhterat^ supra h^ set^, in medio,
lateraHter, septem spinis instructa
Ext. Char.
Feet with the posterior toes
moderate, and not
lobated. BUI with the sides
equal.
Lamellc, sKghtly elongated.
Ao..nZ. rounded, moderate. r..7
short.
To., . rather obtuse%^th
an appendage at the tip; the
sides armed with one rank of
short
bristles towards the apex, very
short; above these bristles, in
the
middle, on each side, armed with
seven spines.

Ext. Qn^n

11
Anas.

Linn.

QuERQUEDULA.
Type.
Affinity.

any other

Rmj, BHss.

Querquedula crecca.

More

closely allied to the genera

Mareoa 2Jcidi Aix than

in the sub -family.

GENUS

X.

PETROCYANEA.

Ext. Char.
Pedes digitis posterioribus mediocribus, ct non
lobatis.
Rostrum latins ad apicem quam ad basin. Lamellce paululum
elongatae.
Naves rotundats, magnas. Cauda vix elongata. AIjp.
ptilis caernleis.

Ext.
lobated.

Char.

Feet with the posterior toes moderate,

Bill broader at the tip than at the base.

elongated.

Nostrils rounded, large.

Petrocyanea.
Anas.
.-.

Tail a

little

and not

Lamellce a

little

elongated.

Bon.

Linn.

Querquedula. Briss.
Cyanopterus no&'i^. -w^-/
Type.

Petrocyanea

Rafflesii.

The above genus

consists of that group commonly called the bluenor do we know one instance of a bird agreeing with
the character which has not bright azure -blue wings, except the
Garrjaneyj which has, however, dull slate-coloured ones.
Anas

winged

teal

Raffiesit^ King, may be considered as a good specimen of the form,

which may be always distinguished by the peculiar abrupt termination
to the upper mandible, which is bent, as it were, over the lower one,
both in front and on the sides of the apex. The Garganey comes
nearer to the common teal than the rest of the genus in external
form, but in the form of the trachea differs from it. We have never
observed a skeleton in any collection except that of the Oarganey^

which we do not consider typical.

In the form of the
Affinities.

and trachea this genus

from it in the former, not
having the lamellae so much elongated, and in the trachea being more
enlarged above the inferior larynx. From the following genus it is
approaches that of Chauliodus, but

bill

differs

very distinct in both particulars, but agrees with it in general colouring.

GENUS
Ext. Char.

XI.

SPATULA.

Pedes digitis posterioribus parvis, et non lobatis.

Tihi(B parte quarta denudatffi.

Rostrum longum, ad apicem multum

12
latisshnum.
locatae.

LamelhE elongatse. Narcii ovalcs propc culmine et baso

Lingua obtiisa ad apicem appendiculata lateraliter una ordine

setarum brevium, et supra has setus postice novem spinis instructa

et duplice ordine central! spinarum brevium ornata.
Ext. Char, Feet with the hind toe small, and not lobated. Thighs
with a fourth part naked. Bill long, much the broader at the tiji.
Nostrils oval, placed near the

an appendage at

tij)

culmen and base.

Tongue obtuse, with

furnished with one row of short bristles on the

the sides, and above these bristles, behind, with nine spines

in tho

middle above with a double row of stout spines.

Anas. Linn., Sw.
Khynchapsis. Leach's M88., Steph.
Spatula. Flem.
Type. Spatula clypeata.
This and the two following, as well as the preceding
Affinities.
genera, are very nearly connected, both in form and habit.

GENUS

XII.

MALACORHYNCHUS.

Ext. Char. Pedes digitis posterioribus parvis, et non lobatis,

paululum denudatse. llostrum longum, ad apicem multum
latissimum, et lateribus membranis fiexilibus instructis.
Lamell(B
longse.
Nares ovales, parvse, prope basin locates.
Ext. Char. Feet with the posterior toe small, and not lobated.
Thighs little denuded. Bill long, at the apex much the broadest, and
furnished on the sides with flexible membranes. Lamella long.
TihicB

Nostrils oval, small, placed near the base.

Anas Linn.
Rhynchaspis.

Leach.

Malacorhynchus.
Type.

Swcdnson.

Malacorhynchus membrinaceus.

GENUS

XIII.

CHAULELASMUS.

Ext. Char. Pedes digitis posterioribus mediocribus, et non lobatis.

Rostrum non latius ad apicem quam ad basin. Lamellce iiaululum
elongata3.
Nares ovales, magna?, vix elongatsc. Lingua obtusa, ad
apicem appendiculata, lateribus una ordme setarum brevium, supra
has setas laterater centrali parte quinque spinis, et in medio supra
duplice ordine setarum brevium instructa.

13
with the posterior toes of moderate size," and
not lobated. Bill not broader at the tip than at the base. Lamellce
Tongue obtuse, with an appendage at the tip, the sides
elongated.
furnished with a rank of short bristles above these, in the middle of

Ext, Char,

i^f^^

the sides, with five spines,

and in the middle

of the

upper surface with

a double rank of short spines.

Anas. Linn., GmeL, Lath.

Chauliodes. Swainson.
Chaulelasmus. O. R. Gray.
Type. Cliauliodus Strepera.

The elongated

Affinity.

lamellae ally this genus to the two pre-

It appears, indeed, to

ceding.

them and the

following.

GENUS
E XT.

be precisely intermediate between

Char.

XIV.

ANAS.

Pedes digitis posterioribus simplicibus, mediis longis-

Rostrum lateribus
Lingua
locatse.
obtusa, ad apiceni appendiculata, laterahter una ordine setarum
longarum et ilexilum instruct;!, supra has setas ad latera sex spinis
instructa, et in medio supra duplici ordine setarum brevium.
ExT. Char.
Feet with the posterior toes simple, the middle one
simis.

TihicB parte tertia

parallelibus.

inferiore

denudata.

Nares ovales, prope culmen ad basin

Thighs with a thu'd part naked.

longest.

Nostrils oval, placed near the

culmen

Bill with the sides parallel.

at the base.

Tongue blunt at

the point, with an appendage, the sides furnished with one rank of

long and flexible bristles above these bristles, in the middle of the
sides, furnished with six spines, and in the middle above with a
double rank of short bristles.
;

Anas.

Linn,

BoscHAS.
Type.

Swainson.

Anas Boschas.

We

have here retained the old Linnean name for this genus,
instead of that of Boschas proposed by Mr. Swainson.
In size and the form of the tongue this genus approaches
A-ffinity.
nearest to the last of any

among

GENUS
Ext. Char.
simis.

the Anatince.

XV.

CARINA.

Pedes digitis posterioribus gibbosis, mediis longis-

Tibia' plumatoe.

Rostrum equale,

et caruncula

subglobosa

14
supra nares posita.

Nares ovales, magnoe, prope culmine basi locatse.

Cajnit ad oculos denudatum.
Lingua obtusa, ad apicem appendiculata
lateraliter una ordine setarum et supra has quatuoribus spinis instructis
et in medio supra duplici ordine setarum brevium armata.
Ext. Char. Feet with the posterior toes gibbous, the middle
Thighs feathered. Bill with the sides equal, and with a
subglobose tubercle placed above.
Nostrils oval, large, placed at
the base of the bill near the cuhnen.
Head naked to the eyes.
Tongue obtuse, with an appendage at the point, the sides armed with

longest.

one row of bristles above these with four spines, and in the middle,
on the upper side, armed with a double row of short bristles.
Anas. Linn,
;

Carina. Flem.
Type. Carina moschata.

SUB FAM.
Ext. Char.

IV.

FULIGULIN^.

Rostrum ad basin altius-quam latum.

digitis posterioribus lobatis,

Pedes magni,

externis vix brevioribus intermediis.

plerumquo breves et flexiles. Alee mediocres.

Bill higher than broad at the base. Feet large,
posterior toe lobated, the outer slightly shorter than the middle one.
Tail feathers generally short and flexible.
Wings moderate.
Type. Fuligula.
Habit. Aquatic and marine, feeding on small molusca, and
Rectrices CaudtB

Ext. Char.

occasionally small fish.

power

Some

of the species possess considerable

of flight.

The sterna of some genera of this family, Clangida

Affinity.
and Harelda, are furnished with an ensiform process, as in the Mergansers,
In the former the trachea also much resembles that famUy.
To the AnatincB, as we have before stated, we believe it to be connected through the genus Micropterus and Carina.

GENUS

I.

MICROPTERUS.

Ext. Char. P<?<^es digitis posterioribus lobatis. Rostrum validnm,

rugosum. Lamella magnae. Nares in medio rostri positae. Tihice
j)lumate.

Alec breves.

Ext. Char.
wrinkled.

Feet with the posterior toes lobated.

Lamellce large.

Thighs feathered.

Wings

Bill strong,

Nostrils placed in the middle of the

short.

bill.

15
Anas. Linn.
MiCROPTERUS. King.
Type. Mleropterus Patachoniclius.

The structure of the hmd toe and

Affinity.

to the FaUyulina:

foot unites this genus

while, on the other hand, that of the trachea bears

a great resemblance to the Anatince.

GENUS

II.

MELANITTA.

Ext. Char. Pedes digitis posterioribus lobatis, et externis longissimis.

Rostrum magnum, basi elevatum. Lamelloi magnae, ad marginem continuatae. Nares ovales, magnae, in medio rostri positse.
Ext. Char. Feet with the posterior toes lobated, the outer ones
longest.

Bill large, elevated at the base.

to the margin.

Lamellce large, continued

Nostrils oval, large, placed in the middle of the

bill.

Melanitta. Boie.
Anas. Linn.
OiDEMiA.

Type.

Flem.

Melanitta fusca.

The form of the biU in some of the species of the

genus presents an affinity to the genus Somateria. In its general
form, however, and the structure of the feet, it bears a close resemAffinities.

blance to the foregoing genus.

GENUS

SOMATERIA.

III.

Ext. Char. Pedes digitis posterioribus lobatis, externis mediis

Rostrum mediocre ad basin elevatum, et ad apicem,
angustatum. Lamellce non ad apicem continuatae.
Ext. Char. Feet with the hind toes lobated, the external ones
equal to the middle. Bill moderate, with the base elevated, and narrowed towards the tip. The Lamellcs not continued to the apex.
Anas. Linn.
Somateria. Leach.
Type. Somateria mollissitna.
In the form of the inferior larynx this genus approaches
Affinity.
equalibus.

near the Anatince.

GENUS

IV.

ENICONETTA.

Ext. Char. Pedes magni, digitis posterioribus lobatis. Rostrum

ad basin elevatum, ad apicem angustatum.
Caput parvum, et
cristatum maribus.

Cauda brevis

et acuta,

Remiyes

tertice longae.

16
Bill
Feet large, with the posterior toes lohated.
Head
small,
point.
and
the
towards
elevated at the base, nan-owed
long.
Tertiaries
Tail short, sharp.
crested in the male.

Ext. Char.

Anas. Linn.
Eniconetta. O. R. Gray.

FuLiGULA. Gould.
Macropus. Nuttall.
Polysticta nobis. -i^<^'^
Type. Polysticta stelleri.
The long tertiary feathers and the form of the
Affinity.
this genus evidently point out a near affinity to Somateria.
-

GENUS

HYMENOLAIMUS.

V.

Pedes magni.

Ext. Char.

bill in

Tarsi digitis mediis sequantibus

Rostrum lateribus ad apicem latum et flexile

Nares magnae. Unguis moderata. Lamella graciles

posterioribus lobatis.

baso elevatum.
longse.

Tarsi equal with the middle toe m

Feet large.
Ext. Char.
length, hind toe lobed. Bill with the sides near the point wide and
Nail of moderate size. Lamellce
flexible, and elevated at the base.
flexible.
and
thin
Macrorhynchus. Wagl.
Hymenolaimus. G. R. Gray.

GENUS

VI.

KAMPTORHYNCHUS.

Pedes magni, digitis externis mediis sequantibus,

Rostrum lateribus ad apicem latum, et flexile.

Ext. Char.

posterioribus lobatis.

Nares magnae, ovales, prope basum locatae. Unguis magna et lata.

Ext. Char. Feet large, the outer toe equal to the middle one,
Bill broad towards the point at the sides,
posterior one lobated.
Nail large and
flexible.
Nostrils large, oval, placed near the base.
broad.

Anas.

Linn.

FuLiGULA.

Ray, Leach.

Kamptorhynchus

nobis.

-'.

Camtolaimus. G. R. Gray.
Type. Kamptorhynchus Labradora.
This genus we have formed on F. Labradora Bonap, the variety it
exhibits being amply sufficient to distinguish it from any other genus.

17

am aware

Nothing that I

of

is

kno^vn

concerning anatomical

characters, besides those mentioned in Wilson, and quoted at length

under the head Kamp. Labrador a.

GENUS
Ext. Char.

VII.

CALLICHEN.

Pedes digitis posterioribus lobatis, intermediis vix

Rostrum capite equale, prope basum

marginem continuatae. Nares
Cauda mediocris. Cajmt cristatum.

longissimis.

Tihice plumatae.

latissimum.

Lamellce validae, et ad

subovales, magnae.

Ext. Chae.

Feet with the posterior toes lobated, the middle

Thighs feathered. Bill equal to the head,

Lamellm strong, and continued to the margin.

ones scarcely the longest.

broadest at the base.
Nostrils suboval, large.

Tail moderate.

Anas. Linn,
FuLiGULA. Raij, Leach.
Glaucium, Querquedula.
Callichen. Brehm.
-^

Mergoides
Type.

We

nobis,

Head

crested.

Briss.

^i^^

Callichen rujina.

first

instituted this genus on F. rujina, after having observed

To

the trachea of that species.

this,

however, will be added the

FuUgula caryophylacea.
In having bulbs on the tube

beautiful species
Affinities.

in

general form, this

of the trachea,

and

also

presents considerable affinity to the

bii-d

Mergansers.

GENUS

VIII.

FULIGULA.

Ext. Char.

Pedes digitis posterioribus lobatis, externis inter

mediis sequantibus. Tibim plimiatse. Rostrum prope apicem latis-

simum, obtusum. LaniellcB abbreviates et non ad marginem conNares subovales, parvissimae. Cauda brevissima. Lingua
obtusa ad apicem aiDpendiculata, lateribus una ordine setarum flexilmn
instructis; in medio ad latera supra has setas quatuoribus spinis
tinuatae.

instructis.

Ext. Char.

Feet with the hind toes lobated,

scarcely equal to the middle.

the point, blunt.

margin.

Thighs feathered.

Lamellm abbreviated, and not continued

Nostrils suboval, very small.

the outer ones

Bill broadest at

Tail very short.

to the

Tongue

18
obtuse, with an appendage at the tip, and the sides furnished with

one row of

flexible bristles

in the middle with the sides above the

bristles furnished with four spines.

Anas.

Linn.

FuLiGULA. Ray, Leach.

Nyroca. Flemin;/.

Glaucium, Querquedula.
Type. Fuligida Manila.
Affinities.

To

Briss.

the following genus this bears a near affinity in the

external form and that of the trachea and skeleton, as well as to the
foregoing.

GENUS.

IX.

NYROCA.

Ext. Char.

Pedes digitis posterioribus lobatis, externis mediis

vix ^quantibus.
Tibia plumatse.
Rostrum brevius capite, prope
apicemlatissimum, obtusum. Lamellcs abbreviatas, et non ad marginem

Nares subovales, parvas. Cauda brevis. Lingua obtusa,

ad apicem appendiculata, lateribus una et in medio duplici ordine
setarum flexilum instructis, ad latera supra has setas quinque spinis
continuatse.

instructis.

ExT. Char.

Feet with the posterior toes lobated, the outer ones

scarcely equal to the middle.

Tihi(B feathered.

the head, broadest near the point, obtuse.

not continued to the margin.

Bill shorter than

LamellcB abbreviated, and

Nostrils suboval,

small.

Tail short.

Tongue obtuse, with an appendage at the point the sides with one,
and the middle with a double rank of flexible bristles above these
;

bristles, on the sides, armed with five strong spines.

Anas. Linn.
Nyroca. Flem.
Type. Nyroca leucopthalmus.
Dr. Fleming included the Scaup, Tufted Duck, and Pochards in
his genus Nyroca.
It is, however, now restricted to the Pochards
which want the crested head.
This genus, as before stated, presents an affinity to
Affinities.
the last in general form, and also in that of the inferior larynx.

GENUS
ExT. Char.
vix sequantibus.

X.

HARELDA.

Pedes digitis posterioribus lobatis, externis mediis

Tihice plumatse.
Rostrum mediocre, base ad apicem

19
angustatum.

LamellcB extremo parte omnino obliteratae.

lineares, versus

media

Ext. Char.

rostri positse.

Nares

Cauda maribus elongata.

Feet with the posterior toes lobated, the outer one

Thighs feathered. Bill moderate,

Lamella altogether obliterated

scarcely equal to the middle.

narrowed from the base to the apex.

at the points.

Nostrils Unear, situated about the middle of the

bill.

Tail, in the male, elongated.

Harelda.
Anas.

Ray, Leach.

Linn.

QUERQUEDULA. BHsS.
Clangula. Flem.
Type. Harelda Olacialis.

GENUS
Ext. Char.

CLANGULA.

XI.

Pedes digitis posterioribus lobatis, externis mediis

Rostrum parvum, capite bre^dus,

Nares ovales, medium versus rostri
positae.
Lamellce ad apicem pene obKteratse.
Cauda rectricibus
rigidis, sed ad apicem flexilibus.
Lingua obtusa, ad apicem appendiculatae, lateribus ordine uno setarum flexilum instructis.
Tibics plumosae.

vix aequantibus.

a basi ad apicem angustatum.

ExT. Char.

Feet with

tlie

scarcely equal to the middle.

posterior toes lobated, the outer ones

Tihice feathered.

Bill small, shorter

than the head, narrowed from the base to the point. Nostrils oval,
placed towards the middle of the biU. Lamellce obliterated at the
Tail with the quills stiff, but flexible at the points.
Tongue
top.
with
obtuse,
an appendage at the point, the sides garnished with one

row

of flexible bristles.

Anas. Pars., Linn.

Clangula. Leach, Flem.

QUERQUEDULA.
Type.

BrisS.

Clangula vulgaris.

SUB FAM.
ExT. Char.

V.

ERISMATURIN^.

Rostrum ad basin altius-quam latimi.

Pedes magni,

digitis posterioribus lobatis, externis et intermediis inter se sequalibus.

Rectrices Caudce longae et validae.

Ext. Char.

Alee breves.

Bill higher than broad.

lobated, the outer toe equal to the middle.

Feet large, posterior toes

Tailfeatliers,

long and

stif^'

;;

20
Anat, Char. Unknown.
Type. Erismatura.
Habit. Like the last, truly aquatic.

GENUS
Ext. Char.

Pedes digitis posterioribus lobatis, externis inter-

mediis vix {squantibus.

lateribus jjarallelibus
ovales, in

medio

THALASSOKNIS.

I.

rostri

Rostrum validum, latum

ungue magna armatum.
Nares parvas,
culminem versus positae. Cauda rotundata,
Tihice plumosae.

et

rectricibus brevibus et subrigidis instructa.

Alee breves, remigibus

ad apices incurvatis.

Ext. Char.

Feet with the posterior toes lobated, the outer ones

scarcely equal to the middle.

Bill strong, broad

Tliiyhs feathered.

the sides parallel, and armed with a large nail.

placed in the middle of the

bill

Nostrils small, oval,

towards the cubnen.

furnished with short and slightly rigid feathers.

Tail rounded,

Wings

short, with

the quills incui'ved at the apex.

Thalassornis nobis.
Type. TliaJassornis

k-^-

leueonotifs.

GENUS
Ext. Char.

'

^it^.'-

II.

BIZIURA.

Pedes digitis posterioribus lobatis, externis inter

mediis sequantibus.

Rostrum validum, latum, ad

Tibice plumosag.

apicem angustatum,
Mandibidcs ambae imguiculatae, inferior in
maribus palea magna pendente instructa. Nares rotundatae, in medio
rostri, culminem versus positJB.
Cauda rotundata, rectricibus rigidis
Alee remigibus, ad apices incurvatis.
et acutis instructa.
ExT. Char. Feet with the posterior toes lobated, the external
ones equal to the middle.

27? /.^As

feathered.

Bill strong, broad,

Both mandibles furnished with nails

the males, with a large hanging wattle. Nostrils

narrowed towards the apex.

the inferior one, in

rounded, placed in the middle of the

rounded, furnished with

stiff

bill

and acute

towards the cubnen.

quills.

Tail

Wings with the quiUs

at the points incurved.

BiziURA.

Type.

Steph., Leach.

Biziura lobata.

Mons. Temminck included this genus, together with all the other
aquatic ducks, in one large genus Hydrobates,
The name of Biziura

21
was first given to it, according to Stephens, in Shaw's Zoology, byLeach, in his MSS., and was afterwards published by Mr. Stephens
in the above work.

GENUS

in.

ERISMATURA.

Pedes digitis posterioribus lobatis, extends mediis

Ext. Char.

Tihm

Rostrum vaUdum, aut mediocre,

Nares ovales,
Cauda rotundata,
parvae, in medio rostri versus culminem positae.
Alee remigibus paululum incurvatis.
rectricibus rigidis.
Ext. Char. Feet with the posterior toes lobated, the outer one
vix aequantibus.

plumatae.

prope apicem latissimmn.

Mandihulce unguiculatse.

scarcely equal to the inner.

broadest near the

tip.

Thighs feathered.

Mandibles furnished with

nails.

Bill

moderate,

Nostrils oval,

small, placed in the middle of the bill towards the culmen.

rounded, with the quills

stiff.

Wings with the

Tail

quills a little incurved.

Anas. Linn.
OxYURA. BofiajJ,
Erismatura. Bonap.
Undina. Goidd.

Gymnura.

Nuttall.

Type.

Erismatura rubida.
The genus Oxyura was first instituted by the Prince of Musignano,
for the reception of Anas rubida, Wils.
Mr. Gorier having overlooked it, formed his genus Undina, or Anas Leucocephala, Linn., a
bird of the same conformation.
Mr. Nuttall having discovered that
the name of Oxyura had been before used for a genus of creepers,
substituted that of Gymnura for it.
The Prince of Musignano had,
however, in the ajDpendix to the same work in which he named the
genus Oxyura, also called it Erismatura, which name will stand, that
of

Oxyura having been before employed

SUB FAM.
Ext.

tum

Char.

VI.

for another genus.

MERGINiE.

Rostrum mediocre, ad apicem angustatum acumina-

et dentibus ad latera instructum.

Digiti posteriores lobati.
Ext. Char. Bill moderate, narrowed to the point, acuminate,
and at the sides armed with teeth. Posterior Toes lobated.
Type. Mergus.

22
Affinities.

Having, under the head LmnelUrostres, stated some of

the affinities which exist between the family generally and others,

we have merely, under the head sub-families, stated those which hold
between each contained in the above family. In both external and
internal character the strongest relation exists between the above

and that of FuUgulince, the genera Clangida and Harelda in particular,

both of which possess the ensiform process on the posterior margin
of the sternum, and the latter a bulb on the tube of the trachea,
formed by enlarged

The genus Callichen possesses two bulbs,

but the skeleton does not approach so nearly as that of the two
genera before mentioned. To the Erlsmaturince we suspect the
affinity is not so gi-eat, certainly not so far as relates to external
character, although

rings.

we have placed them contiguous, there being

evidently a double point of affinity to the Divers.

Habit.

The

habit of this sub-family is truly aquatic,

its

length

of body, and legs being placed far backwards, give the birds con-

tained in
small

it

great power of diving.

Its food consists principally of

fish.

GENUS
Ext. Char.

I.

MERGUS.

Pedes digitis posterioribus lobatis, mediis vix longis-

Rostrum a baso ad aj)icem angustatum,

lateribus serratis, aj)ice unguiculato.
Nares subovales, mediocres,
versus medium rostri positae. Lingua acuminata, lateribus ordine
simis.

Tibice plumatse.

uno, parte centrali dupHci ordine setarum refiexarum instructa.

Ext. Char.

Feet with the posterior toes lobated, the middle

ones scarcely the longest.

Thighs feathered.

the base to the point, the apex with a

placed towards the middle of the

nail.

bill.

Mr. Stephens, in

vol.

narrowed from

Tongue pointed, the sides

armed with one and the middle with two rows

Mergus. Ray^ Linn., Gmel., Briss.
Merganser. Briss.
Type. Mergus serrator.
genus, separating from

Bill

Nostrils oval, moderate,

of bristles.

XII. p. 156, of Shaw's Zoology, divides this

it the Smew (Mergus alhellus), and placing

the other Mergansers under the genus Mergafiser, Briss.

We
head

have spoken before of the

of the sub-family Mergince.

affinities of this

genus under the

23

GENUS

MERGANETTA.

II.

Ext. Char. Pedes digitis posterioribus lobatis, mediis longisRostrum a baso ad apicem angustatum apices vix unguiculata.
Nares ovales, parva3, versus medium rostri positse.
Ext. Char. Feet with the hind toe lobated, the middle toe
longest.
Bill tapering to the end, which is slightly unguiculated.
Tail feathers long,
Nostrils small, placed in the middle of the bill.
and stiff.
Merganetta. Gould.
Type. Merganetta armata.
siinis.

SYNOPSIS SPECIERUM.

ANSERANAS SEMIPALMATUS.
Alls.

Capite colloque nigro, dorso superiore albo.

semipalmated goose.

Ans. with the head and neck black, the upper part of the back
white.
FT. IN.

Length...

Bill

Ans.

Tarsi

Middle

toe

with the upper part of the back, rump, and below, with

the exception of the

black

IN.

white

tibise,

legs and bill orange

the remainder and the

tibiae

glossy

the nail of the latter horn-colour.

Anseranas semijjalmatus Less.

Anas semipalmata
Linn. Trans, iv. 103.
Lath. Ind. Orn. Apj). 69.
Semipalmated Ooose ... Lath. Oen. 8yn. Sup. 2, 347.
Anas melanoleuca
Lath. Ind. Orn. App. 69.
Trachea
Linn. Trans. vol.xY.p. 383,

pi.

xiii, xiv.

Inhabits

New

Holland, and utters a shrill whistling note.

Mr. YarreU, in

vol. 15, p. 383,

peculiarities of this bird.

gives the following anatomical

The trachea "was

situated on the outside

of the left pectoral muscle,

under the sldn, sufficiently raised under

the wing that respiration would not be impeded when the bird rested
-^vith its

breast on the gi-ound, the parallel tubes being firmly attached

24
both to the muscle and the skin by cellular tissue.
the right side of the bird

is

The

on
on the

clavicle

of the usual character, but that

both shorter and wider, having an aperture about the middle,

left is

the sides diverging, with a projecting point on the inner side, to

which the tube of the trachea

above the bone of divarication.

is

firmly attached about two inches

The

trachea lying on the left side

of the bird, the lower portion of the tube, in its passage to the lungs,

crosses the left branch of the furcula at a right angle, but

becoming

attached to this projection of the clavicle, receives from the point

described its centrical direction into the body. The whole length of

the windpipe in this bird

by Mr.

dissected

is

Yarrell,

four feet eight inches."

In a young bird

the trachea was not nearly so

much

convoluted.

PLECTROPTERUS RUPPELII.
Plec. subtus brunneocatro

alis albis.

RUPELL'S GOOSE.
Plec. bronze-black below, and wings white.
FT. IN.

Length...

Plec.

glossy-bronze, black

belly white

bill dark,

IN.

IN.

Metatarsi...
;

4^

Middle

toe...

3f

anterior portion of the wings and

red legs, and feet lighter.

Selater Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860,
p. 42.

Plectropterus ruppelii

Gambensis Rup.

From

Central Africa.

PLECTROPTERUS GAMBENSIS.
Plec.

Ater

subtus albus.

GAMBA GOOSE.
Plec. black ; below white.
IN.

IN.

Length... 39^

Plec.

Nahed part of

the hill... 5

IN.

Tarsi... 5

smaller wing coverts, belly, neck, and thighs white

remainder deep purplish black

the

spur on the wing of the male one

25
male with a large knob on the culmen,

inch long;

at the

base

of thebiU.

Female smaller than the male, and with the Imob

at the

culmen

of the bill smaller.

Shaw

Zool. 12. 7.

Plectropterus Oamhensis

Stepli.

Anas Gambenses

Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. 195.

Omel. Syst. Nat. 1. 503.
Lath. Lid. Orn. 1. 839.

..

Shaw, Mus. Sev.pl. p. 231,

An

African species, inhabiting the Gamba.

CEREOPSIS NOVA HOLLANDI^.

Ger.

Cinerius tectricibus alarum atribus maculis ornatis.

NEW HOLLAND

CEREOPSIS.

Cer. blue-grey, spotted on the wing coverts with black.

IN.

IN.

Length

84

Tarsi

Middle

toe

8i

32?f

Outer

Hind

1^

toe

Cer. blueish grey, with the tail, under and upper tail coverts,
and a few spots on the scapulars black bill black cere covering
the nostrils greenish yellow; webs scolloped, as in the Sandwich
Island goose nostrils large and round legs orange feet black.
:

Cereopsis Novcs Hollandice... Lath. Ind. Orn. Sup. 67.

Griseiis
Vieill.2 edit. Die. Hist. Nat.

Anser

Cereopsis cendree

23338.
Temm. PI. col.

Now

206.

found in most of our large museums has also been brought

over alive. Appears to dread the water, and feed chiefly on gi'ass
Inhabits

New

Holland.

CHLOEPHAGA CAN N AGIO A.

Ohio.

Grisea atro undulato.

Chlo. slaty grey, undulated with black.

26
IN.

Chlo.

IN.

26

Length...

slaty grey

IN.

Middle

Metatarsus...

2^

the edges of

the feathers lighter, anterior

toe...

2|-

on each feather, is a band of black, giving an undulated

head, back of the neck, and under tail coverts white.

to which,

a2)pearance

Camiagica Sewart, Nov.,

act. pelrop. 13, p. 346,

t.

Inhabits the

10.

In the British Museum.

Aleutian Islands.

Ghloephaga Cannagica... Seivast, N. A.pelrpp., p. 846.

GHLOEPHAGA RUBINICEPS.
Ohio.

Poliocephala

Chlo.

similis.

Like C. Poliocephala, but

lighter.

FT. IN.

Length...

Very similar

IN.

IN.

Metatarsus...

Middle

to C. Poliocephala, but lighter coloured,

toe

...

and having the

belly entirely rufous.

Ghloephaga Ruhiniceps

Sclater,

Inhabits the Falkland Islands.

GHLOEPHAGA SANDVICENSIS.
Chlo.

Brunnea, vertice, genis, colloque parte posteriore,

atris.

SANDWICH ISLAND GOOSE.

Chlo. brown, with the crown, cheeks, and
the neck black.

Middle

23

Bill

Tarsi

3|

Hind

toe

down the back

IN.

IN.

Length

line

Outer
Inner

toe

3^
2.|

2f

of

27
Chlo. crown, cheeks, quills, and a line down the back of the neck
remainder of the neck bright brownish grey quills, tail, and
upper tail coverts white remainder ashy grey, darker on the back, with
each feather tipped with brown or grey ring round the neck brown
wings black, the edges of the feathers lighter legs, feet, and bill
black webs deeply scolloped.
:

black

Bernicla Sandvicensis

Vig.

ZooL Pro.

May

27, 1834.

Inhabits the Sandwich Islands.

An

interesting account of the habits of this bird, while confined

Lord Derby's menagerie, by that nobleman, will be found in the

Zoological Proceedings as above quoted, when he states they laid
four eggs of a white colour, and large in proportion to the size of
the bird, two of which were hatched, and one reared since which time
also another hatch has been reared by the Zoological Society.
in

CHLOEPHAGA INORNATA.
Chlo.

Albus atro strigato capite cinereo.

Chlo. white, barred with black

IN.

Length...

head grey.

IN.

22

12^

Bill...

IN.

Metatarsus,..

2i

Chlo.
head and neck grey speculum and wing coverts white,
remainder of the wings grey back, tail, and quills black upper part
of back and lower parts more or less broadly barred with black and
whitish grey bill and feet reddish.
:

Ghloephaga Inornata
Anser

By ton
Ki7ig Pro.Zool. Soc.lSSO-Sl,
p. 15.

Inhabits the Straits of Magellan.

CHLOEPHAGA MAGELLANICA.
Ohio.

Mas.

Albus,

dorso atro transversum strigato

pedibus, tarsisque nigris.

rostro,

28
Ohio. Fern.

canescente

Ferruginea

tarsis rubris

subtus albus atro stvigato

pedibus nigris.

colioque

UPLAND MAGELLANIC GOOSE.

Chlo. Mas. with the back transversely barred with black the
and legs black.
Chlo. Fern, ferruginous below white, barred with black neck
hoary legs red the feet black.
;

bill, feet,

IN.

Male:

Length

IN.

Inner

26

Bill

1^

Middle

1|
2^

Tarsi

Outer toe

2J

toe

Male
Head, neck, and back white, the two latter barred with
wing coverts and secondaries white tertiaries and bastard
wings blue -black, tipped with white
bill and legs black
the latter
:

black

approaching to orange in the female, black in the male.

IN.

IN.

Fern.:

Length

25

Middle

2|

toe

Bill

6|

Outer

Tarsi

1^

Inner

If

Fern.

lower part of the neck, upper part of the back, and

head and neck grey or

breast light ferruginous, barred with black

hoary brown quills, tail, upper tail coverts, and lower part of the
back black, glossed with green inflections tertiaries long, grey
secondaries white, behind which is a bar of black wing-spot (formed
by the secondary coverts) metallic green wing coverts, belly, and
;

vent white

flanks white, barred with black

bill

black

legs orange,

with the inside black.

Young

the young birds of both sexes have the head and u]3per

part of the neck brownish ash

below, grejdsh white, lineated with

upper part of the back grey, barred with black rump
and scapulars deep ash thighs white, barred with light bro^^^l vent
brownish black ; middle of the belly and wing coverts white bill as

dark brown

in the adults

legs greenish black.

..

29
Less. Traite cV Orn 627
Gmel. Syst. 1. 505.

Bernicla leucoptera

Anas

Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 835.

Steph. 8h. Zool. 12. 58.
Omel. Syst. Nat. 1 505
Anas Magellanica
Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 836.
Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 61.
Bernicla
Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 836.
Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 60.
Bernicla
White-ivinged Antarctic Goose Brown. Illust. Zool. pi. 40.
Lath. Syn. 6. 440.
Bastard Ooose
Lath. Syn. 6. 443.
MagellaniccB Goose
Lath. Syn. 6. 443.
Painted Goose
Oie des iles Malouines
Buff. Ois. ix. 69.
Less. Traite Orn. 627.
L^Oie des terres Magellaniques Buff. Ois. ix. p. 58, j?;Z. En.
1006.
Bernicla

southern extremity of America and the Falkland Isles

found generally in flights, according to Lesson; though we are

Inhabits

tlie

informed by Charles Darwin,

Esc^., that it is

generally found in pairs.

CHLOEPHAGA DISPAR.
Ohio.

Albus atro

strigato.

Chlo. white, barred with black.

IN.

Length

31^
1^

Bill

Ghloephaga dispar

Chlo.

IN.

Tarsi

Middle

,,..

Phillipi

white, transversely barred with black

tail

head, and wing coverts white.

Inhabits Chili.

CHLOEPHAGA POLIOCEPHALA.
Chlo.

3|
3

toe

Brunnea pectore fascia alba.

Chlo. chestnut, with a white band across the breast.

coverts,

30
IN.

IN.

Length

27
lA

Bill

Chlo.

Metatarsi

2^

Middle

3^

toe

head and ui)per part of neck grey

lower part of the

neck, upper part of the back, and breast ferruginous, each feather

being barred with dark brown

lower part of thighs

anterior part of wing and coverts,

and band across the breast white flank light
;

ferruginous, barred with black

ruginous

abdomen

the centre part of

lower part of back and

tail

glossy black

fer-

legs orange

black.

bill

Ghloephaga Poliocephala
Magellanicus

Gray.
Wolff

''s

Illustrations.

BERNICLA CYANOPTERA.
Ber.

Brunnea

Ber. dusky

cyanopteris.

alis

with wing coverts blue.

bro-v\Ti,

IN.

23

Length
Bill

Ber.

If

dusky brown

a mottled appearance

blue

tail

IN.

Metatarsa

2J
2^

MiddUtoe

the edges of the feathers lighter, giving

head and neck light brown

it

wing coverts

coverts white.

Bernicla Cyanoptera

Rupp. Atlas

taff.

47.

Hab. Shoa, Abyssinia.

BERNICLA ANTARCTICA.

Albus, remigibus primariis aplcibus

Ber. Fern. Nigra, dorso subtusque albo transversim

Ber. Mas.
occipite

brunneo

nigris.

strigato

rostro aurantiaco.

ANTARCTIC GOOSE.
Ber. Mas. white, with the ends of the primary

quills black.

81
Ber. Fern, black, with the back and beneath transversely striped
with white

the occiput brown

the

bill

orange.

IN.

Male:

Length

25

Bill

IN.

Tarsi

2|

1 7-12ths.

Entu-ely white except the apical half of the primaries, which are
Legs orange bill (in the preserved specimens we have

ashy black.

seen black) with an orange patch over the nostrils

it is

but Azara says

orange.

IN.

Fem.

Length

26

IN.

Inner

toe

Bill

\\

Middle

Tarsi

2^

Outer

Neck, breast, and belly black, barred with white, the bars minute
back part of the head umber brown scapulars and

towards the head

smaller wing coverts

and secondaries white tertiaries blue-green tail, lower part of the
back, under tail coverts, and thighs white bill and legs orange toes
and webs black in dried specimens.

primaries very dark-brown, sometimes black

;

Anas Antarctica
Bernicla
Anser candidus

Gmel. Sgst. 1. 505.

Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 835.
,

8h. Zool. 12. 59.

Nouv Diet. Hist.
Nat. 23. 331.
En Method, 3. 351.
Stejih. Sh. Zool. 12. 38.
Ste^ph.

Vieill.

Oanso Blanco

Azara Par ax

Die anarctque, fem

Antarctic Ooose

guay, 3. 406.
Voy. de la Coquille, pi. 50.
Lath. Gen. 8yn. 6. 442.

The male
Azara.

del

Para-

of this species appears to have been first discovered

by

good plate of the female will be found in the " Voyage de

la Coquille."

It inhabits

South America and the adjoining

islands,

frequenting the sea coast and the lowlands adjoining, from whence
it

is

by Mr. Darwin, in his amusing Journal, the Lowland

For the trachea, from which our figure is taken, we ai'e

called

Goose.

32
indebted to the above-named

Mend.

The bulb of

the inferior larynx

not flattened above as in the last bird, but altogether bears confrom which latter,
it and the wading ducks
by the rings
distinguished
be
it
may
other
geese,
all
in common with
form
of the tube,
the
by
of the trachea being more massive, and also
which is always contracted towards the inferior larynx while in the
is

siderable resemblance to

always expands in that part.

The flesh is not good food. Sldns of both sexes were in the
Museum of the Zoological Society, brought home by Capt. King.

wading ducks

it

BERNICLA E.UFICOLLIS.
Ber.

Vertice colloque posteriore

atris

genis rufis.

RED-NECKED GOOSE.
Bee. with the crown and neck posteriorly black
Length

the cheeks red.

21 inches.

crown, forehead, and back of the neck and throat black

Ber.
on the cheek a patch of brown margined by a line of white, which
afterwards passes down the neck and breast, beyond which is a bar
abdomen, vent, upper and
of white beUy, wings, and tail black
under tail coverts white wing coverts margined with white bill and
:

legs fuscous.

Anser

ruficollis

Anas rujicollis
Anas torquata
Bernicla ruficollis
Red-hreasted goose

A few

Pall.

S_pic. 6. 12.

Gmel. Syst.
Omel. Syst.

511.
514.
Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 53.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 4. 511.
Lath. Syst. 6. 455.
1.

1.

specimens have at different times been killed in the British

and is said to retire to

Temminck
breed.
informs us that
Frozen
Ocean
to
Siberia and the
it is in abundance near the rivers Ob and Lena during the breeding
Isles.

It is a native of the arctic region,

season.

or habits.

Nothing, however, appears to be known of

its

nidification

33

BERNICLA BRENTA.
Ber.

Cinerea, capite colloque

nigi'o

hoc lateribus albo maculatis.

BRENT BERNICLE.
Ber. cinereous, with the head and neck black ; the

on the

latter

sides with a white patch.

IN.

Length

IN.

29

Bill

Tarsi

Middle

1 2-5ths.

2 2-5ths.
2

toe

Ber. head, neck, and breast black ; on each side of the neck a
patch of white ; back and wing coverts brown, with the edges of the
feathers paler ; below dirty white, with a yellow tinge
the margin
of the feathers pure white ; back and upper tail coverts black
neck
and bill black.
:

Bernicla Brenta

Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 46.

Linn. Syst. 1. 198.
Gmel. Syst. 1. 513.
Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 844.
Penn, Arct. Zool. 2 N. 478.

Anas Bernicla

Brent Goose
Le Cravant

Buff. Ois. 9. pi. 87.

Inhabits the same countries with B. Leucopsis ;

grass and sea-weed in morasses

it

nest

its

is

made

of

lays ten or twelve eggs, perfectly

white.

Like

its

congeners,

it

is easily

The trachea and

domesticated.

inferior larynx is that of the typical geese, but slightly

below the

expanded

glottis.

BERNICLA LEUCOPSIS.
Ber.

Cinerea, capite colloque atro

facie alba.

COMMON BERNICLE.
Ber. cinereous, with the head and neck black
IN.

Length
Bill

25
li

the face white.

IN.

Tarsi

Middle

toe

2^
2i

;;

34
Ber.

cheeks, forehead, and throat white

crown, neck, and

;
above blue grey, with the margins of the feathers
lighter, within which there is a line of black tail and quills black
:

breast black;

tail

coverts and the under surface white

the flanks with some dark

bars of gi*ey.

Anser Leucojjsis

Becks. Nat. Deut. 4. 921.

Temm. Man. 2. 828.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2 iV. 479.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 466.
Buff. Ois. 9. 9. 3./. 5.

Anas LeuGopsis
Bernicle

Le Bernache..

An

..,

most

arctic species, and, like

visitant in these islands

its nidification,

it

The trachea is like

is easily

of its genus, is only a winter

domesticated.

Little is

known

of

having only once or twice bred in confinement.

that of B. Brenta, but of rather smaller diameter.

BERNICLA JUBATA.

Capite
Fem. Capite

Ber. Mas.

atro alboque maculato

Ber.

coUoque brunneis
abdomine atro.

cristato,
;

colloque

cinereo-brunneo et albo maculato

brunneis
;

abdomine

albo

corpore cinereo,
sparsis;

corpore

albo.

HAWKSBURY BERNICLE.
Ber. Male, with the head crested, together with the neck brown
body cinereous, spotted Avith black and white abdomen black.
Ber. Fem., with the head and neck brown, blotched with white
body cinereous, spotted with brown and white abdomen white.
;

IN.

Length
Bill

Male

IN.

23
1 l-6th.

Tarsi

Middletoe

2 l-6th.

with the head and upper part of the neck umber brown

much elongated and darker upper part

and lower part of the neck, cinereous, in
each feather having on its lateral edges a spot of black,

the feathers on the occiput

of the back,

the latter

wing

coverts,

and being tipped with white lower part of the back, tail, abdomen,
and belly (in the centre) black quills brown tertiaries long, the
;

largest cinereous, the smaller ones with the outer webs black, with

35
metallic green

reflections
wing-spot metallic green, bordered
with a band of white, then with one of black, posteriorly
with one of white; flanks white, beautifully barred and irrorated
;

ajiteriorly

with narrow lines of black

Fem.

bill

and legs black.

head and neck as in the

rather smaller than the male

male, but spotted anteriorly with small white specks

passes from the

bill

a whitish line

below the eye, and another above

it

breast and

flanks white, each feather having a transverse bar of brown, narrowest

in the centre,
tail

and expanding

which

of the bill,

is

at the edges

abdomen and vent white

remainder as in the male, with the exception

horn colour.

coverts cinereous

Bernicla Juhata

Steph.

Ana'^ Juhata
Haivksbury Bernicle

Lath. Ind. Orn. App. 69.

Lath. Syn. Sup. 2. 358.

SJi.

Inhabits

New

river

said occasionally to perch in trees.

is

Zool. 12. 63.

South Wales, in the neighbourhood of the Hawksbury

NETTAPUS MADAGASCARIENSIS.
Ber.

Dorso colloque macula

viridi

subtus albus.

MADAGASCAR BERNICLE.
Bee. with the back and neck with a patch of green

14f

Bill...

below white.

IN.

IN.

IN.

Length...

Middle

toe...

7-12ths.

Male occiput, with a stripe down the back of the neck scapulars
and rump green, with purplish inflections quills and primary coverts
sooty black, the latter edged with white upper part of the breast,
tail coverts, and flanks reddish yellow
lower part of the breast,
beUy, forehead, chin, cheeks, and front of the neck white a light
green ovate patch on each side of the neck, with a black edge irrorated
with white under tail coverts black; bill gamboge yellow; nail, legs,
and feet black.
Fem. as in the male, but without the green marking on the neck,
instead of which it is grey; the forehead is also grey; in other
:

respects similar.

36
Netta}ms Madagascar tens is

...

Anas Madafjascariensis

Oniel. Sys. Nat. 1. 522.

Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 875.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 556.
Buff. PL Enl. 770.

Miulagascar Teal
Sareelle de

Brandt.

Madagascar

Specimens are in tlie British Museum, and in

Mr. Leadbeater also possesses two
most beautiful specimens. We have also been so fortunate as to
obtain a specimen of the female.

Inhabits Madagascar.

that of the Zoological Society.

NETTAPUS COROMANDELIANUS.
Ber.

Vertice,

alis,

dorso, caudaque, teneis-fuscis

colloque striis

nigricantibus strigato.

COROMANDEL BERNICLE.
Ber. with the crown, wings, back, and

tail

brassy brown

neck

streaked with black.

IN.

loi

Length

IN.

Bill

IN.

Tarsi

Bee. crow^n black or brassy brown the remainder of the head

and neck white a bar of metallic green across the breast wings
and body brown or black, glossed "vvith gi'een beneath white, with
;

the lateral under-tail coverts ferruginous

legs black

bill lead-

coloured.

The female

differs from the male, in the markings being less disand being slightly smaller.
Both sexes have occasionally the basal half of the quills white.

tinct,

Nettapus
Anas Coromandeliana
Bernicla Coromandeliana
Gorouiandel Teal
Sareelle de Goromandel
Bernicla Girra

Brandt.
Omel. Syst. Nat. 1. 522.
Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 875.
...

Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 56.

Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 556.
Biif. PL Unl. 9^9-950.
Gray. Ind. Zool.

Is found in Goromandel, Australia,

Museum

of the Zoological Society,

and India. Si)ecimens are in the

and in the British Museum.

37
This bird, which is included iii Col. Sykes's catalogue of bii-ds,
found in the Deccan, contained in the " Proceedings of the Zoological
Society," is said by that gentleman to be "monogamous vegetable
matter and gravel were found in the stomach. These birds, when
wounded, dive, and on returning to the surface show only the bill
It is called the
above water, keeping the body below at pleasure."
" Cotton Teal " by the Europeans of the Deccan, from the quantity
:

of white in the plumage.

NETTAPUS PULCHELLUS.
Net.

Coromandeliano similis sed

collaris atro absit.

Net. similar to Coromandelianus, but without the black

IN.

Length

IN.

15

Bill

collar.

Metatarsi

Middle

If

toe

Black, and a band round the upper part of the neck cinereous

below white flanks and upper part of the neck, with each feather
marked with a somewhat V-shaped bar ; legs slaty ; bill black.
;

Gould. Birds of Aust.

Nettapus Pulcliellus
Inhabits Western Australia.

ANSER INDICUS.
Ans.

Cmereous

capite albo

fascia lunata occipitali brunnea.

BAR-HEADED GOOSE.
Cinereous goose;

mth

the head white; a lunate fascia on the

occiput brown.
IN.

IN.

Length
Bill

27

Tarsi

1|

Light grey goose, with the head and neck white a brown lunule
on the occijDut, and an ii*regular fascia a little below it, from which
extends down the back of the neck a broad streak, both of the same
;

88
colour as the lunule
a space of white

brown grey, having

and the brown at the

anterior part of the neck

down each

between

side

it

back centre tail feathers and quills brown lateral tail feathers,
upper and under tail coverts, and under surface yellowish white
a brown patch undulated with grey on each side above the thighs
bill and legs orange.
;

Anser Indica

Sh. Zool. 12. 36.

2. 839.
Lath. Gen. Syn. Sujy. 277.
Gould, Cent. Birds.
jSteph.

Anas Indica

Lath Ind. Orn.

Bar-lieaded Goose
Anser Indica

Found

in

most parts

of India during the winter months.

ANSER BRACHYRHYNCHUS.
Anser.

Rostro brevi.
PINK-FOOTED GOOSE.

Goose with a short

bUl.
IN.

IN.

28

Length

Bill

If

than the head, narrow, much contracted towards the

nail and the space from the nostrils to the base black, intertip
mediate space pink irides dark brown head and neck dark ashy
brown, lighter towards the lower part wing coverts and tertiaries
brownish gi*ey, edged with white wing feathers dark grey, shafts
Bill shorter

white

below, sides, and

thighs grey.

Anser Brachyrhynchus
Phmnicopus

Bacllon.
Bartlet, Pro. Zool. Sac. 1839.
2). 3.

Has been
retii-e

killed several times in the British Isles.

to the north of

Europe

Is supposed to

for breeding.

ANSER ERYTHROPUS.
jifis.

Cinereus

macula alba basum

rostri cingente.

39

LAUGHING GOOSE.
Cinereous goose; with a white patch surrounding the base of
the biU.
IN.

Length

Tarsi

Middle

Bill

Head, neck,

IN.

27

chest, breast,

2|
toe

2f

and belly gi*ey brown, the

latter

marked

with irregular patches and bars of black; back brown, with each
feather margined with lighter;

quills dark hoary brown; vent,

abodmen, and uj)per tail coverts white tail grey brown, tipped with
white the two outer tail feathers entirely white a white patch on
;

each side the base of the bUl.

Anser Erythropus

Flem. Brit. An. 121,

Linn. 8yst. 1. 197.
Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 25.
Edw. Ole. pl.\h%.
Penn. Brit. Zool. 2. 575.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 476.
Lath. Syn. 6. 463.

Anas
Anser albifrons
Lauglihig Ooose
White-fronted Ooose

UOierieuse

Buff. Ots. 9. 81.

A regular winter resident

in the British Islands,

and

is

found in

the northern portion of the continents of Europe, Asia, and America.

Specimens are in our collection, received from the Himalayan range

and from within the

arctic circle.

Dr. Eichardson, in the

"Fauna

Boreali Americana," informs us that its breeding places are in the

woody

districts skirting the

Mackenzie, to the north of 67 parallel.

ANSER SEGETUM.
Ans.

Cinereus

rostro nigro, fascia flava ad apicem.

BEAN GOOSE.
Cinereous goose

the

bill black,

with a yellow fascia towards the

tip.

IN.

Length

30

IN.

Tarsi

3^

40
Head and neck, back, wings, tail, breast, abdomen, and flank grey
brown, each featlier edged with lighter, and sometimes with white
vent, under tail coverts, and rimip white bill black, with a band of
yellow (in some specimens strongly tinged with pink) surrounding
both mandibles near the extremity.
;

Anser segetum

Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 27.

Gmel. Syst. 1. 512.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 843.

Anas segetum

ANSER
Anser.

Pennis

White goose

atris, rostro rubido.

with black quills

ROSSII.

bill red.

IN.

Length

22
11

Bill

IN.

Metatarsus

2f

Middle

Precisely similar to Hyperboreus, but

Anser Rossii
In the British
America.

toe

much

smaller.

Baird.

Museum

was obtained from California and North

Besides the above, there is a mounted bird in the Derby Museum,

with white quill feathers, but in other respects similar to Hyperboreus.

ANSER HYPERBOREUS.
Anser.

Albus pennis

atris.

SNOW GOOSE.
Wliite goose

with the quills black.

IN.

Length

31^

IN.

BUI

2^

IN.

Tarsi

White, with the quills black; the legs orange;

2f

bill black.

In

the young state this bird has the wing coverts blue, and the remainder
of the

plumage more or less tinged with cinereous. The biU of

more at the sides than in any other of the genus.

species gapes

this

41

Anns hyperhorea

Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 504.

Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 837.
Pall. Sjyic. vi. 2J' 26.
Briss. Orn. 6. 288.
Temm. Man. cVOrn. 525.
Cuv. Reg. An. 1. 531.
Linn. Syst. Nat. 198.
Caprin.
Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 513.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 836.
Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 9. 80.

Anser niveus
Oie Tiyperhoree ou

Anas

le

neige

cmrulescens

Oie des

Met with

Esquimaux
in the northern i)arts of

America and Europe.

ANSER MELANOPTERUS.
Anser.

Albus

rectricibus majoribus, tertiis, et secondariis, atris.

BLACK-AND-WHITE GOOSE.
White goose

with the greater

quills, tertiaries,

and secondaries

black.^
IN.

IN.

Length

28^
1|

Bill

3|

Tarsi

Middle

toe

3^

White, with the gi-eater quiUs and adjoming secondaries brownblack, glossed with brassy

tudinal stripe of

grey

biU orange

a few of the tertiary coverts with a longi-

brown on the shaft; head and neck inclining

;

nail black

to

legs orange.

Anser 7nelanopterus, nobis

Bernicla anticola

Tschudi.
Tschudi. Weig. Arch. 1^4.^.
1. 390.

Anser montanus

Bp.

Chloephaga melanojHerus
Bernicla melanopterus

Gray. Voy. Beagle, p. 134.

pi. 50.

Hab. South America.

Brought home by Captain King obtained from the lake of Titicaca,
;

We observed also
specimens in the British Museum, and in that of Lord Derby, at
Knowsley.
Clnli.

In the

Museum of

the Zoological Society.

42

ANSER FERUa
Ans.

Cinereus

rostro aurantiaco.

WILD GOOSE.
Cinereous goose

with the

bill

orange.

IN.

Length

34

IN.

2 83.

Bill

Head, neck, back, and wing coverts gi'ey brown, the former rather
all the feathers edged with light grey
breast and belly
dirty white, crossed by a stri]3e of grey rump, vent, and under tail
coverts white bill deep orange, with the nail white legs, tarsi, and

the lightest

feet red.

Anserferus

Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 28.

Gmel. Syst. 1. 510.
Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 841.
Penn. Brit. Zool. 2. 570.
Penn. Aret. Zool. 2. 473.
Lath. Syn. 6. 459.
Temm. Man. Orn. 2. 818.

Anas ferns
Grey lag Goose

Oie cendree ou premiere

We

have followed Mr. Stephens and Mr. Gould in preservmg to

name of Ferus, and to one of the foregoing A. segetum,
as being better known than those of Dr. Fleming used by Mr. Selby.
The above bird arrives here in the winter in great numbers, and,
according to Temminck, the distribution of it is very wide, being
over Europe, Nubia, and part of Western Africa, inhabiting lakes
and marshes.
Breeds in the north, and formerly reared its young in tliis country,
laying about ten eggs of a white colour.

this species the

ANSER GUINEENSIS.
Ans.

Griseo-cinereus

subtus albus, tuberculo ad basin rostri.

SWAN GOOSE.
Griseous-cinereous goose
fiasc of

the

bill.

below white, with a tubercle at the

43
Length

39 inches.

Above cinereous grey, with the edges of the feathers light grey
from the occiput down the back of the neck runs a dark-brown streak
to the back fore part of the neck, breast, and abdomen dirty white
legs
bill (which has a large knob at its base) greenish white colour
;

orange.

The female
distinct

is less

than the male, and with the colours not so

the knob at the base of the

bill is also

smaller.

Raii Syn.

Anser Guineensis

1. 38.
Briss. Oni. 6. 280.
Linn. Syst. 1. 194.

Anser Cygnoides
Chinese Goose

Swan Goose
UOledeGuinee

Lath, Ind. Orn. 2. 838.

Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 571.
Bewick Brit. Birds, 2. 2S1.
Buff. Ois. 9.
Enl. 347.

72, pi. 3,

i^Z.

Said to inhabit (in a wild state) some parts of Sibera and Kamschatka,
to have been originally brought to this country from Guinea, but

and
are

now

to be

found in a semi-domesticated state in most parts of

Europe.
This species crosses freely with the

common tame

goose, and their

offspring are again productive.

ANSER HUTCHINSII.
^W5.Minusquam

sequenti, sed similis.

HUTCHINS' GOOSE.
Goose similar

to the following, but smaller.

IN.

IN.

Length
Bill

25
If

Tarsi

Middle

2^
3J

toe

Goose, with the head, neck, rump, and tail black back and wings
brown, with the edges of the feathers lighter a small mark anterior
to the eye, and a white kidney- shaped patch on the throat below
;

white, with the flank transversely barred with grey

black.

bill

and feet

Anser HutGliinsii
Anas Bern id a, Var.
Bernida Leucojiarcia
Anscr Canadensis

A common

Faun. Bo. Am. ^p. 270.

Bichapjy.Parry^ Voy.l.dQS.

Brandt.
Pall.

Bay and the

species in Hudson's

arctic parts of America,

where it has, until separated by Dr. Richardson, been founded with

the Canada goose, which it much resembles in every respect except
in size.

ANSER CANADENSIS.
Anser.

Cinereus;

tureque macula

colloque superiore atris;

cajiite

genis gut-

albji.

CANADA GOOSE.
Cinereous goose

with the head and upper part of the neck black

the cheeks and throat with a white patch.

IN.

IN.

42

Length
Bill

Tarsi
1-Q>ih..

Middle

3J
4i

toe

Goose with the head, upper half of the neck, quills, tail, and
back and wings brown, with the edges of each
velvet black
feather lighter; the lower j^art of the neck anteriorly and under

rump

surface white, with a grey tinge at the root of the feathers

a large

kidney- shaped patch on the throat and cheeks, with the small ends

placed behind the eye white

upper

tail

coverts also white

bill

and

feet black.

Anas Canadensis
Anser Canadensis

This species
breeds freely.

is

Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. 198.

Bonap, Syn. Bir. Am. d77.
And. Orn. Biog. 3. 18.

easily kept in a semi-domesticated state,

In a

and

breeds in the neighbourhood of

whence they migrate southward over the

vvild state it

Hudson's Bay, from

American Continent during winter.

Lays about

five eggs.

CYGNUS OLOR.
Cyij.

busque

Albus

atris.

rostro aurantiaco, tubercula culmine ad basin pedi-

45

MUTE SWAN.
Cyg. white;

bill

orange,

\vitli

a knob on the culmen and feet

black.

Length

5 feet 6 inches.

Anas olor
Anas mjgnus mansuetus

Mute Swan
Le Gygne

Gmel. Syst. 1. 501.

Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. 194.
Rail Syn. 133 ^.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 470.
iMth. Gen. Syn. 6. 436.
Buff. Ois. 9. 3^jZ.

1.

Supposed to have been introduced into this country from Asia,

and is said at present to exist in a wild state in Russia and Siberia
now found commonly on large rivers and pieces of water, where it is
half domesticated and breeds freely, lajdng six or seven eggs of a
dirty white colour, or with a very slight tinge of greenish

sits

about

six weeks.

CYGNUS IMMUTABILIS.
Cyg.
atro

Albus;

rostro aui-antiaco, tuberculaque culmine ad basin

pedibus flavicantibus.

POLISH SWAN.
White swan

at the base black

with the
;

bill

orange, and a tubercle on the cuhnen

the feet yellowish.

Similar in size and in every other particular to the preceding,

except in the colouring of the feet and legs, which are light drab
colour.

The young

from the eggs, and do not

brown colouring found invariably among

of this species are white

exhibit any of the grey or

the others.

Cygnus immutahilis

For what we have

Yarrell.

said concerning this species

we

are altogether

We never
have had an opportunity of minutely examining a specimen for ourselves.
Several specimens have been killed this winter (1837-8) both
indebted to the Earl of Derby and William Yarrell, Esq.

46
in Scotland

and in England, from flocks varying in number from

seven to thirty.

Mr. Yarrell also informs us that hitherto he was only acquainted

with the bird as an article of commerce among the London dealers
in live birds, who distinguished it by the name of the Polish Swan.

CYGNUS ATRATUS.
Cyg.

Niger, cinereo undulato.

BLACK SWAN.
IN.

FT. 1^.

Outer toe

4^

Tarsi

4^

Inner toe

3f

Centre toe

Hind

Length

toe

Black, with the edges of the feathers cinereous quills, secondaries,

and greater covei-ts white, tipped with black bill carmine red, marked
transversely near the tip, with a white band nail white ; legs and
;

feet dark yellowish ash, with the

webs darkest.
Lath. Inch Orn. 2. 834.
Shaw, Nat, Misc. in. 108.
Steph. Sh, Zool. 12. 18.
Latli. Gen. Syn. Sup. 2. 343.
Cuv. Reg. An. 1. 529.
Linn. Trans, vol. 15, tab. 12.

Anas atrata
Anas plutonia
Cygnus atratus
Blach Swan
Le Cygnenoir
Trachea

Entirely an Australian species. The tube of the trachea does

not enter the sternmn, but is attached to the os furcatum by a ligament ; in other respects the anatomy resembles that of the true swans.

CYGNUS NIGRICOLLIS.
Cyg.

Albus

capite colloque atris.

BLACK-NECKED SWAN.
White swan

with the head and neck black.

IN.

FT. IN.

Length

Bill

3|

47
White swan

with the head and neck black

knobs at the base

Anas

bill black,

with two

legs orange.

Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 502.

Lath. Ind. Orii. 2. 834.
Omel. Syst. Nat. 1. 602.
Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 17.
Moll. French edit. 213.

nigricolUs

Anas melanocephalus
Cijgnus nigricolUs

Anas melancorypha

Inhabits the Falkland Isles and the Straits of Magellan.

CYGNUS BEWICKII.

Albus

Cyg.

rostro atro, baso usque ad nares aurantiaco.

BEWICK'S SWAN.
White swan

with the

the base orange to the nostrils.

bill black,

FT. IN.

Length

Bill

Wliite

IN.

10^

Tarsi

Middle

3^
;

with the

bill black,

and

the basal half yellow, the yellow

marking truncated at the extremity

Cygiius Bewickiii

4|
toe

trachea...

legs and toes black.

Yarr. Linn. Trans, vol. 10.

Eyton, Hist. R. Brit. Birdsj
p. 86.

Discovered by Mr. Yarrell and Mr. R. Wingate to be an inhabitant

of the British Isles.

The trachea

of this species during youth penetrates the keel of

manner to that of C. ferus, but may always

be distinguished by the greater length of the bronchise. As the bird
approaches maturity the tube at the internal extremity of the portion
penetrating the sternum takes a horizontal twist, increasing in size

the sternum in a similar

and the depth to which

it

penetrates with age.

CYGNUS AMERICANUS.
^V^'

Cygno Bewickii

similis,

sed majore.

AMERICAN SWAN.
Swan

like Cygniis Bewickii,

but larger.

48
FT. IN.

Length
Ext. AlcB
Bill

IN.

Middle

7
4

.o

Tarsi

toe

Outer toe

5^

The only specimen of this bird we have seen was shown to us by

Mr. Audubon it appeared to have the bill more expanded towards
;

the tip than

is

the case in Cijgnus Beivickii, and altogether to be of

The Prince

larger size.

of

Musignano assures us that he

from C. Beicickii.

is

quite

satisfied as to its distinctness

Sharpless in SiUmau''s Journal

ditto.
Ditto
Faun Bo. Am. 2. 465.

Cygnus Americanus
Trachea
Cygniis Bewichii

Inhabits North America.

an extract from Dr. Sharj)less's paper above

mention that the tracheal
anatomy of this species is so very similar to that of C. Bewichii^
that Dr. Sharpless has copied the illustrations of Mr. Yarrell's paper
on that species, published in the Linnaean Transactions, to illustrate

The

his

on

following

We

quoted.

is

must

not, however, forget to

C. Americanus.

Beak

Specific Char.

black,

and semi- cylindrical

body white

base with a small orange or yellow spot

twenty

sides of the
tail feathers,

feet black.

Hooper.

Weight

24

Point of biU to the end of tail ...

edge of forehead

Width

of, the

American.

BewicJc.
...

13|

lbs.

...

21 lbs.

5ft.

...

3ft. 9in.

...

4ft. 6in.

d^in.

...

4Jin.

lbs.

4fin.

...

eye

5^in.

...

4|in.

...

Sin.

occiput

Tjin.

...

G^in.

...

T^in.

beak

at the

mdest part near the point

...
with wings extended
Carpus to the end of primaries...
Length of middle toe

intestine

breast bone

Depth of insertion of trachea

Length of bronchial tubes
Tail feathers in number

...
...

.j]^'

7ft. lOin... 6ft. lin.

...

2ft. IJin... 1ft. 8iin.

...

7ft. 2in.
1ft. llin.

6|in.

...

S^in.

...

6in.-

12ft.

...

10ft. 2in.

...

10ft. 7in.

SHn.

...

6|in.

...

7|in.

Sin.

...

5fin.

...

6Mn.

3Hn.

...

lUii.

...

l^in.

20

...

18

...

20

49
It is not improbable,

and

as Mr. Yarrell suggests, that this species

be found to bo confined to America

and G.ferus representing them in Europe.
Dr. Richardson, in the "Fauna Boreali Americana," says that
"this swan breeds on the sea coast within the arctic circle, and is
seen in the fur countries on its passage only. It makes its appearance
among the latest of the migratory birds in the spring, while the
Trumpeter swans are, with the exception of the eagles, the earliest.
Captain Lyon describes its nest as built of moss peat, nearly six feet
long, four feet and three quarters wide, and two feet high exteriorly,
the cavity a foot and half in diameter the eggs brownish white,
G.

Buccinator

will

G. Beivickii

slightly coloured with darker tints."

CYGNUS BUCCINATOR.
Gyff.

Albus

rostro atro.

TRUMPETER SWAN.
"White swan

with the

bill black.

IN.

42

Length

2^

Bill

IN.

Tarsi

Middle

3^

4|

toe

Faun, Bo. Am.

Gygnus Buccinator
Trachea and sternum

Linn. Trans,

2.

vol.

464.

xvu. p.

1,

T. 1.

Dr. Richardson informs us, in the " Fauna Boreali Americana,"

that "this

is

fur countries.

the arctic

the most

of the

genus in the interior of the

It breeds as far south aslat. 61, but principally within

circle,

a few days.

common

and in

its

migrations generally precedes the geese

fold of its trachea enters a protuberance on the

dorsal or interior aspect of the sternum at its upper part, which is

wanting in G. ferus and C.

Beivickii."

It is to the

the bulk of the swan skins imported from Hudson's

Trumpeter that

Bay

belong.

CYGNUS ANATOIDES.

Albus remigibus primariis, ad apicem nigris rostro pedi^'!/(/'

busque rubris, illo lato, subdepresso, tuberculo nuUo. (King.)
;

50

DUCK-LIKE SWAN.
White swan
feet red, the

the primaries black at the apices

witli

IN.

Length

42
21

Bill

and

in sinubus

3i
4

Middle

toe

Zool. Proc. Dec. 14, 1830.

Moll. Chili, p. 213.

cosoeoha

America.

bill

IN.

Tarsi

King

Cygnus anatoides.

Habitat

former broad, snbdej)ressed, without a tubercle.

interioribus

apud extremitatis meridionalem

(King.)

am

informed by C. Darwin, Esq., that he observed this swan in

company with G. nigrieollis, in the Straits of Magellan. The bill in
I

this species is broader in proportion to its length than is usual

amon^-st the swans.

CYGNUS FERUS.
Cgg.

Albus

rostro atro, base ultra nares aurantiaco.

HOOPER.
White swan

with the

bill black,

the base orange to beyond the

nostrils.
IN.

IN.

60

Length
Bill

White

4f
;

Tarsi

Middle

C^

toe

with an occasional tinge of buff colour

bill black,

cere

yellow, and is carried to a point before the nostrils on the edge of

the upper mandible

legs and feet black.

130^.

Cjignus ferus

Rati

Anas Cygnus ferus

Linn. Syst. 1. 194.

Gmel. Syst. 1. 501.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 833.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 833.
Linn. Trans, vol. i, tab. 12,

Whistling

Trachea

Swan

Syyi.

Jig. 1, 2.

51
A' winter visitant in the British
weather its true habitation, however,
;

Iceland

it

during hard
within the arctic circle. In

Isles, particularly
is

also occasionally breeds.

Lives well and is prolific on large pieces of water, in a seinidomesticated state sitting six weeks, and laying from four to six
eggs of a greenish colour.
The trachea in this species perforates the keel of the sternum
;

vei*tical direction.

deeply in a

SARKIDIORNIS REGIUS.
Sar.

Supra niger-aeneus,

culmine

subtus albus

magna

mas. caruncula

rostri.

BLACK-BACKED GOOSE.
Goose with the upper part brassy-black

below white

the male

with a large caruncle at the base of the biU.

IN.

IN.

Male: Length

30
2^

Bill

Tarsi

Middle

2f
3^

toe

head and neck

white, spotted with metallic gi-een; under parts white, and wings
purplish black, glossed in some lights with brassy, a band of black
extending from the back to the posterior part of the thighs wings
Bill black,

with a large caruncle on the culmen

with a knob

lower part of the back white

tail

IN.

IN.

era..'. Length

27

coverts black.

Bill

Bill without the caruncle, colouring similar, but with the white

more

or

less tinged

behind the thighs

Anas

with brown, and without the band of black

bill

regia

Carina...,

Anas melanotus

and legs in both black.

Omel, Syst. Nat. 1. 508.
Lath. Lid. Om. 2. 847.
Moll. Mist, du Chili, jp. 212.
Stejjh.intheZool.vol.l^.S^.
Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 503.
Lath. Lid. Om. 2. 839.

52
L'Olehro7izee iVCoromandel... Buff. Hist. Nat. des Ois.
pi. 937.
Black-hacked Goose
Lath. Oen. Syn. 6. 449.
Le cravant royal
Vieill. En. Metliod.
Orn.
vol. 1. 126.
.'...
Die hronzee
Buff. Ois. 115.

Found

Cayenne and most parts of India is also included in

by Colonel Sykes, who also says that
seeds of water grasses, and the remarkable quardrangular hard seeds
met with in the stomach of Pterocles exustus, were also found in the
stomach of tliis bu-d.
Colonel Sykes found the digastric muscle of

the

list of

in

birds of the Deccan,

the remarkable thickness of 1 l-5th inch.

SARKIDIORNIS AFRICANUS.
Sar.

Minusquam precedent!, sed in colore simiHs.

AFRICAN BLACK-BACKED GOOSE.

Less than the preceding, but in colour

similar.

IN.

Male: Length

23
2

Bill

Fem.:

Length

21

Bill

If

Both sexes resemble perfectly

IN.

Tarsi...

Middle

toe

2^

toe

2J

Tarsi

1|

Middle

in colouring the preceding sx)ecies,

except in admeasurement, in which they differ considerably.

We

have never seen a specimen with the caruncle, our specimen having
evidently had it cut off, probably from the difficulty of preserving it.

Sar kidiornis Africanus

The

Gamba

nobis.

four specimens in our collection were received fi'om the

Specimens have also been brought home by Dr. Smith

from Southern Africa, who has published a figure of this species.
river.

CHENALOPEX ^GYPTIACA.
Chen.

Dorso castaneo

lineatusquo brunneo.

subtus leviter flavo-feiTUgineo, sparsus

53

EGYPTIAN CHENALOPEX.
With the back castaneous below slightly tinged with ferruginous
and lineated with brown.
;

yellow, sprinkled

IN.

IN.

Length.,

27i
2^

Bill

Tarsi

Midclletoe

Male head and neck hoary, with the occiput and a stripe down
the back of the neck approaching to ferruginous a patch round the
eyes, and ring round the lower part of the neck deep castaneous
upper part of the back, scapulars, tertiaries, and a triangular patch
on the breast also castaneous, some of the feathers in the former
being irrorated with black the inner webs also of some of the terThe whole of the remainder of the breast and
tiaries hoary grey.
under surface is light yellow ferruginous, irrorated with brown,
except the abdomen, which is pure white vent ferruginous lower
secondaries
part of the back, tail, quills, and spurious wings black
wing
coverts
wing-spot
white,
bright metallic green, forming the
the greater ones with a bar of black near the tips bill and legs orange.
Female with the chestnut patches round tlie eyes and on the
:

breast smaller.

Anas ^gyptiaca

Chenalopex j^gyptiaca

UOie d'^gypte
Egyjjtian Goose

Linn. Syst. 1. 197.

Gmel. Syst. 1. 512.
Briss. Oni. 6. 284. pi. 27.
Lath. Incl. Orn. 2. 840.
Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 43.
Buff. PI. En. 379, 982, 983.
Lath. Syn. 6. 455.

Inhabits most parts of Africa, especially

Good Hope.

We

Egypt and the Cape

of

have figured the trachea and skeleton of this bird

in illustration of the genus.

CHENALOPEX JUBATUS,
Che.

iEgyptiaco similis

Spix.

sed majore et cristatus alisque anteriore

seneus.

Che. similar to Chcnalopex -Egyptiacus, but larger

and anterior part of the wing aeneous.

crested,

the head

54
IN.

IN.

Length

I'arsi

11

Bill

Middle

2^
2^

toe

Che. Very similar to ClienalojDex ^gyptiacus, but with the

wing coverts aeneous instead of white; head, neck, and breast
white below and back ferruginous the anterior under tail coverts
:

black, the hinder ones white.

Anasjubatus
Anser polycomus

Spix. Av. Sp. No.

p. 84. pi. 118.
Cuv.

2.

vol.

Hab. Brazil.

CHENALOPEX CANA.
albo occipite colloque canis.
Mas. castaneus
Che. Fern. Mari similis sed capite omniiio cano.

Che.

ca^Dite

GREY-HEADED SPURWING.
IN.

Length

BUI
Male

IN.

25

2^

Tarsi

Middle

If

2^

toe

castaneous chenalopex, with the whole of the head except-

ing the crown white

wing coverts white

and vent hoary
and legs black the bend

neck and crown grey

secondaries with the outer webs green

brown, the latter with a black band

of the wing armed with a spur.

quills, tail,

bill

Female: similar to the male, but with the whole of the head
hoary.

Anas Gana

Omel. Syst. 1. 510.

Lath. Lid. Oni. 2. 840.

Bernicla Cana

Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 61.

Lath. Syn. 6. 458.
Grey-headed Goose
rOie sauvage a tete grise de) ^^^^^^^ y ^ 220.
^

Coromatidel

The above descriptions were taken from two specimens brought

home by Dr. Smith, and exhibited in the South African Museum,

55
having been obtained in the neighbourhood of the Cape. It has, however, been introduced alive into this country, and kept in confinement
both by Lord Derby, at Knowsley, and in the gardens of the

Specimens were in the Museum of that Society.

Zoological Society.

TADORNA BELLONII.
Tad.

Albus

capite colloque atris

rostro cruribusque rubris.

COMMON SHELDEAKE.
White sheldrake

with the head and neck black

the

and legs

bill

red.
IN.

IN.

23^

Length

Middle

Bill

Head and upper

2
2i

Tarsi
toe

part of the neck black, glossed with green

part of the wings, back,

tail,

feathers tipped with black

abdomen, and

a line

tail

coverts white

down the middle

of the

fore

tail

abdomen

upper part of the back and band across the breast deep ferwing-spot green
quills black
bill and legs reddish
ruginous
orange, the latter in some specimens inclining to flesh-colour.
black

Anas Tadorna

Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. 195-4.

Rail Syn. 140 A. 1.
Flem. Brit. An. 1. 122.
Buff. Ois. 9. 205.

Tadorna vuli^amer

Le Tadorne
Canard Tadorne
Tadorna vulpanser

Temm. Man.
..

Selb.Illust. Brit. Orn. 11. 289.

.,

Gould, Birds of Europe.

Tadorna Bellonii

Stepli. Sh. Zool. 12. 72.

Trachea

Linn. Trans,

vol. iv. tab. 15,

fig. 9, 10.

Found over nearly the whole

and America

of

lays twelve eggs of

Europe and some parts

of Asia

a whitish colour, generally in

rabbit holes frequents the sea.

Trachea of male slightly enlarged
about an inch and half above the inferior larynx, and again contracted
immediately above it, as among the Anserina. The inferior larynx
;

is

furnished with two large compressed bulbs, the one on the right

side being nearly double the size of that

on the

left

but neither are

of such strength as in those species of the last family

that adjunct.

which possess

5G

TADORNA RADJAH.
Tad.

Capite,

collo, ventre, ptilisque albis

collo inferiore lato

castaneo cingulo ornato, sparse atro.

RADJAH SHELDRAKE.
Head, neck, belly, and anterior part of the wing white lower
part of the neck surrounded by a band of deep castaneous, irrorated
;

with black.
IN.

IN.

IN.

22^

Length

Tarsi

If

Bill

Head, neck, belly, and anterior part of the wing white lower part
of the neck surrounded by a collar of deep castaneous, thickly
and beautifully irrorated with black wing-spot bright green, anterior
to which there is a white stripe, then a very narrow one of black,
posteriorly a narrow black stripe followed by one of white scapulars
;

dark-sienna brown, iiTorated with black; tertiaries with the outer

webs sienna brown; inner webs,

coverts black

A nas

quills, tail,

vent black, irrorated with white

back, and under tail

;

bill

and legs orange.

leucomelas

Gar not,

Racljah

Diiperrey, Voy. de la Coquille,

pi 49.

Riohenback,

Radjah Eytoni

Received from Australia, but

Specimens are in most museums.
we have examined many
Although
cannot
say.
we
from what part
observed.
specimens, no sexual difference has been

CASARKA RUTILA.
Cas.

Ferruginea;

cauda remigesque primariis

atris;

speculo

viridi.

FERRUGINOUS SHELDRAKE.
Ferruginous sheldrake

mth

the

tail

and quiUs black

the wing-

spot green.
IN,

IN.

Length

24^

Bill

IN.

Tarsi

0/

Ruddy
lighter,

ferruginous,

mth

the head and anterior part of the wing

sometimes nearly white

tail

and lower part

green, with the inner webs hoary

black ring round the neck

bill

of

the back

secondaries bright glossy

black, glossed with green; quills black;

and legs black

sometimes a

is visible.

riitlla

Bonap.Gat.Am.andEarop.

Anas Casarka

Birds.
Linn. Sijst. 3 App. 224.
Pall. Nov. Com. Fetrop.

Casarka

Tutila

14. 579.

Tadorna

Stcpli.

rutila

Sh. Zool. 12. 71.

Selh. lllust. Brit. Orn.2. 293.

Canard Casarka

Temm. Man. Om.

Ruddy Sheldrake
Ferruginous Duck
Ruddy Ooose

Gould, Birds of Europe.

Bew. Brit. Birds, 2. 313.
Lath. Syn. 6. 456.

Met with

occasionally in

most parts

of the

India, and Africa; lays eight white eggs;

2.

832.

European continent,

frequents chiefly fresh

Colonel Sykes found these bu*ds for the most part of the

water.

but on the Nerbudda river, in Guzerat,

he has seen them congi-egated in hundreds in April. He found the
stomachs of many of them filled with grass seeds and vegetable
year in pairs in the Deccan

matter only.

CASARKA SCUTELLATA.
Cas.

Capite albo nigro strigato.

Cas. with the head striped Avith black.

Casarka scutellata

Midler.
Strickland, Blyth.

leucoptera
scutellata

Sclater,

Wolfs

Sketches,

pi. 49.

back brown; head white, barred

with black breast aeneous, below dark-broAvn wing coverts white
speculum blue primaries and tail black.
First found in Java by Muller, afterwards in India from the
Tesarim provinces, and described by Mr. Blyth under the name
of Casarka leucoptera.
Sheldrake, with the

orange

bill

58

CASARKA TADORNOIDES.
Cas.

Capite, cauda, vertreque

atris,

hoc castaneo sparso

cingulo

albo coUo.

NEW HOLLAND SHELDRAKE.

Sheldrake, with the head,
irrorated with castaneous

tail,

back, and belly black, the latter

a white ring round the neck.

IN.

IN.

27

Lengtli

Head, back,

belly,

with ferruginous

and

tail

IN.

1|

Bill

black

Tarsi

the back and belly iiTorated

lower part of the back and tail slightly tinged

upper part of the back, breast, and outer webs of the
tertiaries ferruginous
fore part of
a white collar round the neck
the wing white
quills black
wing- spot light green
legs and bill
black.
In the female a white band surrounds the base of the bill,
from which another passes through the eye.
with green

Anas Tadornoides

Jard. and Selh.

Illus.

Orn.

pi. 411.

Gm.

variegata

Inhabits

New

Holland.

CASARKA LEUCOPTERA.
Cas.

Capite

collo et alls anterioribus albis.

Cas. with the head, neck, and Aving coverts white.

IN.
Bill......

21

Casarha

leucoi)tera
sciiteUata

Hab. Java and Burmah.

Middle

2^

Head, neck, and wing coverts white

remainder dark-chocolate brown.

Anas

IN.

IN.

Tarsi

...
,,

...

toe

2^

secondary wing coverts grey

Blyth. Jerd.
Mull.

59

CASARKA CASTANEA
Cas.

Castanea

capite colloque albo.

CASTANEOUS SHELDRAKE.
Castaneous sheldrake

with the head and neck white.

IN.

Length

29
2i

Bill

IN.

Tarsi

Middle

Sheldrake, with the body below castaneous

greater wing coverts white

former speckled with white

2^
2^

toe

the head, neck, and

the back, rump, and

tertiaries,

tail

brown, the

with the external webs cas-

taneous, the internal ones and some of the secondary coverts blueish

grey

bill

black

legs crimson.

Casarka castanea

nobis.

Purchased from Mr. Leadbeater, who received

it

New

from

Holland.

DENDROCYGNA MAJOR.
Dend,

Collo posteriore

Dend. with the back

atro.

of the neck black.

IN.

Length

12

Bill

IN.

Metatarsus

2|-

Middle

Si

toe

Back

black, the edges of the feathers edged with brunneous;

brunneous
under and upper tail coverts yellowish white tail,
below
dark-brown a black stripe down the back of the neck, from which
about the middle is a collar about an inch wide encircling the neck,
and composed of small whitish feathers, edged mth light brown
head and upper part of the neck brownish chestnut vertex darker.
;

Dendrocygna Major
vagans
arcuata

Badia
arcuata

Hab. Madagascar.

Jerd, Ind. Illus, Orn.pl. 22.

Fraser.

Gould. B. Aust.
Midi.
Newton. Ihis.lQ^^.p.\15.A.^0>

60

DENDROCYGNA ARCUATA.
yJ::t:^:''

"""'""" '"""^^

^---.

subtseastanea;

ARCUATED WHISTLING
DUCK

" "scous duck

ivith the margins

of th
castaneous; the head
brown
;

f<.*i

*'''''''

""'"'eous, below

IN

r
^^^^^-^

Bm

iq*

y,

{'''''

If

Middle

Female smaUer, and

the colours

03

toe

less distinct,

-inas arcuata

Javanica

IN.

rj
r,
.
^
^^^''- ^ool. Mes. Java.

.,

^Z''
i?''^"^- of
of Java:

the

Linn.

Birds

Trans.

^y^^s,Proc.Zool.Soc. 1832
p. 168.

j 'T'^'

'' ^"^"^^ ^^'^^

Bec!:ri^apTeafrbf
Syke., in
Deccan.

h-

UsZZZ

SexesZ'e 2

sa

if

'^''''^ "''' ^"'^^-

pZal'V^f-"-'.

a very peculiar
whistl!

Xn disturbed

'

"

^-^ the
Colonel

-> abundant in the

"'''

"'

characterised

DENDROCYQNA GUTTULATA.
pun^ltr^'*""' """'^

^^"^

'"''i-

-^t

^^^ -terioribus non

IN.

^^'^'^^

If

2Middletoe

2'
91

61
Very similar to Dendrooygna arborea, but larger the feet not so
and the lower parts marked with brown spots instead of white.
;

long,

Dendrocygna guttulata

Wallace^ Birds of Borou.

Forst.

Anas guttata
Hab. Bourou, Ceram.

DENDROCYGNA AUTUMNALIS.
Dend.

Fusca

vertre atro

rostro pedibusque rubris.

AUTUMNAL WHISTLING DUCK.

Fuscous

with the belly black

biU and legs red.

IN.

Length
Bill

-.

IN.

24

Tarsi

Middle

2
toe

2J

Back, crown, head, collar on the neck, and tertiary coverts

vinaceous
streak do-vvn the back of the neck black fuscous throat,
cheeks, and upper part of the breast grey, inclining to vinaceous on
;

the former

secondaries, top of the primaries,

part of the back black

dirty white

under

tail

tail,

beUy, and lower

coverts barred with black and

base of the primaries, and some of the primary coverts

white.

Anas Autumiialis

Bed-billed Whistling DucJc

Siffleur

a bee rouqe et narines ]

jaune

Inhabits the

We have

West Indian

received

tame as in

it

Isles

is

Linn. Syst. 1. 205.

Omel. Syst. 1. 537.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 852.
Edw. Glea.pl. 194.
Lath. Qen. Syn. 6. 498.
td jr /-,^ i oo
^"^- Ois.9.18d.

common

from Peru, where

also in

it is

South America.

not uncommonly kept

this country.

DENDROCYGNA VIDUATA,
Dend. Mas.

Dend. Fern.

Capite anteriore guttureque

Mari
sed obscurior.
similis,

albis

subtus atro.

62

WIDOW WHISTLING DUCK

Male duck with the fore part of the head and throat white
below black.
Fern, duck similar, but mth the marking not so bright.
IN.

Length

20

IN.

IN.

1|

Bill

Tarsi

If

Fore part of the head and throat whitish crown white, with the
stiff, like hair, and olive-brown
occiput and hind
neck black upper part of the neck and breast dark chestnut back
fuscous olive, the edge of each feather lighter smaller \mig coverts
chestnut
quills and secondaries black
remainder of the wing
fuscous, with a tinge of green
tail, middle of the abdomen, and
thighs black flanks yellowish white, barred with black
legs and
;

tip of the feathers

bill black.

Female

similar, but with the colours not so bright.

Anas viduata

Linn. Syst. 1. 205.

Omel. Syst. 1. 536.
Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 858.
Penn. Oenera of Birds,

Spanish Duch

pi. 13.

Canard

face

hlanc

d^\

Maragnon

^^^^^ ^.^^ ^ 255.

-^

Inhabits both South America and Senegal.

Is represented

by

travel-

lers as having, like the rest of its genus, a peculiar whistling note.

DENDEOCYGNA ARBOREA.
Lend.

Brunnea albo maculate

vertice nigro,

BLACK-BILLED WHISTLING DUCK.

Brown duck, mottled with white

the crown black.

IN.

IN.

Length
Bill

Tarsi

Inner

toe

19^

Middle

toe

2^

Outer toe

2 3-5ths

Hind

2 l-5th

toe

68
Crown black

and wings dark- brown

fore part of the head, breast,

lighter on the edges of the feathers

breast and neck dirty white, at

the lower part slightly spotted with black and brown

a streak

down

under surface white, each feather

barred with black and brown thighs the same tail and lower part of
the back black bill lead-coloured legs and feet black.
the back of the neck dark-bro"\vn

Anas Arborea

Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. 207.

Gmel. Sijst. Nat. 1. 540.
Lath. Lid. Oni. 2. 852.
Anas Jistularis Jamaicensis.... Rail Syn. 192.
Black-hilJed Whistlmg DiicJc.. Ediv. Olea. 2jI. 193.
Canard Siffieur de St Dominique Buff. Ois. 804.
Inhabits the

West Indies and the adjacent

portions of America.

LEPTOTARSIS EYTONI.
Lep.

Brunneus

lateribus axillaribusque ferrugineis.

BROWN SLENDERLEGS.
Brown duck

with the flanks axillaries ferruginous.

IN.

Length

21

Bill

1^

IN.

Tarsi

Middle

2 l-5th

2^

toe

Duck, with the wings, back, and scapulars vandyke brown,

mclining to slaty blue on the upper part of the back flanks posteriorly
bright ferruginous buff, ornamented vdili very long axillary feathers,
;

each of which are edged with black, and

Aving is closed

entii-ely

covered when the

coverts also buff; the flanks anteriorly and under

tail

wing coverts bright ferruginous, the former beautifully barred with

black crown and streak down the back of the neck sienna brown,
the feathers on the former rather stiff; below luteous, inclining to
dirty lemon colour
the chin and throat lighter two-thirds of the
;

biU towards the base black

the remainder, with the legs, approaching

to orange yellow.

Leptotarsis Eytoni

Go aid's MSS.

64
This beautiful bird, which Mr. Gould has done us the honour to
by our name, was in the possession of the Zoological Society,
and was received from Australia but since then many more specimens
call

have been brought over.

DAFILA UROPHASIANUS.

Daf. Fern. Mare simUis, sed subtus fuscus.

Daf. Mas. Cauda pallide rufis dorso, capite, colloque brunneis,

marginibus pennarum saturatioribus.
;

PINTAIL.
PintaU, with the tail pale rufous

the back, head, and neck brown

the edges of the feathers lighter.

Fern, like the male, but below fuscous,

Male

IN.

IN.

IN.

Length

24^

Bill

Tarsi

with the head, neck, and body grey-brown

the feathers light fuscous

If
the edges of

cheeks, throat, and upper part of the fore

speculum bright green, anterior

wing coverts fuscous
neck white
posteriorly a narrow
to which there is a stripe of pale-red fuscous
one of black, then a broad one of pale-reddish fuscous; tail and
upper tail coverts pale reddish; bill and legs fuscous, the former
with an orange patch on each side.
and below
Female similar to the male, but much smaller
brownish fuscous.
;

Anas

uropliasianus,

King

Zool. Jour. 4. 351.

Although some difference exists in length between our specimens

of this bird and that described by Captain King as above, and also
a trifling one in colouring, we have been induced to place them as
one, both having been received from the west coast of South America,
placing ours the smallest as the female. Mr. Vigors, how^ever, makes
no mention of the orange -marking on each side of the bill, which we
suspect to be only apparent in all old birds during the season of
The buff colour on the wing also changes to white during
love.
certain times of the year in

all

the Pintails.

;;;

G5

DAFILA PYROGASTER.

Daf. Subtus alba, singulis pennis marginatis apices versus lunulis

brunneis.

BROWN-BELLIED PINTAIL.
Pintail

below white, with each feather edged near

its tip

with a

lunule of bright brown.

IN.

Length

IN.

24

Inner

Bill

I 4:-5i\iS

Middle

Tarsi

Outer toe

Under

If

toe
toe

21

and upper part of the back dirty white, each

a lunule of brown, brighter on the breast
and shaded oflf at the edges tail black wing coverts brown wingspot brassy purplish, edged posteriorly with brassy green, and then
with a broad band of white, formed by the secondaries neck dirty
white, slightly spotted with brown and black head slightly crested
crown and crest brown bill lead-coloured legs black.
parts, breast,

feather having near

its tip

Anas pyrogaster
In the
lection,

Museum

and in

Meyen Nova

acta.

of the Zoological Society, in

my own

collection.

Lord Derby's

col-

Inhabits Chili.

DAFILA CAUDACUTA.

Capite coUoque anteriore brunneis; posterioriter

Fern. Brunnea, marginibus pennarum
suturatioribus

Baf. Mas.

atro, albo marginato.

Daf.
speculo flavo-rufo.

PINTAIL.
Male

pintail,

with the head and upper part of the neck brown

the posterior part black, bordered with white.

Fem. brown, with the edges

buff.

of.

the feathers lighter; wing-spot

66
IN.

IN.

24

Length

IN.

Bill

Tarsi

If

crown, throat, cheeks, and upper part of the neck brown,

with purple inflections back part of the neck black, bordered on
each side with white fore neck and below white speculum green,

Male

below with white scapulars black, with

light-buff edges; back and flanks white, undulated with lines of
black middle tail feathers (elongated) grey-black bill lead-coloured
feet and tarsi reddish; eyes brown.
Fem. smaller than the male brown, with the edges of the
scapulars buff, margined above
feathers light lower parts lighter
with lighter, below with white middle tail feathers slightly elongated. During the summer months the male assumes nearly the
plumage of the female, being ferruginous below.
bordered above with

buff,

Anas caudacuta
Dafila caudacuta
Anas acuta

Raii Syn. 147. A. 5.

Steph. Sh, Zool. 12. 127.
Linn. Syst. 1. 202.
Gmel. Syst. 1. 528.

Querquedula acuta

Selh.

Wils.
vol.

Trachea

Am.

Orn. 8. 75.

Illust.
ii.

Brit.

Linn. Trans, vol.

A.

Orn.

311.
4:,

tab. 1^,

6.

A very widely distributed species, being found over Asia, Europe,

America, and the north of Africa as far as the Gamba, from whence
we have received them in the summer state of plumage. Breeds in
Holland and Germany in morasses, building its nest of flags and
grass,

and laying eight eggs

of a greenish blue colour.

DAFILA MARMORATA.
Daf.

Toto corpore marmorato obscuro et subfusco.

MAKBLED DUCK.

Duck, with the whole body marbled with dark and light brown.
IN.

Length

18

IN.

Inner

toe

Bill

1 4.-^ihs

Middle

Tarsi

1#

Outer toe

toe

If
If

;;

67
The whole body beautifully marbled with light sepia brown and"
dusky white the edges of the feathers white, the base bright brown,
excejit those on the breast, which have the base lighter head slightly
crested
the forehead, crown, and occiput light brown, the former
barred with black neck white, with minute longitudinal black dashes
bill and legs deep
tail ashy brown, the tip of each feather lighter
;

lead-colour.

Fuligula marmovata

Oould, Birds of Europe.

Anas marmorata

Temm.

Sexes not known, or the same in plumage.

Inhabits southern Euroj)e and the adjoining portions of Asia
is,

howevei rare.
,

We

it

suspect the male has not yet being discovered.

P^CILONITTA ERYTHRORHYNCHA.
P(eG.

Cinereo brunnea, jugulo genisque albis

rostro coccineo.

RED-BILLED MARBLED DUCK.

Cinereous bro^vn duck, with the throat and cheeks white

the

bill red.

IN.

Length

Vl\
2

Bill

IN.

Tarsi

Middle

toe ,

IJ
2

Slaty brown duck, with the bill red at first sight very similar to
P. Bahamensis the white markings on the throat and cheeks are^
however, more extensive, and the bird altogether rather larger the
tertiaries and scapulars, instead of being elongate as in Bahamensis^
are broad and short the tail has all the feathers of equal length
;

the wing-spot

is

white, bomided posteriorly with buf.

Anas erythrorhyncha
Crimson-hilled
PcBcilonitta

Duck

Gmel. Syst. 1. 517.

Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 855.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 507.
Smith.

Brought home from the Cape of Good Hope by Dr. Smith, to

whom we are indebted for permission to take the above description.

68

PiECILONITTA BAHAMENSIS,
P(C.

Gutture albo

speculo violaceo utrinque subflavo marginato

rostro duabiis coccineis maculis lateribus.

BAHAMA MARBLED DUCK.

Throat white

wing-spot metallic violet, bounded on each side by

a streak of buff; the

bill

with two red markings on the sides.

IN.

IN.

Length

18^

Bill

Tarsi

1^

Middle

If

If

toe

Bill lead-coloured, lighter on the sides

tail and back bro-RTi,
edged with lighter; crown immaculate sepia brown; breast grey,
spotted with brown; wing-spot metallic violet, bounded anteriorly
with a narrow stripe of buff, posteriorly with a broad one
legs and
bill fuscous, the latter with a triangular patch of red on each side
behind the nostrils.
Sexes similar.
In the young bird the bill is reddish brown.
;

Anas Baliamensis

Linn. Syst. 1. 199.

Omcl. /Syst. 1. 516.
Lath. Ltd. Orn. 2. 835.

Ilatliera Duclc

Catesh. Carol. 1. pi. 63,

Peiin. Arct. Zool. 2. pi. 95.
Lath. Oen. Stjn. 6. 507.
Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 137.

Marcca Bahamensis
Le Marec

...

Buff.

Inhabits Brazil and the Bahamas.

MARECA AMERICANA.

Sj)eculo
utrinque atro marginato, et fascia
Mar. Fern. Brunnea, marginibus pennarum suturatioribus.

Mar. Mas.

viridi,

lata viridi post occulari.

AMERICAN WIDGEON.
Mas. speculum metallic green, broadly bounded on each side by
ack a broad fascia of green behind the eye.
;

Fern, brown, the edges of each feather lighter.

69
IN.

IN.

Length

Male
the

bill to

23

IN.

Tarsi

If

Bill

15

has a cream-coloured patch extending from the culmen of

the crown behind the eye a gi-een patch extending to the
;

remainder of the head and neck cream -colour, blotched and

dotted with black
breast vinaceous, the edges of the feathers
lightest back grey, narrowly barred with black and cream-colour
occiput

wing coverts and abdomen white under tail coverts black quills
and tan grey tertiaries grey, with the outer webs black, edged with
;

cream-colour

bUl lead-colour, tipped with black

legs reddish

two

centre tail feathers elongated.

Fern.
lighter

with the upper surface brown

each feather edged with
without the green on the head, and rather smaller than the
;

male.

Anas Americana
American Widgeon

Mareca Americana

,.

Gmel. Syst. 1. 526.

Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 861.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. bQ2.
JVils. Am. Orn. p. %Q,pl. 69,
/.4.
Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 135.

Inhabits, America, the West Indies, and Cayenne, frequenting

inland lakes and rivers, as well as the sea coast ; breeds in the northern

part of America in swamps, laying six or eight eggs.

curious, as presenting a connecting link between the
pintail.

The

bill is

This bird is
widgeon and

that of the former, and the two elongated tail

feathers show, an affinity to the latter.

MARECA CHILOENSIS.
Mar.

Fronte

genis pteromatibus subtusque albis,

striga post

occulari purpurescente-senea.

CHILOE WIDGEON.
Widgeon, with the forehead, cheeks, wing coverts, and under
surface white

a post occular streak seneous-purple.

IN.

Length

19

IN.

Middle

toe

Bill

If

Inner

Tarsi

Outer toe

toe
..,

2f
IJ
1^

;
;

70
Widgeon, with the forehead, cheeks, abdomen, breast, tipper and
under wing coverts, and upper tail coverts white a streak from the
eye to the occiput brassy purple neck, remainder of the head, lower
;

part of the back, and numerous transverse bars across the breast
dark-brown; tertiaries and scapulars also dark-brown; with the

edges of the feathers white

black;
feet,

quills light

brown

flanks white, clouded with ferruginous;

and

bill

Anas

speculum velvet
brown; legs,

tail

brown.

Chiloensis,

Kbig

Zool. Proc. 1831. 15.

We have also

Inhabits the Island of Chiloe.

received specimens

from Cayenne.

MAKECA FISTULARIS.

flavo
capite cristaque castaneis.
Brunnea, marginibus pennarum suturatioribus.

Mar. Mas.
Mar, Fem.

Vei*tice

WIDGEON.
Male, crown cream-coloured ; head crested chestnut.
Fem., brown, with the edges of the feathers lighter.
IN.

Length

IN.

20

IN.

Bill

Tarsi

If

Widgeon, with the crown cream-coloured; cheeks, throat, and

neck chestnut, occasionally spotted with black breast vinaceous
back white, each feather minutely barred and waved with dark-grey
flanks the same
belly white
under tail coverts black speculum
metallic green, bounded by black wing coverts white remainder of
the quills and coverts gi-ey bill lead-coloured legs and feet black.
;

Fem.

with the back fuscous grey, the edges of the feathers

lighter
head and neck fuscous, spotted with black ; below white
remainder as in the male.
;

Mareca Jistularis
Anas Jistularis
Penelope

Steph. SJi. Zool. 12. 131.

-B?'m. Or/?. 6. 391,j5. 35./.2.
Linn. Syst. 1. 202.
Omel. Syst. 1. 527.
Lath, Ind, Orn. 2. 860.

71
Widgeon

Pemi. Brit. Orn. 2. 268.

Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 518.
Buff. Ois. 9. 1Q2, pi. 10,11.

Ganardsiffleur

Trachea

Common

Linn. Trans, vol. iy.tah. Id,

in the British Islands during winter, frequenting both

the sea and fresh water.

It is a very widely distributed species,

being found throughout Africa, America, and Asia.

MARECA CASTANEA.

Castaneus atro maculato speculoque

Brunnea cinerea, marginibuspennarum suturatioribus.

Mar. Mas.
Mar. 'Fern.

viridi.

CASTANEOUS WIDGEON.
Mas. castaneous spotted with black the wing-spot green.
Fern, cinereous brown, with the edges of the feathers lighter.
;

IN.

Length

Male

17^

under

brown

IN.

1 3-5ths Tarsi

1|

neck, and upper part of the back castaneous,

lower part of the back black, each feather edged

pai-ts,

spotted with black

with castaneous

IN.

Bill

wing coverts brown, slightly tinged with

gi*eenish

secondary coverts tipped with white tail and under

coverts black, glossed with green and purplish
wing-spot bright
quills

head black, glossed with green bill, legs, and feet black.
rather smaller than the male light brownish grey, spotted
with dark
wing- spot green, edged anteriorly with white, and posteriorly with black biU and legs as in the male.
green

Fern.

Mareca castanea
Inhabits

nobis.

New HoUand. The first specimens we observed were in the

and Antiquarian Society of Shrewsbury, presented (together with many other birds from the same
country) by Major Wakeman.
collection of the Natural History

AIX GALERICULATA.

Aix Fem, Fasciis duabus

Aix Mas.
alba

Vertice occipiteque viridibus ; fascia lata supra-occulari

tectricibus tertiis ad apices expandentibus.
alis.

72

MANDARIN DUCK.
a broad white
Male, with the crown and occipital crest green
band over the eye tertiaries expanded at the tip, and prominent.
Fern., with two white bars on the wing.
;

IN.

IN.

Length

Inner

18|-

If
1|

toe

Bill

li

Middle

Tarsi

Outer toe

toe

If

Male: head with a long occipital crest and crown purplish

throat, cheeks, and
above the eye a broad band of white
remainder of the neck bright reddish ferruginous, the shaft of each
back, tail, and wings hairbreast bright purple
feather lighter
brown scauplars with the outer webs black, the inner ones white
one tertiary prolonged and expanded on each side, prominent over
the back on the lower part of the breast a broad band of black, not
meeting in front, on which there are one or two narrow ones of white
flanks ferruginous, beautifully undulated with narrow bands of black
bill and legs orange.
belly, vent, and under tail coverts white
Fern. similar to the summer duck A. sponsa, but may be distinguished from it (according to Latham) by having two bars of
white on the wing, and by the white spots on the breast being
green ;

round instead

of triangular.

Aix galericulata
Anas galericidata

Bole.

Querquedula sinensis
Chinese Teal
Sarcelle de la Chine

Linn. Syst. 1. 206.

Gmel. Syst. 1. 539.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 871.
Briss. Orn. 6. 450.
Udiv. Olea. pi. 102.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 548.
Buff". Ois. 9. 276.

Inhabits China and Japan, where

it is

kept

(as in this country)

for the sake of its beauty, in a state of domestication.

known

Nothing

is

of its habits in a wild state.

AIX SPONSA.

Capite colloque viridibus gutture albo.

Brunnea, rostro cinguloque occulari etiam

Aix Mas.
Aix Fem.

rostri, et fascia alis albis.

ad basin

73

SUMMER DUCK.
Mas. head and upper part of the neck metallic green
white

throat

crest long.

Fern, dark brown, with the belly, space round the eye, and bill

white

one white band across the wing.

IN.

Length

IN,

20
If

Bili

Tarsi

Middle

toe

Crown, neck, and occipital crest glossy green

line extending
from the bill over the eye, another from the lower part of the eye to
;

the occiput, together with the throat, white

neck and upper part of

the breast purplish, and sprinkled with spots of white

wing

coverts,

and

green, and purple inflections

scapulars,

glossed in some lights

tail black, beautifully

mth

on the lower part of the breast is a

white bar, posteriorly to which is a black one
flanks yellowish
ferruginous, barred and undulated with dusky under tail coverts and
quills sooty black
below white bill and legs orange.
Fern.: dusky slate brown, with a space round the eye, a band
romid the bill, the throat, and belly white breast dusky, marked
;

with triangular spots of white

and bill dusky.

Aix sponsa
Dendronessa sponsa
Anas sponsa

quills

and

Boie

tail as in

Isis.

the male

legs

1826.

Faun. Bo. Am.

2. 446.
207.
Oniel. Syst. 1. 539.
Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 871.
Briss. Orn. 6. 351. ^^Z. 32,

Linn.

Anas Estiva

Sijst. 1.

Jig. 2.

Summer Duck
Beau canard, Huppe

Catesh. Carol. 1 pi. 97.

Edw.Glea. p. IQl.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 546.
Buff. Ois. 9. 254.

Trachea

Mont. Orn.

die.

Sup.

Jig, 5,

et nobis.

Inhabits America, from Hudson's Bay to Mexico, and the Antilles,

throughout the whole of which space it breeds, seldom frequenting
the sea.

It generally

makes

its

nest in decayed trees hanging over

the water, laying twelve or thirteen eggs.

This species

is

often kept in confinement in this country, and

breeds freely, as well as

its

congener,

74

QUERQUEDULA JAVANENSIS
Qiter.

Capite

viridi,

macula ad basum

rostri

gntture et fascia

occipitali albis.

JAVA TEAL.
Head

green, with a spot at the base of the bill

throat and patch

extending to the occiput white.

IN.

IN.

Length

18

Tarsi

Exp.

27
li

Middle

al

Bill

Head
throat,

white

If
2

toe

bright glossy green

spot behind the culmen of the bill,
and streak towards the back of the neck from the latter,
collar white
breast with each feather beautifully marked
;

with lunules of black

vent coverts white, undulated with black
wing-spot purplish green, above which is a conspicuous spot of velvet
black; tertiaries very long, with the shaft and a narrow edging
;

exteriorly white, and the edge of the posterior or inner

and

quills

vent

feathers grey

tail

buff, anteriorly to

web grey

upper and under tail coverts black

which there is a band of black feet and bill
;

black.

Anas Javanensis

Vieill.

1.

Sarcelle de Vile de

Inhabits Java.

Java

Buff. Ois.

torn. xvii.^?.

395.

I have never seen but one specimen of this

was in Lord Derby's collection at Knowsley, now

beautiful species

in the Liverpool

Museum.

it

En. Method. Orn.

160.

The

British

Museum

also has specimens.

QUERQUEDULA GLOCITANS.
macula rotundata castanea ante oculari
Capite
Quer. Fern. Brunnea, marginibus pennarum

Quer. Mas.

viridi,

et post oculari ornato.

sutui-atioribus.

BIMACULATED TEAL.
Male

teal,

with the head

green, ornamented with a rounded

chestnut patch before and behind the eyes.

Fern,

brown

teal,

with the margin of the feathers lighter.

75
IN.

IN.

Length

15

Bill

IN.

1 9-20ths

Tarsi

If

Male head and neck green, with a dark chestnut patch before
and behind the eyes the throat approaching to black back and
flanks white, undulated with black lines; breast and abdomen
ferruginous, with a few black spots wing coverts fuscous speculum
:

velvet black, bordered anteriorly with violaceous, posteriorly with

white

quills

coloured

Fem.

brown, margined with lighter

bill, feet,

and legs

lead-

the webs black.

slightly smaller than

the male

head and neck light

with the crown and base of

each feather darker;

back and flanks fuscous ferruginous, with the base
of each feather brown.

ferruginous,

abdomen white

Anas

Pall. Acta. StocJc.l. 779,

glocitans

4:0^

tab. 33. Jig. 1.

Omel. Syst. 1. 526.

Lath. Ind. Orn. 862.
Querquedula glocitans

Vig.Lin. Trans, vol. xiv. 559.

Gould, Birds of Eur02^6.

Bimaculated Teal

Penn. Brit. Zool. 2. 602.

Vieill. En Method. Orn.

Canard

Gloiisseur

1.

126.

Said to inhabit Siberia and the neighbourhood of Lake Baikal.

One

or two specunens only have been

met with

in England.

QUERQUEDULA CRECCA.
Quer. Mas.

Quer.

Capite colloque castaneis, fascia

Brunnea, marginibus pennarum

occipitali viridi.

Fem.

suturatioribus

subtus alba.

COMMON TEAL.
Teal, with the head and neck chestnut, with a green occipital
fascia.

Fem. brown

teal,

with the margin of the feathers lighter

below

white.
IN.

IN.

LengtJi
Bill

14J
1 6-l2^h%

1 l-6th

Tarsi

Middle

toe

If

76
Male

head, cheeks, and neck chestnut

occiput passes a band of

j'^ellowish

below white

from the eye to the

metallic green, bordered by a stripe of
;

the breast dotted with black

back, and flanks white, undulated with black

the scapulars,

wing coverts broAvn

quills hoary fuscous
speculum metallic green, bounded above and
below by velvet black lateral tail coverts with a band of black.
brown, with the edges of the feathers lighter ; below
Fern.
yellowish white
speculum green, without the black edging
crown
;

bro^^^l.

Querquedula crecca

Stejjh. Sh. Zool. 12. 146.

Anas

Linn. Sijst. 1. 264.

Omel. Syst. 1. 532.
Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 872.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 577.
Wils. Am. 8. Orn. 106,

crecca

Common Teal
Green-winged Teal

pi. 70, Jig. 40.

Buff, Ois. 9. 265.

Temm. Man. d'Orn. 2. 846.
Linn. Trans, vol. 4. tab. 12,

Petite sarcelle

Canard

sarcelle

d'Hiver

Trachea

Breeds in most marshy lakes in the north of Europe, America,

migrates southwards during winter,
and the British Isles
when it frequents almost entirely fresh water, Mr. Selby, in his
"Illustrations of British Ornithology," mentions that he is inclined
to think that our indigenous broods seldom quit the immediate neighbourhood of the place in wliich they were bred. The nest is formed
of grass lays from eight to ten eggs of a whitish colom*.
Asia,

QUEEQUEDULA CAROLINENSIS.
Quer.

Precedenti

similis,

sed distingueri potest fascia alba ante

alls.

AMERICAN TEAL.
Quer. similar to Q. crecca, but distinguished from

it

by a white

bar on each side of the breast.

16

IN.

IN.

IN.

Length

Bill

If

Tarsi

;;

77
Precisely similar to Q. crecca, with the exception of the under
tail coverts, which are black, and in having a white band on each side

opposite the point of the wing.

Anas

Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 533.

Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 874.
Jard. Illiis, Orn. pi. 148.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 584.

Carolinensis

American Teal
Inhabits America, where

it

takes the place of the preceding

species.

QUERQUEDULA FORMOSA.
Quer.

Vertice, gutture, fasciaque ab hoc ad oculos

atris,

utrinque

albo marginato.

BAIKAL TEAL.
Teal, with the crown, throat, and a streak proceeding from the
latter to the eye black,

bounded on each

side with white.

IN.

Length

IN.

Tarsi

15^
1 6-V2Ah^

Bill

Middle

If
1 4-5ths

toe

Male crown and throat black, with eachfeather slightly tipped with
from the latter proceeds a black waved streak to
the eye, bounded on each side by a narrow one of white, and enclosfrom the bill through the eye proceeds
ing a patch of fawn-colour
a broad band of glossy gi*een to the occiput, where it is broadest,
and trifurcate below, the centre branch extending down to the back
:

ferruginous brown

of the neck, the lateral ones curved to the fore neck, but do not

meet, the whole bounded by a narrow edging of white

the neck bright reddish fawn-colour, spotted with black

fore part of

back brown

lower part of the neck (behind) black, thickly irrorated with white
flanks the same
beUy white
quills and coverts brown ; middle
coverts tipped with brown ; primary coverts glossy pui-plish black,
;

tipped with white;

webs black, edged with

tail brown
tail coverts
the same, edged with lighter under tail coverts black, having on the
sides anteriorly a broad band of white
the under coverts bounded
laterally with a bar of ferruginous
biU brown
legs light yeUow
wing-spot bounded anteriorly by brown, posteriorly by white.
Fem. unknown.
ferruginous

tertiaries long, outer

inner webs light fawn-colour

;;

78
Querquedula formosa

,,,...

Baihal Teal

Lake

Inhabits Russia and

the

Museum

Stepli.

8h. Zool.vol. 12. 151.

Omel, Syst. Nat. 1. 523.

Lath. Ind. Om. 2. 876.
Lath. Oen. Syn. 6. 5^7.

Anasformosa

(Lath.) Specimens are in

brought over by R. Reeves,
and also in our own.
Baikal.

of the Zoological Society,

Esq., in 1832, from China

QUERQUEDULA MANILLENSIS.
Quer.

Genis

albis, fascia

brunnea occipite ad collum inferiorem

tendente.

MANILLA TEAL.
Teal, with the cheeks dirty white, with a streak from the occiput
to the lower part of the neck, when it expands into a coUar, brown.
IN.

IN.

Tarsi

15

Length

Middletoe

Bill

If
1|

formosa ; tertiaries not acuminated, and ferruginous

upper parts of the back olive-brown tail and
green
beUy white, irrorated with black
with
glossed
black,
rump
secondary quills
coverts white
lateral
black
middle vent coverts
coverts white, tipped with black
with the outer webs brassy green
small coverts black; quiUs brown; head, neck, and crown dark-brown

AHied to

Q.

breast as in the last

from the occiput proceeds a streak of brown to

cheeks dirty white
biU leadthe lower part of the neck, when it expands into a collar
;

colour

feet

and legs light orange.

Omel. Syst. Nat. 1 523.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 876.
Sonn. Voy. Lid. 91, pi. 54.
Lath. Oen. Syn. 6. 557.

Anas Manillensis
Sarcelle de Vlsle de

Lueon

Manilla Teal
Inhabits the Manillas.
that of the

Specimens are in

my

collection,

and in

Liverpool Museum.

QUERQUEDULA FALCARIA.

Capite brunneo cingulo coUari guttereque purpureis.

Quer. Fern. Bruimea, marginibus pennarum suturatioribus.

Quer. Mas.

79

FALCATED TEAL.
Teal, with the head deep

brown

ring round the neck and throat

purple.
Fern,

brown

teal,

with the margins of the feathers lighter.

IN.

Length

17

,.

Male

Middle

1|

Bill

IN.
IJ
1^

Tarsi

toe

head and crown deep brown ring round the neck and
remainder of the neck and a spot behind the
;

throat brassy purple

upper part of the base of the bill white

belly, breast, flanks, and
upper part of the back white, each feather lunulated with ashy black
tail ashy
upper tail coverts and centre of the under ones black,
laterally buff, anteriorly to which there is a black streak, then a patch
of white
quills ashy brown
tertiaries long, inner webs brown-grey,
outer glossy green, edged with light grey, the edging broader at the
base
wing-spot green
primary coverts light ashy brown, lightest
on the edge.
;

Fem.

about half an inch shorter than the male

brown, each

crown dark brown neck Hght brown,

streaked with dark brown
tertiaries long
wings and tail as in the
male coverts brown
belly light
legs and bill in both sexes leadfeather lunulated with darker

colour.

Anasfalcaria
Falcated Duch

Anasfalcaria

Gmel. Syst. Nat. 8. 521.

Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 860.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 574.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 516.
Steph. Sh.
p. 100.

Zool.

vol.

xii.

The specimens from which the above descriptions were taken are
Museum, and were brought home by R. Reeves, Esq.,

in the British

from China.

QUERQUEDULA ERYTHRORHYNCHA.
Quer.

Brunnea,

ptilis atris, tectrices

majores speculoque

seneis.

80

CRIMSON-BILLED DUCK.
Bro^vll, with the upper coverts velvet black, the greater ones and
speculum brassy green.
IN.

IN.

Length

18

Above brown, with the edges

inclining to grey

IN.

Tarsi

1^

Bill

1^

of the feathers brighter

and

back, lesser ^ving coverts,

tail

throat

velvet black

below the upper tail coverts and flanks gi*ey, the latter with two or
three deep brown spots
the breast sometimes slightly waved with
brown the remainder of the wing beautiful seneous green, with the
exception of the two outer quill feathers, which are black, and the
bill and legs
terminal half of the secondaries, which are white
bright red in the male, fuscous in the female bUl brown, with a red
patch on each side at the base.
;

Anas Erythrorkyncha

Sjyix.

Querquedula Braziliensis
Ipecuteri a Zara
Anas paturi

Lath.

N. Sp. avium.

N. 347.
Splx. vol.

Braziliensis
Ipecuteri
reca Braziliensis

P.

Ma

Gen.

Anas notata

111.

VieiU. G.

2.

R. Gray.

Inhabits South America.

We

had an opportunity

ness of the Earl of Derby,

The trachea and

through the Idnda pair alive for some time.

of dissecting this bird

who had

inferior larynx is that of a typical teal.

It

may,

however, be distinguished from that of Q. crecca (which it in other

respects resembles) by the bulb being more oblique, and swelling

more

in

an upward direction.

The tube

of the trachea in both sexes is acted ujion

by two pairs

of muscles of voice, the first pair the usual sterno-tracheal ones

in the female the second pair diverge

from the tube, where

it

pene-

and are inserted into the membrane

stretched between the rami of the osfurcatum. and the coracoids. In
the male they diverge similarly, and are inserted in the rami of the
OS furcatum^ having also a slight attachment along the internal
surface of the membrane stretched between the rami of the
OS fureatumy which is not the case in the female.

trates the cavity of the chest,

;
;

81

QUERQUEDULA PUNA.
ANAS PUNA TSCHUDI.
The crown, the sides of the head
and neck are black, faintly dark green, shining
this colour extends along the middle line of the neck nearly to the
The
fore part of the back, gradually changing into smoky brown.
there is
back is brown, each feather having a whitish-brown edge
sometimes a transverse light streak in the middle of the feathers
on the hind part of the back this colour changes to olive-green. The
upper wing coverts are dull lead-colour. The "Spiegel" is light
green, bordered by a blackish band, which is edged by a white band.
There is a white band in front of the " Spiegel." The wing feathers
there is an
are brown, sometimes lighter along the inner edge
The " Eckfliigel" are long
oblique whitish margin at the tips.
brown purplish violet, shining. There is a more or less broad whitish
bro%\Ti streak along the margin of the short feathers of the Uropygium.
Uropygium and tail feathers grejdsh bro^^ii, with fine white transverse
lines. The lower part of the face below the ej^es, the sides of the neck,
and the throat are dirty white. The breast is light whitish-brown, with
dark-brown nearly heart-shaped spots, which are smaller and more
numerous on the front part of the neck these spots are always in
the middle of the feathers, behind the tip, which is edged with light
brown each of these feathers has two or three alternate white and
brown cross bands. Abdomen light gi'ey, with numerous fine white
and brown cross bands, which are broader and darker on the inguinal
The bend of the wdng and the lower marginal wing coverts
region.
are lead-coloured, like the upper smaller mng coverts the middle
are %vhite. Beak gi-eenish, blackish on the base of the upper jaw
and along the median line. Tarsi dark purplish red, passing into
greenish black. Total length one foot eight inches. Bill two inches
three lines. Wing eight inches six lines. Tarsus one inch. ProporFrom Tschudi Fauna Peruana, i^. 3()8.
tion of tarsus to wing 1.2. 2.
Found

in the elevated plains.

to below the eyes,

QUERQUEDULA CRECCOIDES.
Quer.

Pallide brunnea-grisea, sparsa notataque dorso imo

quc fascis hie apice rufo, speculo nigro, fulvo marginat<i.

ptilis-

82

MOTTLED TEAL.
IN.

Length

IN.

16|

Bill

The head and neck

IN.

Tarsi

1|

of this bird are finely

1^

marked with fuscous

neck being mostly in transverse lines, thus forming

several undulating fascia ; the feathers of the upper part of the back
are of a brownish grey, and are marked in the centre by oval fuscous

dots, those of the

spots

the scapular feathers are similarly marked by long, central,

black strigae, which in some lights are of a beautiful green

part of the back

a uniform fuscous colour

is of

the lower

the upper wing

coverts are fuscous, the apices of the lowest range of feathers being

which colour forms a narrow fascia across

the external secondary quill
feathers are black on their outside margin, and are terminated with
light buff; the internal webs are fuscous on their outside webs, with
a shade of deep green, and slightly margined with buff; the breast
and middle of the abdomen are whitish, the feathers of the former
being strongly marked with round black spots in the centre, those of
the latter being more strongly marked, so as to exhibit irregular

also terminated with rufous,

the wing immediately over the speculum

fasciae

bill

Anas

yellow, with a black apex.

creccoicles.

Inhabits the

Museum

King

Straits

Zool. Jour. 4. 99.

Magellan.

of

specimen was in the

of the Zoological Society.

QUERQUEDULA CAPENSIS.
Qi<^/\Rostro coccineo

marginibus capitroque basali

atris.

CAPE TEAL.
Teal, with the bill crimson

the margins and a band round the

liase black.

IN.

Length

18|

Bill

IN.

Tarsi

Middle

2^
toe

2f

all the dorsal

Light-brown teal
aspect with the feathers
edged with lighter those on the breast and under parts very light
brown, with a lunule of darker on each feather
the throat white
;

;;-

83
the head and neck spotted, and minutely streaked with dark and light
brown wing-spot bright gi'een, margined on every side but the upper
wing coverts, quills, and tail blue slate
with a band of white
legs
colour, the latter with each feather edged with much lighter
;

reddish brown.

Female

similar, but rather smaller.

Smithj Cat. S. Afric. Mus.

Querquedula Capensis

Inhabits Southern Africa, and brought

whom

home by Dr. Smith, by

has been figured in his work on South African Zoology.

it

QUERQUEDULA HOTTENTOTA.

Brunneus,
Fem. Mari

marginibus pennarum

Quer. Mas.

suturatioribus

tectricibus caudse juguloque paUide brunneis, illo atro fasciato.

Quer.

similis,

sed tectricibus caudse toto corpori

similibus.
'

Male, brown
tail

teal,

HOTTENTOT TEAL.
with the margins of the feathers lighter

coverts and throat light

Fem.

brown

the

the latter fasciated with black.

but with the quill feathers like the rest of

like the male,

the body.
IN.

IN.

Length

14^
1^

Bill

Male

Tarsi

Middle

umber brown, with the edges

crown, occiput, and quills dark brown

and under

tail

U2
i_

toe

of the feathers lighter

the

rump,

chin, throat, cheeks,

coverts light brown, the latter narrowly barred with

darker breast and lower part of the neck and under surface darker
speculum and
the abdomen barred with black
than on the rump
secondaries bright brassy green, the former edged posteriorly mth
;

black, then white white

tail

coverts brown, slightly glossed witli brassy

dark brown.

Fem.

so distinct,

brown

similar to the male, but with the markings generally not

and the whole plumage below lighter

bill lead-colour,

legs in both sexes

with the nail horn-colour.

Querquedula Hottentota

Brought home by Dr. Smith

Smith, Cat. S. Afric. Mus.

fi-om the western coast of

South

84
Orange River. A specimen
am not aware from what locality.

Africa, near the

but I

is

also in

my

collection,

PETROCYANEA INORNATA.
Fem.

Pctro.

Rostro atro collo albido nigro

Peteo. with the

bill

black

sticto.

the neck white, marked with black.

IN.

IN.

Length

Tarsi

15f

BUI

8-lOths

If

Middle

If

toe

feet dusky clay-coloui*, in summer

beak black
crown and hmd head dark brown, speclded with pale dashes
sides of the head paler brown, with black sjiecks
throat and chin
drab-white
lower neck, back, and tail coverts bistre, with horseshoe lines of pale brown scapulars dark brown, with a green gloss,
and a narrow border of pale brown wing coverts X)ale blue mnglet,
primaries, and jDiimary coverts blackish, with pale inner webs

Irides hazel

yellow

secondary greater coverts white, with large spots of metallic green,

which sometimes become darker

golden green edge of tix)S pale
;

shafts slightly glossed

tail

secondaries with the outer webs rich

tertials long,

pomted brown, with ]3ale

feathers dark brown,

transverse spots on the outmost

mth pale

breast, belly, vent,

edges and

and under

coverts silky drab, irregularly mottled, and spotted blackish

marked with horse-shoes

of

wings white.

of dark

brown and pale

tail

sides

inner surface

Gosse non vidi.

Cyanopterus inornatus

Gosse,

Fem.

Hab. Spanish Town, Jamaica.

PETROCYANEA
Petro, Mas.

Petro.

CIRCIA.

azureis-cinereis.
Undulatus brunneo albo
Bnmnea, marginibus pennarum suturatioribus.
ct

ptilis

Fem.

GARGANEY TEAL.
Male

teal,

undulated with brown and white lesser coverts blueish

;

grey.

Fem. brown
as in the male.

teal,

with the margin of the feathers lighter

coverts

;;

85
IN.

Length

IN.

Tarsi

16^

BUI

1 1-lOtli

Middle

toe

Male crown, back of the neck, cheeks, and sides of the neck
brown, the latter inclining to chestnut in some specimens
a white
lower part of the neck and breast
stripe from the bill under each eye
:

marked with brown lunules back brown, with the edges of

scapulars brown, with a white stripe down the
wing coverts blue-grey the rump and tail brown
shaft of each
below white, undulated with dark brown on the flanks
speculmn
gi'een; bill, tarsi, and feet lead-coloured; eyes brown.
Fem. brown, each feather edged with lighter throat white
whitish,

the feathers lighter

below yellowish white

wings as in the male.

Petrocyanea

Bp.

Querqiiedula circia

Anas

circia.,.,

Anas Querqiiedula

Garganey

Le

Sarcelle d'ete

commun

Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 143.

Linn. Sijst. 1. 204.
Omel. Syst. 1. 553.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 873.
Linn. Syst. 1. 263-2.
Gmel. Syst. 1. 531.
Raii Syn. 148. 8.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 576.
Lath. Lnd. Orn. 6. 550.
Bujf. Ois. 9. 208.
Buff. Ois. 9. 260.

Trachea

Linn. Trans,

vol. 4, tab. 13,

fig- 2, 3.

Found over the whole

Europe

visits the

breeds in Holland
Avater side

of Asia, the northern part of Africa,

and
May, frequenting fresh water
constructed of grass, placed by the

British Isles in
its

nest

is

lays from ten to twelve white eggs.

Trachea with the tube smaller about one inch below the glottis,
then slightly swelled, and again slightly contracted about an inch
above the inferior larynx, from which point it gradually expands
to the end.

The

inferior larynx with

an osseous bulb extending

anteriorly and on both sides, and not swelling out so abruptly as in

the preceding genus or among the true teal.

PETROCYANEA FKETENSIS.
Petro. Mas.

Gula colloque anteriore palUde Badiis

mineque, imis caudaque,

albis,

nigro fasciatis

dorso, abdo-

ptilis cseruleis.

86

Gula colloque ut in mare ; dorso imo ptilisque

abdomine ferrugineo, sparso et fasciato atro.

Petro. Fern.
ceeraleis

atro-

FASCIATED TEAL.
IN.

IN.

Length
Bill

Tarsi

Male

teal,

Inner

14

1 l-6tli

toe..!

Middle

Outer

If

toe

1 5-12tlis

toe

with the back, breast, fore part of the neck, and cheeks
two former having in the centre of each

light yellowish brown, the

abdomen, tail, and rump white,

the former broadly and the latter narrowly barred transversely with
black vertex as far down as the eyes, and a streak down the back of the
neck, deep brown feet, legs, and bill blueish brown, the latter with a
yeUow patch on each side of the bill, extending beyond the nostrils
wing coverts slaty blue, the greater ones tipped with white;
quills and
secondaries seneous green, also tipped with white

feather a dark-brown patch

flanks,

tertiaries,

which are long, dusky, the

latter

with the centre of

each feather darker.

Female and young similar to the male, but with the abdomen
and flanks ferruginous, irregularly barred, and irrorated with dark
brown rump black the bill without the yellow markings on the
;

sides.

Petrocijanea
Anasfretensis,

Bp.

King

Zool. Proc. Dec. 14, 1830.

Magellan and other

western coast of South America.
Inhabits the

Straits

of

localities

on the

PETROCYANEA DISCORS.
Petro.

Capite cinereo brunneo, lunula alba ante oculos.

BLUE-WINGED TEAL.

Teal, with the head ashy

brown

a large white lunule before the

eye.

16

IN.

IN.

IN.

Length

Bill......

T<irsi

If

87
Head ashy brown,

slightly glossed at the tip of each feather with

between the eye and bill, and partially surrounding the former, a large lunate spot of white, the horns projecting backwards breast and neck ferruginous, beautifully spotted with
dark brown
quills, tail, and back dark brown, the latter slightly
lunated with ferruginous
under tail coverts deep black or brown,
brassy

crown darkest

on the sides a patch of white

marked with a streak

wing coverts bright

blue, lower ones

of white, then with one of green

with the outer webs blue

anterior ter-

on the inner side of the shaft a

streak of ferruginous the remainder black.
Female length 15 inches wing coverts as
the male tertiaries
and remainder brown, lunated with ferruginous crown darker.
tiaries

Petroeijanea

Bp.

Querquedula discors

Steph. in Sh. Zool. vol. 12.

149.
Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. 205.
Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 854.
Bujf. PI. Enl. 966, mas.
403, ^m.
Catesh. Carol. 1. 100, mas.

Sarcelle soucroiirou
soucrourette
Wliite-faced Duck
Blue-ivinged Teal

1. Q'd,j'em.

Inhabits the American Continent,

Guiana and the West Indies.

from the 58th

parallel

to

PETROCYANEA CYANOPTERA.

Petro.

Rafflesii, similis

sed majora rostrum apice flavum unge et

relegaes aterimis.

Petro. similar to Rafflesii, but larger

nail

and the

the apex of the

IN.

Length

Deep reddish chestnut

brunneous

Middle

covei*ts bright blue

legs orange.

H
2i

toe

head and neck nearly black

colour than the rest of the body

nail black

IN.

Tarsi

23^
2

Bill

slightly

yellow

bill

rest of the bill black.

wings

the breast rather lighter in

bill Ijlack, vnilx

the end

yeUow

;;

88
.

Hab. Western Africa

brought over by Mons.

Chaillii.

Petrocyanea ci/anop tera

Nov. Anas cyanoptera

Vieill.

Hartleauhii. Chaillu.

Querquedula

Hab. Equatorial Africa.

PETROCYANEA RAFFLESII.
Petro.

Castaneo-ferrugineus, speculo

viridi.

RAFFLES'S TEAL.
Deep reddish chestnut

teal,

with the speculum green.

IN.

IN.

18

Length

Tarsi

Middle

Bill

Deep reddish chestnut

each of the
dark brown
;

teal,

1^
2

toe

with the crown and vent inclining to

feathers on the back with black lunules

and blue, with the shaft buff; wing coverts light blue
speculum metallic green quills and tail black.

tertiaries black

Petrocyanea cmridata

Anas

Rafflesii,

B}i.

King

Zool. Journ. 4. 97.

cyanoptera

Vieill.

Cassin,

N. America,

]).

Birds

of

82, id. 15.

since which
First brought home by Captain King from Chili
time we have received specimens from the same locality. Said by
navigators to be exceedingly common on the west of South America.
;

SPATULA RHYNCHOTIS.
coUoque superiore
Ferruginous
speculo
Fern. Brunnea, marginibus pennarum suturatioribus

Spat. Mas.

tectricibus caudce nigris

Spat.

caj^ite

caeruleis;

viridi.

rostro paUido.

NEW HOLLAND SHOVELLER.

Male shoveller, with the head and upper part of the neck blue
under and upper tail coverts black wing- spot gi'een.
Fem. shoveller, brown, each feather edged mth lighter; bill
;

horn-colour.

89
IN.

IN.

20

Length
Bill

Tarsi

I'i^-^ih^

1^

Middle

1^

toe

Male head and neck, lesser coverts, and tertiaries light blue,
some of the latter with a stripe on the inner side of the shaft white
centre of the
bar behind the base of the bill, on each side, white
back, quills, and tail white, mth a lunule near the tip and two spots
on the shaft of each feather brown wing-spot bright brassy green,
flanks, belly, and breast deep
anterior to which is a white stripe
ferruginous, the former barred and dotted, and the latter undulated
with brown above the thighs, on each side, a white spot under and
upper tail coverts black
under wing coverts white top of the
head and back of the neck darkest bill black legs orange.
Fem. brown, with the tip of each feather lighter below lightest
lesser coverts slightly inclining to blue
bill and legs horn-colour in
:

the dried sjDecimen.

Young

male nearly intermediate between the two

bill

black

legs orange.

Anas

Lath. Lid, Orn. App. 1.

Sh. Zool. 12. 123.
Lath. Oen. Syn. Sup. 359.

Rliyncliotis

Spatula Rhynchotis
New Holland Shoveller
Inhabits

New

8tep)h. in

Holland, and appears to be identical with specimens

received from South America.

The
is

bird described by

the young.

Latham under the name of Anas Rhynchotis

It is possible also that the white

markings mentioned

as present in our specimens of the old male, behind the base of the
bill

and down the fore neck, are not constant, but merely appear

during the moult.

SPATULA MACULATUS.
Spat.

Precedenti

similis,

sed

nigris maculis rotundatis ornatis

corpore

flavescente-ferrugineo,

capite simiii, nigro sparso.

SPOTTED SHOVELLER.
Shoveller like the preceding, but with the body yellowish ferruginous, adorned with rounded black spots

with black.

head the same, sprinkled

90
IN.

IN.

Tarsi

20

Length
Bill

2,

1^
2 1-lOth

b-lOih^ Middle toe

We

have considerable doubts as to the validity of this species.

The marks of distinction between it and R. BhyneJiotis are the
following the nail on the bill is broader, the flattened space between
the nostrils and behind them is also broader the whole body is of a
lighter colour, and spotted in the centre of each feather with round
dots the white spot behind the thighs is similar, but the admeasure:

ments

slightly differ.

We

suspect that this bird will eventually turn

out to be the female of Rhynchotis ; and that the birds we have

described as female and young of that bird will turn out to be both

young males.
Gould

Spatula maculatus

in Jard,

Illus.

and

Mr. Gould received his bird from South America;

received from

New

Selb.

Orn.p. 147.
ours was

Holland.

SPATULA CLYPEATA.

Capite colloque virldibus ptiHs

Fem. Brunnea, marginibus pennarum suturatioribus.

Sjmt. Mas.
SiKit.

cseruleis.

COMMON SHOVELLER.
Male

shoveller, \vith the

head and neck green

the wing covei*ts

blue.

Fem.

shoveller, brown, with the

margins of the feathers

lighter.
IN.

IN.

20

Length
Bill

2f

Tarsi

Middle

1|

toe

head and neck glossy metallic gi'een throat black breast,

smaller scapulars, and gi-eater wing coverts white larger scapulars
and lesser wing coverts blue, the former 'svith a light stripe down the
quills and tail brown
the
centre of each feather speculum green
outer tail feathers elongated, pointed below chestnut bill fuscous

Male

red.

91
Fern.

brown, having the edges of

all

the feathers lighter

wing-

as in the male.
Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 115.
Linn. Syst. 1. 200. 19.
Gmel. Syst. 1. 518.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 856.

Spatula clypeata

Anas

clypeata

An. 123.
Raii, Syn. 144. 13.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2 N. 489.
Penn. Brit. Zool. 2. 596.
Penn. Brit. Zool. 2. 597.
Buff. Ois. 9. 191.
Li7in. Trans, vol. 4, tab. 13,

Spatula clypeata

Fle^n. Brit.

Anas platyrhynclius
Shoveller

Red-breasted Shoveller
Souchet ou le rouge

Trachea

Jig. 4, 5.

Was found in the Deccan by Colonel Sykes one sj)ecimen has

been brought home by Dr. Smith from South Africa. Generally
inhabits Asia, Europe, America, and North Africa
breeds in
Holland, and has occasionally bred in Norfolk, laying twelve eggs
little, however, is known of its nidification.
:

SPATULA CAPENSIS.
Spat.

Brunneus

subtus singulis pennis lunula centrali, apiceque

leviter ferrugineis.

CAPE SHOVELLER.
Brown

shoveller

below with a lunule, and the

tip of

each feather

light ferruginous.
IN.

IN.

221
22^

Length
Bill

j'arsi
Tarsi

Middle

2f
'i

Head and neck

xu.

i.i.M*i/c.

toe
vuo

1^
2i
^2

mth dark brown

on the occiput darker below
dark sepia brown, each feather having its tip and a transverse lunule
in the centre light brownish buff; the back brown, slightly glossed
with greenish greater quills and tail deep brown, the latter edged
with lighter
secondaries with the outer webs metallic green
tertiaries with the outer webs blue
lesser wing coverts azure, the
light brown, minutely spotted

crowTi and slightly elongated feathers

; ;;

92
greater ones white, forming a band of that colour across the wing
bill

black

legs reddish orange.

Smith, Cat. S. African Mus.

Spa tula Capensis

We

Smith for allowing us to take the above

from the specimens exhibited in the South African
Museum, of which he has published drawings.
are indebted to Dr.

description

MALACORHYNCHUS MEMBRINACEUS.

Cinereus, macula caryophylacca post oculari.

Fem. Mare
sed macula post ocularis caret.

Mai. Mas,
Mai.

similis,

MEMBRINACEOUS DUCK.
Male ashy, vritli the

side of the bill towards the tip

membrinaceous

a pink spot behind the eye.

Fem.

similar,

but without the pink spot behind the eye.

IN.

Length

Male

IN.

BUI

IG^

IN.

Tarsi

2f

IJ

gTey, transversely striped with brownish black,

stripes

neck brown a stripe round the eye and down

the back of the neck dark bro^\^l a little behind the eye a bright
pink spot back brown, transversely irrorated with lighter rump
broadest on the flanks

under tail coverts fawn-colour

quills dark brown
coverts light brown, except the tip of the primary
coverts, which are white, forming a white wing-spot bill and legs
brown, the former largely lobated.

black

tail

coverts white

tail bro'v^al

Fem.

as above.

Melacorhynchus memhrinacea.. Swain.

Anas malacorhynchus
Omel. Syst. 1. 526.
Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 862.
Anas memhrinacea
Lath. Lnd. Orn. Ajjp. 11.
Shaw, N. Mis. 11 pil. 697.
fasciata
Soft-hilled Duck
Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 522.
Neiv Holland Duck
Lath. Gen. Syn. Sup. 11.359.
RhynchaspAs malacorhynchus.. Stepjh. Sh. Zool. 12. 123.
memhrinacea
Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 124.

Inhabits

New

South Wales.

;;

93

CHAULELASMUS STEEPERA.

Cinereus et albus speculo atro tectricibus castaneis.

Kti. Fern. Brunnea, marginibus peimarum snturatioribus.

Kti. Mas.

GADWALL.
Male, grey and white

speculum velvet black; primary coverts

chestnut.
Fern, brown, with the margins of the feathers lighter.
IN.

IN.

Length

21

Bill

IN.

Tarsi

If

Male head and neck brownish, marked with dots of grey-brown

upper part of the breast and lower part of the neck grey-brown, each
back the same, thicldy barred
feather marked with alunule of white
speculum black,
with white
tertiaries grey, the edges light
anterior to which there is a reddish chestnut patch formed by the
gi-eater primary coverts, posteriorly one of white
lower part and
under tail coverts black quills and taD. grey bill black legs fuscous.
Fem. with the sjDeculum as in the male remainder of the
plumage as in the female of the common -wild duck.
:

Chaulelasmus
Chauliodus stre2')era

Gadwall

G. JR. Gray.
Gould, European Birds.
Linn. Syst. 1. 200.
Gmel. Syst. 1. 520.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 859.
Nobis.
(See p reface, Mon
Anat.)
Penn. Arct.- Zool. 2. 575.

Chipeau
Trachea

Buff. Ois. 9. 187, i^Z. 12.

Linn. Trans, vol. 4, tab. Id,

Anas

strepera

Ktinorhynchus strepera

Jig. 8.

A very widely-distributed species. We have received specimens

from India, Africa, and America.
It is also enumerated in the
British lists, and is not uncommon in Holland, where it breeds in
marshes among rushes, laying eight or nine ashy green eggs.
Tube of the trachea enlarged about one-third of its whole length
from the lower extremity, and again contracted above the inferior
larynx. Inferior larynx with a projection on the left side and before
anteriorly very slightly acuminate.

94

ANAS GIBBIFRONS.
Anas.

Brown, with aeneous wing-spot.

IN.

IN.

Length

15

Bill

Metatarsus

1^

Middle

If

toe

Brown, with the edges of the feathers lighter wing-spot seneous

head dark brown, streaked with light bill black legs tawny.
;

Anas

Mull.
Mull.

gihhifrons

mula
Hab. Sumatra.

ANAS P^CILORHYNCHA.
Anas.

Brunnea,

marginibus pennarum suturatioribus

rostro

culmine ad basin et apice aurantiacis.

SPOTTED-BILLED DUCK.
Brown
culmen

duck, with the edges of the feathers lighter

at the base

and

bill

with the

tip orange.
IN.

IN.

IN.

Length

25

Bill

2J

Tarsi

Slaty brown, with the feathers on the breast, belly, and lower part
of the neck broadly edged with yellowish white, those on the back
narrowly so ; crown, as far as the eyes, umber brown neck white,
;

with the centre of each feather dashed

with brown;

Aving-spot

metallic green, bordered with velvet black, anterior to which there

exterior webs, with some of the tertiaries, white ;
is a white stripe
bill black, with the tip for about a quarter of an inch and the upper
;

part of the base orange

legs orange.

Anas jJ^scilorhyncha
Mareca pcBcilorhyncJia
Spotted-hilled Duck

Common

in the

Omel. Syst. Nat. 1. 635.

Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 850.
Oray, Ind. Zool.
Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 134.
6. 487.

Lath. Gen. Syn.

East Indies and Ceylon.

95

ANAS CHLOROTIS.
Anas.

Dorso brunnea, pectoreque castaneo.

Anas, with the back brown, the breast castaneous.

IN.

IN.

Length

Metatarsus

Bill

Middle

toe

Brown duck, the

breast and under pai*ts inclining to castaneous,

the basal portion of the feathers darker ; wings and back dark brown,

with the edges of the feathers lighter;

speckled, with darker

Anas

brown

bill,

and

head castaneous, brown

feet greenish.

G. R. Oray,

Voy. Erehus
and Terror. Birds pi. 20.

chlorotis

O.R. Gray, Genera of Birds.

Icon...

Hab.

ANAS SPECULARIS.
An.

Brunnea, macula magna et ovali utrinque ante oculos

rostro

colloque superiore singulis albis.

BRONZE-WINGED DUCK.
Brown

duck, with a large oval spot before the eyes

upper part of the neck surrounded by a

bill

IN.

Length
Bill

Tarsi

and the

collar of white.
IN.

25^
1|

Inner toe

If

Outer toe

Middle

toe

2^
2^

Head and neck umber brown, with a large oval spot of white
between the eye and bill, placed transversely a broad coUar of white
on the upper part of the neck, not meeting at the back, from which
proceeds a streak to the chin also white under surface brown-grey,
undulated with darker back and coverts brown, slightly glossed with
brassy green coverts tipped with white rump and tail ashy brown,
the latter darkest ; bill black ; legs and toes orange webs black.
;

Anas chalcoptera
King
specularoides, King
specularis,

Inhabits Chili.

Kitlitz.

Zool. Journ., Nat. vol. 4. 98.

Ditto
ditto.

;;

96

ANAS LUZONICA.

Supra cinereo fusca, striga super oculari

An. Above fuscous cinereous, with a supra ocular

j)allide castaneis.

A)i.

streak pale

castaneous.
IN.

IN.

IN.

21

Length

Bill

2^

Tarsi

Above brownish castaneous, mth top of the head nearly black,

and a super ocular stripe the cheeks and throat pale chestnut the
speculum purplish green, margined before and behind with black
the body below cinereous fuscous.
;

Afuis Luzonica

Hab.

Isle of

Frazer^ Zool. proc. 1839. 113.

Luzon and

Philippines.

ANAS SUPERCILIOSA.
An.

Brunnea, fascia albida supra et sub oculos

speculo violaceo.

SUPERCILIOUS DUCK.
Brown duck, with
speculum

a whitish stripe above

and below the eye

violet.
IN.

IN.

23
2i

Length
Bill

1^3.
4

Tarsi

Brown, with the head darkest a whitish stripe arises at the

cnlmen of the bill, and proceeds over the eye nearly to the occiput,
another arises below the base of the biU, and passes below the eye,
also nearly to the occiput, where the two meet the whole of the
plumage dark brown, with the edges of the feathers lighter, and the
speculum metallic violet,
throat and fore neck yellowish white
white bill black legs
wing
coverts
surrounded with black under
;

brown.

Sexes similar.

07
Anas

Omel. Syst. 1. 5iJ7.

Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 852.
Lath. Gen. Syn.Q. 497.

siqjeroiliosa

Supercilious Duck
Anas supereiUosa

Inhabits

New

Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 108.

Holland.

ANAS OBSCURA.
An.

Brunnea, speculo violaceo atro marginato.

DUSKY DUCK.

Brown duck, with the speculum

violet,

margined with black.

IN.

Length
Bill

Male

24
21

IN.

Tarsi

Middle

If
toe

2|-

crown, lower part of the neck, body,

tail, and wings

dusky brown, each feather edged with lighter;
throat, cheeks, and upper part of the neck light brown, each feather
having on its shaft a dark-brown streak speculum deep glossy violet,
:

entirely of a deep

margined with black; bill greenish, and formed similar to that of the
mallard legs and feet dusky yellow.
Female similar.
;

Anas ohscura

Dusky Duck

Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 541.

Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 871.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 545.
TFiZs. Am. Orn. 8. p. 141.
pi.

111.

Penn. Arct. Zool. N. 496.

Inhabits America ; occurs chiefly on the coasts of Florida, New
England, and New Jersey, where it breeds in sequestered places on
the marshes, laying eight or ten eggs similar to those of A. Boschas,

ANAS BOSCHAS.

Capite colloque superiore viiidibus singulo

albo.
An. Fern. Brunnea, marginibuspennarum suturatioribus speculo
An. Mas.

collari

viridi.

WILD DUCK.
Male duck, with the head and upper part

of the

neck green

collar white.

Fern,

brown duck, with the margins

lighter

speculum green.

98
IN.

IN.

IN.

24

Leihjth

Bill

Tard

2.\

Male head and upper part of the neck metallic green, below
which is a white collar; breast vinaceous; back broAvn; scapulars
and flanks white, undulated Avith black speculum metallic gi-een,
margined anteriorly and posteriorly with white quills, rump, and
tail coverts brown, in some light greenish, middle tail feathers
curling upwards tail grey-white bill yellow legs orange.
Fern. brown, with the edge of the feathers lighter speculum
:

sunilar to that of the male.

Var. A.

Anas

This variety has the

Var. B.

The

adiiitea
bill

(Linn.)

Hook

-billed

Duck.

turned downwards.

Penguin Duck.

peculiar upright position of this variety,

standing, distinguishes

when

at rest

Anas Boschas

Linn. Sijst. 1. 205.

Omel. Si/st. 1. 538.
Lath. Inch Orn. 2. 850.

Wild Duck

Penn. Arct. Zool.

Le

and

it.

2. 494.
Buff. Ois. 9. 115.
Linn. Trans, vol. 4, tah. 12.

cajiard sauvage

Trachea

fig. 10.

Inhabits universally the temperate regions of the northern

hemisphere, and does not appear to be subject to any considerable
migration breeds commonly in all marshy districts, laying from ten
;

to fifteen eggs of a greenish colour.

ANAS FLAVIROSTRIS.
An.

Cinereo-brunneo,

rostro

flavo,

naribus macula atra cin-

gentibus.

YELLOW-BILLED DUCK.
Cinereous-brown duck, with a yellow biU, and the nostrils surrounded by a black patch.
IN.

Length
Bill

22^
2;!-

IN.

Tarsi

Middle

toe

2}

99
Slaty-brown duck, above with the edges of the feathers narrowly
margined with lighter, below broadly wing-spot brassy green, surrounded anteriorly and posteriorly with a narrow streak of black,
superiorly with one of the same colour, formed by the outer webs of
the tertiaries, beyond the black streak posteriorly and anteriorly a
narrow one of white tail feathers pointed, slightly edged with light
;

brown
black

legs

yellow, with a black patch covering the nostrils

bill

and

feet

nail

brownish lead-colour.
Smith, Cat. S. Afric. Mus.

Anas Jiavirostris
This new species
Cape of Good Hope.
and in the collection

an inhabitant of the neighbourhood of the

Specimens are in the South African Museum,

is

of the Zoological Society.

ANAS SPARSA.
A)i,

Brunnea, scapularibus remigibusque interioribus tribus vel

duobus transversis

et fasciis ferrugineis ornatis.

SPECKLED DUCK.
Brown duck,

^^ith

the scapulars and tertiaries banded with three

or four transverse fascia).

IN.

Length

23i

Deep

Middle

1|

Bill

lighter,

IN.

sepia

2
2^

Tarsi
toe

brown duck, with the fore part

of the

neck and throat

but thickly and minutely spotted with deep brown

and upper

tertiaries

scapulars

each with one, two, or three bands of

on

buflf

the former interrupted by the shaft and a small space on each side,

which are of the same colour as the greater portion of the plumage,
and on the latter merely extending over the outer webs wing-spot
bright metallic green, bounded posteriorly and anteriorly first with a
band of black, then with one of white tail and tail coverts marked
as the scapulars, but more obscurely bill lead-coloured legs and
feet orange, with the webs dusky.
;

Anas sparsa
Anas leucosligma

,...

Smith, Cat. S. Afric. Mus.

South Afric. Zool, t, 97.

Vogel. Nord. Gist.

Rupp.

Afric.

t.

48.

100
Inhabits Southern Africa, and was brought to England by Dr. A.

Smith, to

whom we

are indebted for permission to take the above

descrijDtion.

CARINA MOSCHATA.
Car.

Niger,

ptilis albis.

101
abdomen, under tail coverts, and secondaries white
secondary coverts longer than the primary quills tail long, with the
feathers rather stiff bill dusky gi'een legs and toes orange thighs

breast, belly,

and a small triangular mark behind the eye white.

Mlcropterus Patachoiiicus,Kin(j,.. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1830,
p. 15.

In the

Museum

of the Zoological Society,

brought by Capt. James

from Pricket's Harbour.

MICROPTEHUS BRACHYPTERUS.
Mic.

Cinereus, subtus albus

macula ferruginea gutture.

SHORT-WINGED MICROPTERUS.
Grey micropterus, with the

belly white

a ferruginous patch on

the throat.
IN.

IN.

Length...

27

Bill

Grey, with the head and neck lighter

throat

belly

Anas

and wing-spot white

legs

IN.
2J

Tarsi

a ferruginous tinge on the

and

bill

orange

nail black.

Lath. Syn. 6. 439.

Voyage autour du monde Frey^

brachyjJtera

p. 39.

Oiseaux y rises, on

ois.

de

p)lein..

Pernet Voy.

The specimen from which the above

the

Museum

II. ch, idx. p. 21.

description was taken was in

and was obtained from the

Magellan; they also inhabit the Falkland and Staaten
Islands. We have considerble doubts as to the propriety of making
this and the preceding distmct species.
Both are destitute of the
powers of flight, merely using their wings to flapper over the surface
of the Zoological Society,

Straits of

of the sea.

entirely

head

is

They

are also bad divers, obtaining their living almost

by brealdng
so strong that

shell-fish along the water-mark: hence, the

Mr. Darwin informs us he had gi'eat difficulty

in breaking one with his zoological

hammer.

MELANITTA AMERICANA.
Mel. Mas.
aurantiaca.

Sequent!

similis,

sed

tubercula

ad basin

rostri

;;

102

AMERICAN SCOTER.
Male duck, similar to the following, but with the tubercle
base of the

bill entirely

at the

orange.
IN.

IN.

Length

Middle

19

Bill

Outer toe
Inner toe

If
2f

I'arsi

toe

'2|

2|

Male distinguished from the following, which it in every other

respect resembles, by the protuberance at the base of the bill and a
small space anteriorly and laterally being entirely orange, and by the
sides of the naU at the apex of the upper mandible being suddenly
narrowed.

Fem.

a similar distinction holds between the females of this and

the following as regards the nail.

Faun. Bo. Am.

Oidemia Americana

2.

450.

Niitt. Orn. 2. 442.

Brought home by Dr. Richardson from the neighbourhood

Hudson's Bay. Specimens are in our collection.

of

MELANITTA NIGEA.

Ater tubercula bifida atra ad basin

Mel. Fem. Brunnea subtus cinerea, macula albicante gutture.
Mel. Mas.

rostri.

BLACK SCOTER.
Male scoter,
Fem. brown

mth

a bifid black tubercle at the base of the

beneath cinereous, with a white patch on the throat.

IN.

IN.

Length

21

Bill

1 9-12ths

Tarsi

Middle

11

black on the sides

remainder black

legs dark lead-coloured.

2|

toe

Male entirely black, glossy on the head and neck

a bifid protuberance at the base of the

Fem.

bill.

bill,

no speculum

orange in the centre,

a small patch anterior to the tubercle also orange

sooty black or brown

a large light-coloured grey patch

on the throat, extending backwards to the hind neck, and below about
half-way down the fore neck bill (devoid or nearly so of a tubercle)
;

entirely black

Young

legs as in the male.

similar to the female.

103
Melanitta nigra

...

Brehm. Hand. der Nat. nUer,

Vo. Dent. 903.
Linn. Syst. 1. 196.

Anas nigra

Oniel. Syst. 1. 588.

Latli. Ind. Orn. 2. 848.

Anas nigra minor

Bail Syn. 141 A.

Flem. Brit. An. 119.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 484.

Oidemia nigra
Scoter or Black Diver
Le Macreuse

Buff. Ois. 9. 234.

native of the northern

regions,

^^Z.

16.

but migrating southwards

down the European Continent; breeds,

congeners, on the coast in northern latitudes, maldng its
during

winter

like

its

nest near
sea-weed, and other rubbish, and near the
time of hatching lines its nest with down from the body ; lays from

the water-mark of

gi-ass,

six to ten white eggs.

MELANITTA PERSPICILLATA.
Mel. Mas.

baso atro

Rostro

aurantiaco,

macula quadrangulari utrinque

speculo nullo.

Mel. Fern.

Bruimea, macula cinerea utrinque ad basin

rostri.

SURF DUCK.
Male

scoter, with the bill orange, a

side of the bill at the base

Fem.

quadrangular patch on each

no speculum.

brown duck, with a cinereous patch on each

base of the

side at the

bill.

Betigtk

19

^i'il

li
1|

^m

Inner toe

Middle

2f

toe

Outertoe

2^

Male biU orange, with a four-cornered diamond-shaped patch of

black on each side at the base of the upper mandible ; bill (raised at
the base) short and thick plumage in general dead black, slightly
:

glossed on the sides of the neck, with a patch of white on the occiput,
and another elongated one down the back of the neck legs and toes
;

orange, the webs dusky.

Fem.

dusky brown, lighter on the neck and belly the raised

bill not so prominent as in the male
an obscure patch
behind the base of the bill on each side, and another elongated one
between it and the occiput.
:

portion of the

104
261.
524.

Anaspcrspicillata
^

Linn Syst.
Omel. Syst.

Oklemiaperspicillata

Steph. Sh. fool. 12 219.

1.
1.

^Vils.Am. Orn.yinp.m,pl.^l.
Blade or Surf Duclc
Edw
Duck
Black
^^.'Voa\
Macreusealargehec Marchand Buff. Ois. 9. 244.
Temm. Man. 2. 853.
Canard Marchand
Lawrence
Common in America, along the coast from the River St.
the Orkney
occasionally met with
to Florida, and has also been
The
inhabits the sea.
and Shetland Isles; it almost exclusively
nigra,
O.
of
that
from
female of this species may be distinguished
superior length of the biU, and
which it somewhat resembles, by the
behind the eye-that colour
by the grey marking on the cheeks
being confined entirely to the throat.
in the above-mentioned bird

MELANITTA FUSCA.
suboculari
3f^^._Ater, speculo et macula lunata

albis.

VELVET DUCK.
lunate mark under the eye
Black duck, with the speculum and a

-White.
^^^

^^

20

Length

Bill

Tarsi

Middle

1|
Ib

toe

lunate spot and a mark

Male- entirely deep velvet black, with a
the former with a tubercle
under the eye white bill and legs orange,
black webs black.
a space before it and the margins
at the base
below dirty grey; the
Fem. has the plumage above sooty black,
than in the male.
tubercle at the base of the bill smaller
;

Young

similar to the female.

Melanittafusca

Anasfusca

Oidemiafusca
Velvet

Duck

Grand ou
Trachea

double macreuse

Boie in Brehm. Hanf.der

Natt. aller, Vo Duet. 905.
Linn. Syst. 1. 196.
Omel. Syst. 1. 507.
Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 848.

^";
f
12. 21b.
Sh. Zool. V9^'91fi
Steph. ^f
^^''1'

Penn. Arct. Zool 2.212. pl.l^Q.

Buff. Uis.'S.A^^.

Linn. Trans voLA,tab.l5,

vol.
fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ; and

\&,

tab. 21, Jig. 2, d.

105
Inhabits the arctic regions, migrating southwards in
the winter,
known species of the genus, on both the
American and European Continents breeds in the
neighbourhood of
like several of the other

Hudson's Bay, on the borders of fresh water

lakes, lajdng eight or

ten white eggs. On the commencement of incubation
the males, like
those of the eider, form themselves in large flocks
and desert the
females.

SOMATERIA FISCHER!
-^ow.Macula alba magna occulos cingente, capite

viridi flavo.

FISCHER'S EIDER DUCK.

SoM. Whitish

a large white spot surrounding the eyes

the head yellowish green.
;

IN.

IN.

17i

Length
Bill to gape

rest of

Metatarsus

Middle

24-

toe

Male: back, and a few feathers behind the legs,

white; under
parts and taU black; head yellowish green, a
large white spot surrounding each eye, with two limate ones placed
before and behind it
'

black.

Fem. dark brown, transversely barred with black

head black,
with markings round the eye simUar to the
male, but indistinct.
:

Hab. N. America.

SOMATERIA SPECTABILIS.
Som. Mas. Capite supra et occipite
cinereis; genis viridibus;
rostrum tubercula magna basali.

Fem. Sequent!

Som,

similis, sed

tubercula minore basaU.

KING DUCK.
Male
green

eider, with the head above and occiput

cinereous
the biU with a large tubercle at the
base.

Fem.

eider,

Hke the foUowing

at the base of the

^'''9th

^^^^

the cheeks

species, but with a smaller tubercle

bill.

241
1

^''^^^

l-6th

15-6ths

Inner

toe

Middle
Outer

toe

toe

li

21
21

106
Male

with

crown and occiput

light cinereous grey

cheeks
round the base of the bill a band, and on the chin a
V-shaped mark, black remainder of the neck, breast, and upper part
of the back white, slightly tinged with purplish
lower part of the
back, tail quills, tertiaries, scapulars, and under parts black tail and
greater wing coverts white bill and legs red, the former with a large
knob at the base, the top of which is covered with feathers.
:

light green

tlie

Fem. in colour resembling the female of the common eider

but can be distinguished by the knob at the base of the bill being
:

larger.

Somaterla spectabilis

Anas

Stej)h. Sh. Zool. 12. 229.

Linn. Syst. 1. 195.
Gmel. Syst. 1. 907.
Lath. hid. Orn. 2. 845.

spectabilis

Grey-headed Duck
Anas freti Hiidsonis
King Duck
Le Canard a tete grise

Edw. Olea^ pi. 154.

Briss. Orn. 365.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2.
Buff' Ois. 9. 258.

Trachea

Linn. Trans,

N. 481.

vol. 15, tah. 15,

c d.
Inhabits the same countries as the preceding

builds

its nest,

which

isformedof sea weeds, on rocks and islands on the sea coast, laying five
By the
or six eggs scarcely to be distinguished from the preceding.
Greenlanders this bird is considered a delicacy, particularly the

knob

at the base of the bill.

SOMATERIA V NIGRUM.

Sequent! similis, sed V subrostro.

Sam. Similar to the common eider, but with a V-shaped mark
under the chin.
Soni.

IN.

IN.

Length

22

Bill to gape

Somateria

V )iigruni

Metatarsus

If

Middle

toe

G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc,

1855.

Rather smaller than the common

eider.

Hab. Russian- America.

SOMATERIA

ST.

CUTHBERTI.

Capite supra occipiteque viridibus.

BrunneA, truisversim linoata

Som. Mas.
Som. Fem.

atro.

107

COMMON EIDER DUCK.

Male

eider, with the

Fern,

brown

head above and occiput green.

eider, transversely lineated with black.

IN.

IN.

24

Length

Inner

toe

2|

Bill

2 l-6th

Outer toe

2|

Tarsi

Middle

2J

toe

back, wing coverts, and reMale

crown and occiput green
mainder of the head and neck white, with a yellowish tinge quills
and tail grey below, with the secondaries and rump black bill and
;

legs black.

Fern.

light

brown on the breast

feather near the tip dark brown, with

lighter

belly obscure

bill

Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 224.

Lynn. Si/st. 1. 178.
Gniel. Syst. 1. 514.

Anas mollissima

IJider

St. Cuthberti
St. Ctithbert's Eider...

Oie a duret ou Eider

L'Eider

and

primaries dark brown, with the

and legs black.

Somateria molUssima

Anas

the edges of the feathers

lesser coverts, the back, tail, secondaries,

greater wing coverts grey brown

edges light-gi'ey brown

a lunule of black on each

Rati Syn. 14. 1.

Penn. Arct. Zool. 2
^ujf' 9. 103,
Vieill.

t.

iV. 480.

6.

En. Method. Orn.

30. 119.

Linn.Trans.vol.l%tah.dO,

Trachea

Like

its

congener, an arctic species, seldom seen south of the

55tb degree N. L., but in the parts within that on all three continents
and the adjacent islands, where it breeds, building its nest of sea
weeds, and laying four eggs of a greenish colour.

ENICONETTA STELLEKI.
Poly. Mas.

Albus,

fronte occipiteque viridibus

collum cingulo

atro.

Poly. Fern.

Ferruginea,

culis albis tectricibus.

atro et obscure maculate, duabus

ma-

08

WESTERN DUCK.
Male

white duck, with the forehead and occiput green

neck with

a black collar.

Fern.

mth

ferruginous duck, marked

black and dusky, with two

white spots on the wing coverts.

Length

Male

17 inches.

chin, throat, fore part of the neck,

black stripe extends from the collar

and

down the neck

collar black

to the back,

which

head sides and the upper part of the neck to the collar
a black irregular patch behind
the eyes, v.dth a narrow band i)roceeding from it, and surrounding the
orbits breast and sides light ferruginous vent and tail black, with
the edges of the feathers lighter a humeral spot black quills dark
brown tertiaries (very long) black, edged with light brown.
black

is also

white

forehead and nape greenish

Fem.

ferruginous, marbled with dark and black, with two white

spots u2)on the wing coverts, the feathers of which are straight and

fNuttaU.)

blackish.

O. B. Gray.
Gmel. Syst. 1 535.
Gmel. Syst. 1. 518.

Eniconetta
A nas dlspar

Anas

Stelleri

Pall. Spic. Zool. V. p. 35,

tab. 5.

Polysticta Stelleri

Eyton, Hist. R. Brit. Birds,

Macropus

Nuttall, Orn.

79.
Stelleri

by

2.

451.

Bonap. Syn. 344.

Fuligula Stelleri

Kamschatka, and do not appear to

A pair were shot in Oster Gothland, in Sweden, and are figured by Sparman.
Another was killed in
the British Isles. Nothing is known of the anatomy of this beautiful
First discovered

Steller, in

stray far from their native place.

species.

KAMPTORHYJSCHUS LABRADORUS.

Dorso, primariis,
fascia
Fem. Capite, mento, coUoque cinereo

Kamp. Mas.
atris.

Kamp.
obscuris.

collo,

occipitali,

subtusque,

dorso aUsque

109

PIED DUCK.
Male duck, with the back, primaries, neck,

occipital fascia,

and

below black.
Fern, duck, with the head, chin,

and neck cinereous

the back and

wing dark.
IN.

Length
Bill

Tarsi

Male
white

IN.

Outer toe

21^
1|

Middle
Inner

1^

toe

2f
2^
2

toe

head, neck, breast, scapulars, wing coverts, and secondaries

crown, a collar round the neck, belly, back,

quills, and a streak

on the occiput, black.
Fern. about one inch shorter than the male head, chin, and
neck ashy grey back and wings brownish slate-colour below ashy
legs in both sexes deep brown, with the webs black bill black, with
the base and edges of the mandibles orange.
;

Fuligula Labrador a

Bonap. Syn. 337.

Anas Lahradora
RhyncTiaspis Lahradora
Pied Duck

Wils. Am. Orn.pl. 69, Jig. 6.

Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 121.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 282.
Lath. Oen. Syn. iii. p. 497.

Camtolaimus

G. R. Gray.

Found most
tinent,

plentifully on the western side of the American Conand occasionally on the eastern. Nothing is known of its

nidification.

Wilson gives the following description of the trachea: "The

windpipe of the male measures ten inches in length, and has four
enlargements, viz., one immediately below the mouth at the interval
of an inch it then bends largely down to the breast bone, to which
it adheres by two strong muscles, and has at that place a thu-d expansion it then becomes flattened, and, before it separates into the lungs,
has a foui-th enlargement much gi*eater than the former, which is
bony and round, puffing out from the left side. The bill of this species
differs much in form from any in the family, being broad and thin at
the tip, and having the lamellae more elongated."
;

CALLICHEN CARYOPHYLLACEUM.
Oal.

Fuscum, capite colloque caryophyUaceis.

;;

no
PINK-HEADED POCHARD.
Fuscous pochard,

v.itli

the head and neck pink.

IN.

IN.

Length

21

Head and neck

the back

brown

2|-

bright pink, the latter with a black streak

down

lower part of the neck, flanks, back, and abdomen umbei-

speculum ferruginous

Bill

Anas

bill

orange

legs lead-coloured.

Lath. Ind. Oni.

Lath. Syn. Suj).

866.
276.
Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 207.

caryopliyllacea

Pink -headed Duck

Fidiyida caryophyUacea

2.

1.

Inhabits several parts of India. Fev/ specimens have been brought

We

to this country.

only

know

of two at present existing

our collection, the other in the British

one

is

in

Museum both were purchased

;

at the sale of the late Colonel Cobbe's collection.

CALLICHEN RUFINUM.
colloque anteriore castaneis
Capite
Cal, Fern. Brunnea-cinerea, occipite obscuro.

Cal.

Mas.

cristato,

subtus

obscurus, lateribus albis.

RED-CRESTED POCHARD.
Male duck, with the head

crested, and, together with the anterior

below obscure, ^vith the flanks white.
cinereous brown duck, with the occiput dark.

part of the neck, chestnut

Fern.

IN.

IN

21

Length
Bill

2i
If

Tarsi

Inner

Outer toe

If
2^

Middle

2^

toe

......

.*.

toe

head and upper part of the neck chestnut, the former

crested lower part of the neck, breast, and belly dirty brownish
black sometimes with a few of the feathers slightly tipped %vith white
back light brown shoulders, and a large spot on the flanks, white

Male

tail feathers

and

quills cinereous;

nail whitish horn-colour

Fern.

rump

black;

legs and toes red

slightly smaller than the

the crown darker

bill

male

bill

red, with the

webs black.

light cinereous brown, with

the throat and sides of the neck dark cinereous

and legs reddish brown.

Ill
CalUchcn rujinus

Brehm.Hand.der.Natt.aller,

Anas rufina

Omel. Syst. 1. 541.

Lath, Lid. Orn. 2. 870.

Vo. Beat. 924.

Anas capite rufo major

Canard siffleur, Hiq^pe
Red-crested Pochard

Mergoides rufina

RalL Si/n. 140.

Ba(f. Ols. 9. 282.
Temm. Man. 2. 8C4.
Lath. Oen. Syn. 6. 554.
Eyton^ Hist. R. Brit. Birds,
11.

Trachea

Linn. Trans. Vol.15, tah. 15,

fij-'^'

Inhabits the eastern portions of the north of Europe, and migrates

Hungary, Austria, and Turkey, and the great

never found on the sea. Such is the account
the bird before us and we are not aware that

to the Caspian Sea, to

Lakes

of Switzerland

Temminck

gives of

anything besides
places or nest.

is

known concerning it,

Colonel Sykes says

either as regards its breeding

rare in the Deccan.

it is

FULIGULA VALISNERIA.

Dorso albo atro undulato

castaneo capistroque
Fern. Capite,
pectoreque obscuris subtus

Fu. Mas.
atro.
Fic.

collo

collo,

alba.

CANVAS-BACKED POCHARD.
Male pochard, with the back white, barred with black; neck
chestnut

collar black.

Fern, pochard, with the head, neck, and breast obscure

below

white.
IN.

Length
Bill

Male

24
2-1

IN.

Tarsi

Middle

a band round the base of the

bill

If
3 l-5th

toe

top of the head, lower

part of the neck and throat, rump, and tail coverts black

head
neck reddish chestnut; back, scapulars, wing coverts, tip of
secondaries, and flanks white, barred with narrow bands of black
brown primaries bro^vn, darkest at their tips belly white bill
;

legs blackish brown.

and
the

and
and

112
somewhat smaller than the male

Fern,

the head, neck, and breast ferruginous

edged with the same

brown, with the sides of

scapulars and under plumage
;

back and coverts brown, undulated with dirty

v/liite.

Anas

Wils. 8. 103.

valisneria

^:>Z.

70,/. 5.

Bonap. Syn. N. 338.

Faun. Bo. Am. 2.^;. 451.

Fidigula valisneria

Steph. Sh. Zool. p. 196.

According to Dr. Kichardson, this bird breeds in the fur countries

from the 50th parallel to their most arctic limits. They arrive in the
United States about the middle of October, frequenting the Bay of
Chesapeak, the Sounds and Bays of North Carolina, and the coast of
Mexico. The canvas-backed duck may be distinguished from the
following at once by its greater size and the superior length of the
bill
it is said to be most delicious food.
Of this, however, we have
considerable doubts
none of the other species contained in this
;

genus, or even

among

the Fuligidina, are so.

FULIGULA FERINA.

Capite, colloque, castaneis

Brunnea subtus alba.

Fu. Mas.
Fu. Fem.

nuUo

speculo.

RED-HEADED POCHARD.
Male pochard, with the head and neck chestnut

the speculum

wanting.

Fem. brown

below white.
IN.

Length

IN.

Breadth of
Middle toe

19

Bill

1|

nail.

3-16ths

2|

Male head and neck chestnut breast, upper part of the back,
and rump black remainder of the back, wing coverts, thighs, flanks,
and scapulars white, undulated with black quills and tail grey bill
and legs lead-coloured, the former with the tip black.
Fem. rather smaller than the male head and neck reddish
brown below white back similar to the male, but more obscure.
;

Young

similar to the female.

113
Fully ulaferina

Stejih. Sh, Zool, 1.193.

Linn. Syst. 1. 203.
Gmel. Syst. 1. 530.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 862,
Gmel. Syst. 515.
Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 863.
Boie in Brehm. Hand, der
Nat. aller, Vo. Dent. 920.
Flem. Brit. An. 121.

Anas ferina

Anas rufa

Ay thya ferina
Nyroca ferina
Pochard^

Red-headed

or

A rot. Zool. 2. 491.

Buff. Ois. 216.
Vieill^ En. Meth. Orn. 1. 132.

Pochard
MiUouin
Le canard a cou roux

Penn.

Le

Vieill,En.Meth. Orn.l.l^Q.
Linn. Trans, vol. 4, ^aft. 14,

millouin

Trachea

fig. 3, 4.

Common on

the European and British coasts during winter.

have also received

habitation, but it

The

from India.

it

is

We

sea appears to be its true

occasionally found frequenting fresh

when

water,

makes its nest on the

borders of rivers, laying twelve eggs of a greenish -white colour, and
generally within the arctic circle.
particularly in the breeding season,

it

FULIGULA AMERICANA.
Fu.

Similis precedenti, sed rostrum

ungue

latiore.

AMERICAN POCHARD.
Pochard

like the preceding,

but the

bill

with the nail broader.

IN.

Length
Bill
It is

IN,

Breadth of nail

19^

Tarsi

If

\
1^

not without considerable diffidence that we have placed this

We have, however, examined

and find the following distinctions

bird as a distinct species from F. ferina.

a very large
to hold

number

good both

of specimens,

in

young and

old birds.

The

bill in

the present

species is shorter than in F. ferina, the nail broader, and the whole

In form the nail is much more rounded at the

more rounded immediately above the nostrils, and not

bird rather larger.

sides, the bill

so deeply channelled in the centre

the culmen.

also broader

measuring across

Bouap.
Faun. Bo. Am. vol.
American authors.

Fuligula Americana
Fuligulaferiua

Red-headed Pochard

2,

pA52.

Inhabits North America.

FULIGULA MARILLA.

Capite colloque nigris; dor so scapularibusque

nigro lineato.
Fu. Fein. Brimnea, cingulo albo basim rostri cingente.

albis

Fu. Mas.

SCAUP DUCK.
Male duck, mth the head and neck black

the back scapulars

white, lineated with black.

Fern.

brown duck, mth

a white

band surrounding the base

of the

bill.

IN.

IN.

20

Length

li
1^

Bill

Tarsi

Male

Breadth of nail

3-lOths

Inner

1 9-lOths

toe

Middle

head and neck black, with purplish

2|

toe

inflections

back and

scapulars greyish white, finely and transversely lineated with black

small wing coverts, primaries, and greater wing coverts deep brown,
the former sprinkled with light brown; secondaries (forming the

speculum), belly, and flanks pure white lower part of the back and
deep brown bill, head, and legs lead-coloured feet the same,
;

tail

with the webs darker

irides yellow.

brown, with a white band

surrounding the base of the bill, and expanding on the cheeks the
back and scapulars sprinkled Avith specks of light brown.

Fem.

nearly equal in size to the male

Fuligula marilla
Anas marilla

Fuligula Gcsneri
Nyroca marilla

Scaup Duck
White-faced DucJc

Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 198.

Linn. Syst. 1. 196.

Omel. Syst. 1. 509.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. S53.
Raii, Syn. 142. A. 6.
Fleni. Brit. An. 122.
Penn. Brit. Zool. 2. 275.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 493.
Son. Brit. Mis. t. 62.

115
Le Miloidan

Buf.

Ols. 9. 221.

Vieill,

En. Method. Orn.

1.

En. Method. Orn.

1.

152.

Le canard a

bee cercle

Vieill,

144.

Trachea

Linn. Trans,
Jig.5,e.

vol.

4:,

tab. 14,

Met with in the same localities as Fidigulaferina., breeding near

the arctic circle, and laying from five to eight greenish eggs.

FULIGULA AFFINIS.
Fu. Precedenti simUis, sed

rostro breviore et

ungue angustiore

armato.

AMERICAN SCAUP.
Duck

like the preceding,

a narrower

but with the biU shorter, and armed with

tail.

IN.

Length

IN.

Breadth of nail...

19
1 3-5ths

Bill

Tarsi

l-5th
1 l-5th

The above bird may be distinguished from the preceding, in both

by the following comparative marks
total length less
bill
shorter, and not so broad; naU much narrower, and not so much

sexes,

rounded at

its sides

tarsi shorter.

Scaup Duck of American authors.

Fuligula

affinis nobis.

Inhabits North America.

This

is

another bird of which we have entertained considerable

doubts as to the propriety of making

it into a species
the above disthrough all the specimens Ave have examined
to be constant.
It is a curious fact that most of the water ducks*
(FuligulincB) of North America and Europe should be all distinct,
while those land ducks (Anatince) and the mergansers (MerginmJ
should, in a great measure, be identical. We can only attribute it to
their being endowed with a greater power of wing, and to the former
(FuligulincB) following the sea coast in their migrations, and probably
:

tinctions, however, appear

We have never examined the eiders of

North America.

116
performing it by shorter flights, consequently being less liable, if I
may be allowed the expression, to lose their road.
if the theory we have
It is, however, yet a question whether
advanced in the introductory chapter of this work prove true they

vnU. not eventually take the

rank of varieties.

FULIGULA RUFITORQUES.

subtus albus, lateribus

capistro castaneo.
Fu. Fern. Brunnea, fronte subtusque
Fu. Mas.

^Ater

cinereo

undulatis

albis.

RING-NECKED POCHARD.
Male
reous

black duck

below white, the sides undulated with cine-

collar chestnut.

Fem.

brown duck,

v/ith

the forehead and below white.

IN.

IN.

20^

Length

Inner

Bill

li

Middle

Tarsi

1^

Outer

Male

head purplish black

glossed v/ith green inflections

1|

toe

2 3-lOths

toe

2 2-5ths

toe

back, neck, and breast purplish brown,

;

belly white

flanks mottled with

grey-brown primary coverts light grey bill and legs

deep lead-colour, the former crossed with a band of greenish behind
the nail the base also surrounded with a narrow band of the same
black

tail

head slightly crested.

upper plumage dark brown, edged on the top of the head,
scapulars, and breast with chestnut flanks chestnut biU, throat,
and belly greyish white, speclded Avith brown vent dark brown.

colour

Fem.

Young

similar to the female.

Bonap. Si/n.p. 393,

Fuligula rujitorques

A^.

341.

This species was found by Dr. Richardson in the fur countries

during winter; they frequent the rivers and estuaries of North
America.

The above

bird appears to hold an intermediate station between

F, cristata and F. marilla

the

crest is smaller than in the former,

;;

117
The female may be distinguished from
by the greater extent of the triangular space
the upper part of the base of the bill, and from that of Cristata by

and larger than

in the latter.

the female of the latter

at
its

larger dimensions.

FULIGULA CRISTATA.

Supra
Fu. Fem. Mare

Fu. Mas.

ater, capite cristato

similis,

subtus albus.

sed minore crista.

TUFTED POCHARD.
Male pochard above black, with the head crested below white.
Female similar to the male, but with the crest smaller.
:

IN.

Length
Bill

Male

IN.

Tarsi

13

2f

Middle

If
2|

toe

head and crest (which is long) black, glossed with violet

part of the plumage, glossy brown-black; the
scapulars undulated with narrow bars of whitish below, together
:

back, and upper

with the speculum, white

feet

bill

lead-coloured, with the nail black

and legs black.

Fem.

similar to the male, but not so glossy,

and with the

crest

smaller.

Fuligula cristata

Anas cristata
Anas fuligula

Aythya

cristata

Anas scandiaca
Tufted Duck
Lapmark Duck

Morillon
Le canard brun
Le canard acrete

Steph. 8h. Zool. 12. 190.

Raii^ Syn. 142^.
Linn, Syst. 1. 207.
Omd. Syst. 1. 542.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 869.
Brehm. Hand, der Nat. aller,
Vo. Deut. 916.
Omel. Syst. 1, 520.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 859.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 573.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 676.
Buff. Ois. 9. 227.
Buff' Ois. 9. 252.
Vieilly En. Method. Orn. 1.
143.

winter visitant in the British Isles;

is

found also in Asia,

migrating northwards to breed. In America this bird is not found,

place being supplied by the preceding species. Nothing is known

its

of its nidification.

118

NYROCA MELANOCEPHALA.
Ni/.

Brumiea, capite colloqne

atris.

BLACK-HEADED POCHAED.
A'^ij.

Brown, with the head and neck black.

IN.

IN.

13

Length

Bill

Under parts

light silvery-grey

each side at the base

Middle

toe

bill black,

with a yellow spot on

Eyton.

Fuligula nigroceps

Hab.

head and neck black, the remainder brown.

Nyroca melunocephala
Atra

Metatarsi

Vieill.

Merrem.

capilla

Chili.

NYROCA AUSTRALIS.
Ny.

Proximo

majore.

similis, sed

AUSTKALIAN POCHAED.
Duck

like the next, but larger.

IN.

IN.

Inner

21

Length,

toe

Bill

1^

Middle

Tarsi

1^

Outer toe

toe

2f
2|-

So extremely like Nyroca leucopthalmtis, that as far as colouring

goes one description wiU serve. The greater size, much larger and
robust bill, and the bill being deep lead- coloured, with a fascia of
lighter across just behind the nail, as well as being destitute of the

white spot on the chin, serve to distinguish

Ny roca

Aust rails

Goidd,

it.

MSS.

Our specimen was obtained from Mr. Gould, who received

it

from

Australia.

NYROCA LEUCOPTHALMUS.

Ferrugineus
Ny, Fern. Mare

Ny, Mas.

iridibus,

speculo,

albis.

similis,

sed obscurior.

mentoque macula,

119

WHITE-EYED DUCK.
Male

ferruginous duck, with the eyes, speculum, and patch on

the chin, white.

Fern, like the male, but darker.

IN.

Length

Exp.

IN.

17^
26

al(B

1^

Bill

Tarsi

1^

Middle
Inner

2^
If

toe

toe

Male bright reddish chestnut, with a collar round the neck

brown speculum, a spot on the chin, and under parts pui'e white
the back and wings in some specimens inclining to brownish bill and
:

legs lead-coloured

Fern.

irides white.

similar, but with the colours

Nyroca leucopthalnms
Anas Africana

more obscure,

Flem. Brit. An. 121.

Gmel. Syst. 1. 522.
Lath. liid. Orn. 2. 875.
Omel. Syst. 1. 542.
Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 869.
Omel. Syst. 1. 528.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 866.
Boie i?i Brelim. Hand. der.
Nat. aller, Vo. Dent. 918.
Lath. Syn. 6. 555.
Penn. Brit. Zool. 2. 601.

Anas nyroca
Anas ferruginea
Aythya nyroca
African Teal
Ferruginous Duck

Rare as the occurrence of this bird is in the British Isles, it is not

in some parts of France, HoUand, and Germany, and is
found also in India and North America. Mons. Temminck informs
us in his Manual that it constructs its nest by the sides of rivers and

uncommon

morasses, laying eight or

ten white eggs,

slightly

tinged

with

greenish.

NYROCA BRUNNEA.
Ny. Mas.
castaneis

Obscurus,

capite

cristato

genis coUoque

inferiore

dorso brunneo.

Ny. Fem.

Mare

genisque line a

albis.

similis, sed

mento basoque

rostri fascia cincta,

;;
;

120

BROWN POCHARD.
Male obscure duck, ^vitll the head slightly crested the cheeks
and lower parts of the neck chestnut the back brown.
Fern, duck similar to the male, but with the chin and the base of
the bill suiTounded with a fascia and the cheeks with a white line.
;

IN.

Length

IN.

20

Outer

toe

Bill

If

Middle

Tarsi

If

Inner

2^

toe

2f
If

toe

Male sooty black, with the head slightly crested and glossy
and back inclining to olive brown, and speckled with light
brown and white wing- spot white cheeks deep chestnut, which
colour extends for some distance down the neck chin black bill
:

flanks

blueish lead-colour
Fern.

legs the same.

as in the male, but with a circle

round the base of the bill

a line from the eye to the lower part of the throat, and the tips of

all

the feathers below, white.

Nyroca brunned

nobis.

own collection, and were reSpecimens are also in the South

African Museum, brought home by Dr. Andrew Smith.
Specimens of

this species are in our

ceived from Southern Africa.

HARELDA

GLACIALIS,

Capite coUoque albis macula auricular!

Ha. Fem. Brunnea gutture macula alba ornata.

Ha. Mas.

brunnea

ornata.

LONG-TAILED DUCK.
Male duck, with the head and neck white, with a brown auricular
patch.

Fem. brown duck

the throat with a white patch.

IN.

Length

22

IN.

Inner

toe

Bill

1^

Middle

Tarsi

1^

Outer

Male

toe

toe

1|

2^
2^

head and neck white, with an auricular brown spot

and outer tail feathers, white

scapulars and tertiaries, abdomen,

121

wing and middle tail feathers, brown (during summer

the plumage becomes more obscure, and similar to that of the
female ;) middle tail feathers and tertiaries much elongated
bill
black, with a band of red
legs and toes yellow, with the membranes
breast, back,

dusky.

Fem.

without the long

tail

and tertiary feathers

darkest on the back, the edge of the feathers lightest

dark brown,
throat with a

large patch, and the under parts light grey.

The young

similar to the female.

Harelda glacialis
Anas glacialis

Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 175.

Linn. Syst. 1. 203.
Gtnel. Syst. 1. 529.

Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 864.

Linn. Syst. 202. 29.
Omel. Syst. 529. 29.
Raii, Syn. 145. 14.

Anas hyemalis

Anas caudata harelda

Querquedula ferroensis

.........

Anas longicauda islandica

Long-tailed Duck
Canard a longequeue
Canard de midon

....

Briss. Orn. 6. 466.

Briss. Orn. 7. 299.
Penn. Brit. Zool. 2. 599.
Buff. Ois. 9. 202.
Buff. x)l' Enl. 1008.
Vieill,

En. Method. Orn.

1.

129.
Sarcelle de ferroe

Buff. Ois. 9. 278.

UAngletashe

Vieill,

En. Method. Orn.

1.

134.

Mont. Orn. Diet. Sup.Jig.

Trachea

Linn. Trans,
SO,yig. 3,4.

An

inhabitant of the arctic regions, not migrating farther south

than the northern part of Scotland

its

12.

vol. 4, tab.

nest of grass and sea

We

blueish colour.

weed

breeds on the sea coast, making

lays generally about eight eggs of a

have given an account of the trachea under the

genus Hareld<t.

CLANGULA HISTRIONICA.

Capite atro macula utrinque

Fem. Brunnea; capite macuUs

Clang. Mas.

ante oculari auricu-

larique albis.

Clang.

mare

albis

obscuris ornatis

similibus.

HARLEQUIN DUCK.
.Male duck, with the head black
eyes,

and on the

ears, white.

a spot on each side before the

122
brown duck, with marks on the head similar

Fern,

to the male,

but obscure.
IN.

IN.

Inner

16^

Length

If

toe

Bill

Middle

Tarsi

li

Outer toe

toe

2f
2^

between the base of the bill and the eye is a

triangular patch of white, with the small end towards the bill, from
the upper corner of which a streak varying in intensity proceeds over
the eye to the occiput back of the neck black, with an elongated
white streak on each side throat and upper part of the neck shining
collar and a streak extending
violet-black an auricular patch white
wing
round
the front of the breast to
nearly from the point of one
that of the other, wing coverts, and tertiaries, white ; breast, belly,
wing-spot
tail and wings dark umber-brown
and vent brown
purple ; bill and legs lead-coloured, tipped with red irides hazel.
Fem. brown, with the margins of the feathers paler a spot
between the base of the bill and the eye, and an auricular one,
whitish belly and vent white, blotched with brown rather smaller
than the male.

Male

crown black

Clangula histrionica

Sh. Zool.

StepTi.

1.

180.

Eyton, Hist. R. Brit. Birds,

84.

Anas

Lynn. Syst.

histrionica

Gmel.
Linn.
Gmel.
Omel.
Penn.

Anas minuta
Anas torquata
Harlequin Duck
Dusky and Spotted Duck
Le canard a collier de

Edw.

......

1. 204.
Syst. 1. 534.
Syst. 1. 204.
Syst. 1. 534.
Syst. 1. 514.
Arct. Zooh 2. 490.
Olea, pi. 99.

terre

neuve

250.
2. 878.
La sarcelle brun et blanche..,. Buff. Ois. 9. 287.
Le canard de terre neuve
VieiU, En. Method. Orn.

Buff. Ois.

Canard a

collier

Le canard

ou histrion

...

histrion

9.

Temm. Man.

VieiU,

En. Method. Orn.

1.

146.

Inhabits the northern regions of both the American and European

Continents.

few specimens have

Orkney and the northern

islands

female lays ten white eggs.

been occasionally killed in

migrates northwards to breed

the

123

CLANGULA ALBEOLA.
macula
Capite coUoque
occipite extendente.
Clang. Fern. Atra-fusca alba macula genis.
Clang. Mas.

atris

alba

suboculari

SPIRIT DUCK.
Male duck, with the head and neck black
ing below the eye to the occiput.
Fern.

a white patch extend-

sooty black duck, with a white patch on each side of the

head.
IN.

IN.

Length

16

Middle

li
4

Bill

Male

Tarsi

1%
toe

head and upper part of the neck rich purple-green, with a

back
and scapulars black tail and quiUs hoary black greater wing coverts
white secondaries black, above which is another white patch formed
by the tertiary coverts legs and toes orange webs black bill lead:

large white patch extending from below the eye to the occiput
;

coloured.
Fern.

brown

smaUer than the male

feathers blackish gi*ey

orange

head and plumage dark blackish

the fore part of the neck, side of the breast, flanks, and vent

breast and belly white, tinged with brownish

much narrower than

and scapulars blackish brown

the white band on the ears and occiput

in the male, and obscure

lesser coverts

bin and feet brownish.

Anas

albeola

Anas Bucephala
Anas

hyl)erna

Querquedula Ludoviciana

Anas

rustica

Sareelle de la Caroline
Sarcelle blanche et noir ou la
religeuse

Petit canard a grosse tete

Buffle-headed Duch

Linn. Syst. 1. 199.

Omel. Syst. 1. 517.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 866.
Linn. Syst. 1. 200.
Gmel. Syst. 1. 521.
Briss. Orn. 6. 349.
Briss. Orn. 6. 349.
lAnn. Syst. 1. 201.
Omel. Syst. 1. 524.
Buff. Ois. 9. 286.

Buf.

Ois.9. 284.
Buff. Ois. 9. 249.
Catesh. Carol. 1. pi. 96.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 48&.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 532.

124
Little

brown Duok

Catesb. Carol. 1. pi. 98.

Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 534.

Vieilli En. Method. Orn.

Le cmard Lhoora

1.

134.

An abundant species on the fresh water lakes of arctic America,

where nidification is perfected their nests are made in hollow trees
contiguous to water. During autumn and winter they are found over
a considerable portion of North America.
;

CLANGULA BARROVII.

Capite colloque superiore atro genis lunata fascia

Clang. Fem. Vulgari
sed singulo albo
Clang. Mas.

ornatis.

collo.

similis,

BAREOW'S DUCK.
Male clangula, with the head and upper part of the neck black
the cheeks ornamented with a lunate fascia.

Fem.

similar to the female of Clangula vulgaris, but with a white

collar.
IN.

IN.

Length

22^

Bill

1 7-12ths

Tarsi

1 7-12ths

Middle

2^

toe

1 5.12ths

Outer toe

head and upper part of the neck black, with purple and
a crescent-shaped patch from the gape to
the crown below, lesser wing coverts, tips of the scapulars, and

Male

metallic green inflections

greater coverts, together with the outer secondaries, white

tail

lateral

coverts brown; bill lead-coloured; legs and feet orange, the

webs black.
Fem. very similar to the female of Clan, mdgaris, but rather
larger with a white ring round the middle of the neck, and the back
:

of a darker colour.

Clangula Barrovii

Faun. Bo. Am.

2.

415.

Gould, Birds of JSurope.

The

is North America, in the neighRocky Mountains, where it was discovered by Dr.

true habitat of this species

bourhood

of the

Richardson.

A single individual has since

by T. C. Atkinson, Esq., and a female

been obtained from Iceland

is

in our

own

collection.

125
Brisson, in his " OrnitLologie," pi. 37, Hg.

2, vol. C,

bird in mistake for Clang ula vulgaris, quoting for

it

has figured this

the synonyms of

Willoughby (whose plate is that of C. vulgaris) and of Linnaeus. The

specimen from which his description and plate is taken was in the
he does not, however, say from whence
collection of M. de Keaumur
;

obtained.

CLANGULA VULGARIS.
Clang. Mas.

Clang.

Alba macula rotundata suboculari

Capite coUoque superiore brunneis.

et speculo albo.

Fem.

COMMON GOLDEN

EYE.

Male duck, with a white spot under the eye, and wing- spot white.
Fem. duck, with the head and upper part of the neck brown.
IN.

Length

Tarsi

19

1^

Middle

11

Bill

Male

IN.

toe

....

2 7-lOths

head and upper part of the neck green, with purple inflecremainder of the neck, belly, breast, greater wing coverts,
and a spot below the eye, white back, rump, lesser wing and tail
coverts black ; quills and tail black legs, toes, and bill lead-coloured
irides golden yellow.
Fem. with the head and upper part of the neck brown back,
wings, and tail dusky slate-colour; wing-spot white; bill leadcoloured, with a yellowish band round the nail.
tions

Anas clangula

Anas glaucion

Legarrot
Clangula vulgaris
Clangula ehrysopthalmus
Canard garrot
Golden Uye
Trachea

Linn. Syst. 1. 201.

Gmel. Syst. 1. 523.
Raii, Syn. 142 A.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 867.
Linn. Syst. 1.401.
Gmel. Syst. 1. 525.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 868.
Buff. Ois.9.222.
Flem. Brit. An. 120.
Steph. Sh. Zool, 12. 182,

Temm. Man.

2.

870.

Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 276.

Linn. Trans, vol. 4, tah. 15,
fig.

1-5.

Breeds in the arctic regions, but regularly migrates southwards

is found commonly in Europe, frequenting both fresh

during winter

126
and sea water, but more commonly the latter during the breeding
season, however, they are stated by travellers to frequent exclusively
fresh water, making their nest on the shores of lakes and rivers in
the fur countries, and laying from seven to ten white eggs.
;

CLANGULA AMERICANA.
Clang. Mas.

Clangula vulgari

sed majore.

similis,

AMERICAN GOLDEN EYE.

Male clangula, similar

to the

common

golden eye, but larger.

IN.

IN.

Length

21

Bill

Very

like the

common golden

spot at the base of the

and

bill

more

Tarsi

Middle

2|

toe

eye of Europe, but larger, with the

ovate,

and the

bill

longer, broader,

stouter.

MS8.

Clangula Americana

Bonap,

Common Golden Eye

Nutt. Orn.

2.

441.

It is even now doubtful whether or not many of the birds of

There is, however,
North America are distinct from our own.
between many of them found enough of distinction for the practised
eye of an ornitholgist to say with certainty, this bird is North
American this European.

THALASSORNIS LEUCONOTUS.
ITial.

ciato,

Corpore

colloque ferrugineis

illo

atro transversim fas-

dorsoque imo albo.

FASCIATED DUCK.
Duck, with the body and neck ferruginous; the former transversely fasciated with black, and the lower part of the back white.
IN.

IN.

Length

Inner

18

Bill

It

Middle

Tarsi

If

Outer toe

Head, upper part

of the back,

across each feather dull

brown

toe

2|

toe

2^

and flanks black the tip and a bar

wing coverts black, barred with
;

127
neck light-yellowish brown belly rather darker back
and rump dirty white tail coverts and tail black, the former tipped
tail short
very old birds
with light brown
feet and bill black
have a whitish spot on each side behind the base of the bill, and
another smaller one on the chin.
ferruginous

Smith, Cat. S. Afric. Mus.

Eyton, Mon. Anat.

Clang ula leuconotus

Thalassornis

Was

in the

Museum

of the Zoological Society, said to

received from the Cape of

Good Hope

also in

my

have been

collection.

The bill in this species approaches in form to that of Biziura,

Since we described the above, under another name, we have seen the
specimens brought home by Dr. Smith from the Cape, and now
As our specific appellation was not published, we have
exhibiting.
therefore adopted his.

BIZIURA LOBATA.

Biz. Fern. Mare

Ater, albo transversim et minute fasciatus

mandibula inferiore caruncula compressa.

Biz. Mas.
neis

similis,

alls

brun-

sed caruncula caret.

LOBATED DUCK.
Male, black duck, minutely and transversely lineated with white

wings

bro'^vn

Fem duck

inferior mandibles with a

similar to the male, but without the caruncle.

IN.

Length

IN.

Inner

33

toe

Bill

1|

Middle

Tarsi

Outer toe

Male

compressed caruncle.

toe

3f
3^

crown and upper part of the back of the neck black, occa-

sionally speckled with whitish

rump, and under

tail

back, lower part of the neck, flanks,

coverts deep glossy black, each feather trans-

versely streaked with one or two narrow lines of white or light

brown wings and tail sooty black remainder grey or silvery white
and legs lead-coloured, the former with a large compressed
caruncle on the lower mandible.
Fem. smaller than the male, but in colour similar without the
;

bill

caruncle.

128
Bizmra Novce HollanduB

Steph. Sh. Zool. 12. 222.

Temm. PI. En, N. 68.
Shaw, Nat. Mis. S. pi. 255.
Lath. Oen. Syn. Sup. %p. 349.
Vieill, En. Method. Orn. 356.

Hydrohates lohatus

Anas lohata
Lohated Duck
Le canard caroncule
All that is
in

known

of the habits of this curious bird is contained

a short notice by Lieutenant Breton,

R.N., inserted in

the

Zoological Proceedings for 1834, p. 19, from which we extract the

' He (Lieutenant Breton) stated that these bii'ds are so
following
:

extremely rare that he saw only three of them during his various
excursions, wliich extended over twelve hundi-ed miles of country.
He has never heard of any instance in which more than two were
seen together. They are only met with on the rivers and in pools
the otherwise dry beds of streams. They are extremely difficult
The
to shoot on account of the readiness with wliich they dive.
left in

instant the trigger is di'awn the bird is under water."

ERISMATURA MACCOA.
Eris.

Brunnea, gutture lineaque infra oculos

albis.

MACCOA DUCK.
Brown

duck, with the throat and a streak below the eye dirty

white.
IN.

14

Length

li

Bill

Back
the same

IN.

Tarsi

If
2^

Outer toe

black, barred with ferruginous

flanks brown, barred with

brown head dark brown, undulated with ferruginous

chin and streak from the bill below the eye to the occiput whitish
grey below silvery grey, undulated with brown bill lead-coloured
;

tail

legs with a tinge of gi*eenish

Oxyura Maccoa
Erismatura

speculum none.
Smith, Cat. S. Afric, Mus.
Eyton, Mon. Anat.

is in our collection, brought home from the Indian

Except from the difference in locality, we should have supposed this bird to have been the young of Oxyura rubida. Since
writing the above we have seen a specimen brought home by Dr
Smith, and have adopted his name.

Isles.

specimen

129

*^

ERISMATURA UNIFASCIATA.
Eris,
Eris.

Atra brimnea
Black, irrorated with brown.
strigatis.

IN.

Length

IN.

13^
11

Bill

Metatarsi

Middle

2|

toe

Crown of the head and cheeks dark brown throat, and a distinct
mark just below the eye to the occiput and throat, white, slightly
dappled with brown back of the neck, back, and upper tail coverts
black, minutely irrorated with brown
lower tail coverts white
tail
;

and

quills black above,

grey on the under surfaces.

"*!<

Erismatiira unifasciata nobis, '^^"^

Purchased from a dealer, and ticketed Persia, October

Hab.

8,

1840.

ERISMATURA FERRUGINEA.
Eris,

Ferruginea, capite

atro.

FERRUGINOUS DUCK.
Male, ferruginous duck, with the head black.
IN.

Length

IN.

17^
1^

Bill

Tarsi

1^

Centre toe

2f

Male deep ferruginous, with the head and upper part of the
neck black qudlls and tail brown vent and belly silvery ash, tinged
:

wth

ferruginous.

Erismatura ferruginea,

'^,/
/
'

The only specimen we

Museum, obtained from Chili.

Closely allied to Erismatura Australis.

have seen

is

in the British

Erismatura ferruginea

nohis.

ERISMATURA LEUCOCEPHALA.
Eris, Mas.

Vertice atro
Mare

Eris. Fern.

similis,

subtus castaneus

reliquo albo.

sed coloribus obscuris.

130

WHITE-HEADED DUCK.
Male duck, with the crown black

remamder

of the

head white

below chestnut.
Fern, similar, but with the markings obscure.
IN.

IN.

Length

17

>

Inner

Bill

II

Centre toe

Tarsi

1#

O titer

Male

crown black

2|
2|
2-

toe

toe

remainder of the head pure white

body
silvery brown, tinged with ferruginous on the breast, flanks, and
back,
on the latter irrorated with black tail and wings bro-wn no
wing-spot legs and bill lead-coloured, the latter more taper at the
base than is usual in the genus.
Fern.
similar to the male, but with the colours not so distinct.
:

Anas

Gmel. Syst.

1. 516.
Orn. 2. 858.
Gouldy Birds of Europe.
Gmel. Syst. 1. 520.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 478.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 478.

leucocephala

Latli.

Clndina leucocephala

Anas mersa
White-headed Duck
(Tral

Duch

La Macreuse

de Russie

VieiU,

Le canard Ural

Vieill,

I'ncl.

En. Method. Orn 1 140.

En. Method. Orn.1.127.
.

Inhabits the eastern portions of Europe

occasionally found

during migration in Austria and Hungary.

ERISMATURA RUBIDA.

Brunnea,
Eris. Fem. Mare

Eris. Mas.

capite

supra,

fronte,

et

occipite

atris

genis mentoque albis.

similis,

sed coloribus obscuris.

RUDDY DUCK.
Male, brown duck, with the upper

and occiput black

Fem,

like

j)art of

the head, the foTehead,

cheeks and chin white.

the male, but with the colours less distinct.

IN.

IN.

Length
Bill

Tarsi

Inner toe

15

Middle

2,^

14

Outer toe

15

'

toe

2h

131
Male

crown, head, and back of the neck black

brown, dotted with whitish

wings brown

and lower surface

back and

tail

throat and cheeks white

more or less with

ferruginous bill lead-coloured legs and feet brown irides hazel.
Fern.
similar to the male, but with the back part of the head
and neck inclining to brown; the throat and cheeks light slateflanks, breast,

also white, tinged

colour.

Young

similar to the female.

Erismatura ruhida

Bonup. Cat. Am. and Euroii

Anas ruhida

Birds.
Wils. Am.

Orn. 8 p.

128,

pl.lhfiy.m.
Bonap. Syn. x^' 390. N. 336.
Faun. Bo. Am. 2. 455.

Fuligula (oxyura) ruhida

ruhida
Oymnura ruhida

Nutt.

Man. Om.

2.

426.

Inhabits North America, retiring northwards to breed

frequents

fresh water in preference to the sea, according to Nuttall.

swimming they have a habit of carrying the tail

appears of the same height with the head and neck.

ERISMATURA
Eris. Mas.

Eris.

it

ATJSTRALIS.

Capite colloque
Ferruginea, fasciata

atris

Fem.

Wlien

so erect that

corpore castaneo.

et punctata atro et

bmnneo.

AUSTRALIAN DUCK.
Male duck, with the head and neck black the body chestnut.
Fem. ferruginous duck, fasciated and punctated with black and
;

brown.
15

...

IN.

IN.

IN.

Length

1|

Bill

Tarsi.

1^

Male: with the head, throat, and neck black; below with the
back dark chestnut tail, wings, and rump black, the latter irrorated
bill, feet, and
with ferruginous
under tail coverts silvery grey
;

legs lead-coloured.

Fem.

and
under surface silvery grey, slightly
and wings brown.

bro^vn, ferruginous, fasciated transversely with black

dark brown

throat light brown

tinged with brown

Oxyura

tail

AustraliSy Gould

Zool. Proc. 1836,

|>.

85.

;;

132
Inhabits Australia.

England by Lieutenant Breton

First sent to

The specimens were

from Swan River.

in the collection

of the

Zoological Societ5^

ERISMATURA DOMINICA.
Eris. Mas.

Ferrugineus, capite anteriore atro

Eris. Fern.

tendentibus

Brunuea,

lineis albis infra et

speculo albo.

per oculos, occipite

speculo mare simili.

DOMINICAN DUCK.
Male, ferruginous duck, with the head anteriorly black

the wing-

spot white.

brown duck, with a white streak through the

Fern,

another below

it

extending to the occiput

eye,

and

wing-spot as in the

male.
IN.

Length

13r^

IN.

Inner

toe

1|-

Bill

11

Mkldletoe

2;

Tarsi

Outer toe

If

Male

fore part of the

head sooty black

neck, back, scapulars, flanks, and

brown

the hind

rump ferruginous

pai't of

the

wing coverts

ashy black, with the wing-spot white tail black

and another below it, light ferruginous bill and legs lead-coloured.
Fern. with the back deep brown flanks light brown, barred with
darker
head deep brown, slightly undulated with ferruginous
under parts silvery grey, undulated with brown; a dusky white
streak passes through the eye, and another below it; wing-spot
white bill lead-coloured legs brown.
quills

throat, streak through the eye,

;

Anas Dominica

Fidigida Dominica
Querquedida Dominicensis
Anas spinosa

Anas Dominica

Linn. Syst, 1. 201.

Gmel. Syst. 1. 521.
Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 874.
Stej^h. Sh. Zool. 12. 203.
Briss. Orn, 6. 472.
Gmel. Syst. 1. 522.
Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 874.
P. Max. Bat. Nat.Braz.
938.

4.

133
Sarcelle de la Guadaloiqoe
Sarcelle a queue epineuse

i^uff. Fl. Jnl. 9SS.

de

Buff. PI. Enl. 968.

Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 554.
O. Hilly in Oosse, p. 406.

Cayenne
S'jjinous -tailed

Duck

Erismatura ortygoides

female specimen

is in

the British

Museum.

Both male and

female are in our own collection, obtained from Jamaica.

It also,

according to Prince Maximilian, inhabits Brazil.

NESONETTA AUCLANDICA.

Brunnea, dorso alisque seneo

Nes. Brown, the back and wings tinged with aeneous.
Nes.

tinctis.

Oray. Gen. An.

Nesonetta Auclandica
Mergus Australis

Homb. and
Nat.

We

have not seen this bird, but

it

An.

acq. in
15. 320.

Sc.

certainly does not belong to the

Erismat urines.

MERGUS MERGANSER.

Mer. Fem. Capite rufo

Mer. Mas. Capite colloque superiore viridibus

primoribusque atris corpore subtus albo.

scapularibus

corpore subtus cinerascenti-albo.

COMMON MERGANSER.
Male mer. with the head and upper part of the neck green
below white.
Female, with the head rufous below ashy white.

scapulars and primaries black

the

IN.

Length
Bill

IN.

29

Tarsi

Middle

1|
toe

2f

Male: head and neck deep glossy green, the former crested;
upper part of the back and scapulars black lower part of the back,
tail, and secondary coverts hoary gTey
quills and secondaries brown
tertiaries white, beautifully edged with black; bill red, with the
margins and culmen black legs, feet, and webs orange irides hazel.
Fem. head and upper part of the neck rufous bro^vn, the former
crested on the occiput throat white lower part of the neck, breast,
;

134
flanks,

and thighs, whitish ash belly and abdomen yellowish white

feet, bill, and legs as in the male, but not so bright.
;

above dark ash

Young

similar to the female.

Zlcryiis merganser

Linn.

Si/st. 1.

Haii,

S'l/n. 1.

Gmel.

208.
34.

St/St. 1.

Btiss. Orn. 6.

Merganser Raii

Mergus

castor

Mergus

rujicapillus

serratus longirostris

Gooseander

Dnndvver

LeHarlc
ferueUe

Le Blevre

...

A.

544.
231.

1.

t.

32.

Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 828.

Wils. Am. Orn. _?;?. 68.
Steph. Shaw, Zool. 12. 161.
Linn. Syst. 1. 209.
Gmel. Sgst. 1. 545.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 829.
Omel. Syst. 1. 545.
Rail, Syn. 1. 34. A. 2.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. iV^. 465.
Lath. Syn. 6. 418.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 465.
Butf. Ois.8.2Gl.
Biif. Ols.S.23Q.
Vieill, En. Method. Orn. 1.
103.

Le Harle

Vieill,

En. Method. Orn.

101.

Trachea

......

Linn. Trans,

.,

vol. 15, tab. 15,

fig.h.

Inhabits the neighbourhood of the arctic circle, breedingin Iceland,

Siberia,

Kamschatka, and the fur countries, making

its

nest of grass

near the water, and laying from ten to fourteen eggs of a yellowish
During winter, in hard weather, these birds migrate southcolour.
wards, and are found over considerable j)ortions of the Continents of

Europe, Asia, and America.

We

have also received them from Peru.

MERGUS SERRATOR.

Capite
inferiore capistro
Mer. Fem. Capite

Mer. Mas.
collo

inferiore cinereo

cristato,

hoc coUoque suijeriore viridibus

albo.

hoc coUoque superiore rufis, coUo

speculoque fascia atra diviso.

cristato,

ventre albo

RED-BKEASTED MERGANSER.
Male mer.
green

-with

the head crested, and the upper part of the neck

the inferior part with a white collar.

Fem. mer. with the head

crested, together with the upper part of

135
the neck, rufous

the inferior part cinereous

lum divided by a black

below white

specu-

bar.
IN.

IN.

20

Length
Bill

Middle

2%
2^

Tarsi

Inner toe
toe

Outer toe

2%
2^

Male head and upper part of the neck glossy greenish black, the
former crested middle of the neck with a white collar lower part of
the neck and breast ferruginous, spotted with black upper part of the
:

back, scapulars, and sides of the breast black

with a black bar across the larger ones

tail

wing coverts white,

flanks and lower

grey

part of the back white, undulated with narrow black lines

white

irides reddish

Fern.

brown

bill

head and crest brown

below

orange, with the cuhnen black.

;

remainder of the neck greyish

secondaries, abdomen, and lower part of the breast white.

Young

similar to the female.

Mergus serrator

Linn. Syst. 1. 208.

Gniel. Syst. 1. 54.5.

Lath. Lid. Orn.

2.

829.

Mergus serrator leucomelas .... Omel.

Syst. 1. 546.
Oniel. Syst. 1. 546. A.
Omel. Syst. 1. 546. B.
Briss. Orn. 6, 237. 2. t. 23.

serratus
niger
cristatus

Hed-hreasted Merganser

Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 466.

Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 423.

Le Harle, Huppe

Bnjf. Ois. 8. 273.

Bujf. Ois. 8. 277.
Temm. Man. Orn, 2.j9, 884.
Linn. Trans, vol. 4, tab.
IQ, Jig. 1,2.

Harle a manteait noir

Hiqype
Trachea
,

Inhabits nearly the same countries as the preceding, but does

not extend so far southwards

arctic circle

breeds in the neighbourhood of the

and in the Highlands

fresh water lakes,

stripped from its

of Scotland,

on the borders of

making its nest of dried herbage, lined "vvith down

own body; lays from eight to twelve eggs of a

brownish jrellow colour.

MERGUS BEAZILIANUS.
Mer.

Niger, capite coUoque viride-seneis.

136

BRAZILIAN MERGANSER.
Black merganser, with the head and neck brassy green.
IN.

IN.

Length of

hill

Tarsi

If

IN.

Middle

2^

toe

Merganser, with the head and neck glossy green; the occiput
with a long pendent crest the same the whole of the back, tail, and
wings sooty black wing-spot white, divided by a black streak under
;

surface and the lower part of the neck brown, the latter, with the
flanks,

so

minutely spotted and barred with white, the abdomen broadly

black

bill

legs and feet orange, with the webs dusky.

Mergiis Brazilianus

Le Harle a

Gal. des Oiseaux, 2.

209.
Diet. d'Hlst. Nat, 2nd edit.
14. 222.
Vieill,

Jmit brins

In the collection of the Zoological Society

evidently a

young

bird.

MEKGUS SQUAMATUS.
Mer.
Mer.

Capite cristato
Head crested
;

et capite cervoque brunneis.

crest, head,

and neck brown.

IN.

IN.

Length

23

Tail

4^

Bill

2f
10

Tarsi

Wing

Crown of the head, lengthened crest, and neck rusty brown

upper surface brownish grey tuft of feathers at the insertion of the
wing grey, passing into white near the tip, and broadly marginal,
with black about the middle of the feathers, beyond which they are
creamy white primaries very dark or blackish brown lower part of
;

the throat, and

all

the under surface, pale

bufif ;

sides of the breast,

and the whole of the flanks down to the tail, deep rich buff, with
two narrow, irregular, crescentic bands on each feather, one behind
the other, the outer one near the edge, the inner one near the.
middle a similar style of marldng pervades the space behind the
;

legs, the lower part of the back,

and upper

tail coverts,

but the

137
markings in those parts are wider and of a greyer tint, and intermingled with each other tail greyish brown, the central featherf:
freckled on their margins with greyish white.
;

Mergus squamatus

Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc.

1864. p. 184.

Non

Hab. China.

vidi.

MERGUS CUCULLATUS.
Me)\ Mas.

Capite

atro cristato

crista

alba, et

macula

trian-

gular! notata.

Mer. Fern.

Brunnea, capite cristato

gutture albo.

HOODED MERGANSER.
Male mer., with the head crested, black

crest

mth

a large tri-

angular patch of white.

brown merganser, with the head crested

Fern,

IN.

Length

1|

Tarsi

1^

Male

the throat white.

IN.

Inner

19

Bill

1^

toe

Middle

toe

head and neck glossy black, with purple and gi'een inflections, the former largely crested with long silky feathers
crest
marked with a fan-shaped patch of white, the small end placed
towards the eye, a little behind it, and extending backwards nearly
to the edge of the hood; breast and under surface white, the
former with two bands of velvet black, tapering to a point in front
of the wings
quiUs and tertiaries deep brown, the latter with white
shafts and dark edges
tail dark brown
back black flanks dark
chestnut, with narrow transverse undulated bars of black or brown
:

irides yellow

bill red.

Fem. with the crest smaller than in the male, and the feathers
not so numerous neck, back, head, crest, and wings umber-brown,
:

varying in intensity; throat white;

umber-brown

belly white

feet

lower part of the neck light

and legs

in both sexes red.

138
Young

similar to the female in colouring, but the males

may

be

distinguished by the crest being larger.

Mergus cucullatm

Linn. Syst. 1. 207.

Gmel. Syst. 1. 544.
Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 830.
LJyton, Hist.
75.

R. Brit. Birds,

Aud. Am. Orn.

3.

246.

Mergus fusGus
Hooded merganser

Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 802.

Penn. Ay^ct. Zool. 2. 467.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 426.

Round-crested Duck
Brown merganser

Catesb. Carol. 1. pi. 94.

Penn. Arct. Zool. 2nd Sup.
74.
Buff. Ois. 8. 280.

2)1. ci.

Le Harle couronne

Vieill,

En. Method. Orn.

1.

En. Method. Orn.

1.

103.

Le Harle a queue fourchue

Vieill^

105.

Rare in Europe

one or two specimens have, however, been killed

in the British Isles.

North America

is its

true habitat, over the

whole of which it appears to be found during winter. As spring

approaches the greater portion of them retire to the north, though
some remain and breed in Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and the intermediate district. It builds in holes of trees and rocks where it can
districts devoid of such localities, builds on the
find them but
;

ground on the borders of lakes, laying from

six to ten white eggs.

MEEGUS PUSILLUS.

"^ ^"'^^-

Mer. Mas. et fem. colore merganser, similis sed valdi minore.

Mer. similar to Mergus merganser, but much smaller.

LITTLE MERGANSER.
IN.

IN.

Length
Bill

23
51
2i

Metatarsus

Middle

toe

2
2f

Both male and female similar to M. merganser, but very much

Both my specimens are in adult plumage, therefore the
great difference in size is not accounted for by their being young birds.
smaller.

Hab. Amoy.

139

MERGUS

ALBELLTJS.

Supra albus, genis occipite

occipite
Fern. Subtus alba, genis

Mer Mas.

Mer.

atris

et

capite cristato.

rufis

et

capite vix

cristato.

WHITE SMEW.
Male mer. above white, with the cheeks and occiput black

head

crested.

Fern. mer. below white, with the cheeks and occiput red
head slightly crested.

Inner

17

Bill

Outer

If
2|
2

toe

Middle

If
1^

Tarsi

the

IN.

IN.

Length

toe

toe

above and below white, with a large patch on each side of

crest
the head, and another one down the back of the neck, black
white on the upper part of the breast, on each side, a bar of black,
not meeting in front
coverts, primaries, and secondaries black
tail, rump,
scapulars white, edged on their outer webs with black

Male

and upper

Fem.

tail

coverts grey

and legs lead-coloured.

bill

throat, neck, belly,

and abdomen white

and upper tail coverts ash-coloured

webs of the scapulars white.

tail,

Young

mngs

the breast, back,

grey, with the outer,

similar to the female.

Mergus

Linn. Syst. 1. 209.

Gmel. Stjst. 1. 547.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 831.
Steph: Sh. Zool. 12. 157.
Wils. Am. Orn. 8. 136.

albellus

pi. 11, Jig. 7.

Mergus mbiutus
-

Mergus Asiaticus
stellatus

Smetv

Blue merganser

Le petit Harle ou

lapiette

Linn. Syst.l. 2Q^.

Lath. Lid. Orn. 2. 832.
Gmel. Syst. 1. 548.
JBriss. Orn. 6. 252. ^jZ. 6.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. 559.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. 428.
Penn. Arct. Zool. 2. Sup. 74.
Biif. Ois. 8. 275.

140
Lepiette

Vieill,

..

En. Method. Orn.

1.

104.

Le Harle

etoile

Buff. Ois. 8. 278.

Vieill^

En. Method. Orn.

1.

105.

Trachea

Linn. Trans,

vol. 4, tah. 10,

fig- 3, 4.

Found

and Asia, but does not migrate far

southwards breeds in Siberia, Kamschatka, Greenland, and Iceland,
generally on the banks of fresh water rivers or lakes, laying from ten
to twelve yellowish eggs.
The female and young of this species may
be distinguished from those of the hooded merganser by the shortness
and stoutness of the bill, and by the serratures not being pointed
backwards, and more resembling the lamellae of the true ducks. The
in Euroi3e, America,
;

tube of the trachea has one enlargement towards the middle, and
continues of large diameter to the inferior larynx, which differs in

form from that of the other mergansers, the greatest diameter being
transverse instead of vertical

in other respects

it is

similar.

MERGANETTA ARMATA.
Mer. Mas.

Subtus ferruginous

dorso atro, marginibus pennarum

cinereis.
Af(3r.

Fern. Subtus albus

dorso atro, marginibus pennarum

cinereis.

ARMED MERGANETTA.
Mer. mas.

below ferruginous

the back black, with edges of the

feathers cinereous.

Mer.

fern.

below

Avhite

back black,

mth the edges of the feathers

cinereous.
IN.

Lenrjth

16
li

Bill

IN.

Metatarsus

1^

Middle

toe

Mer. mas. under parts and front of neck ferruginous the head
and back black, each feather edged with light grey; wings dark
grey, the lower coverts edged mth white speculum aeneous bill
and legs red upper tail coverts black, barred narrowly with light
:

grey.

141
Mer.

fern.

the male

below white

back of the neck cinereous

with white.

Mergcmetta armata

Hab.

back and upper

sides of the

a stripe

down the

neck cinereous, irrorated

Gould.

'.

It is very difficult to distinguish

Chili.

coverts similar to

tail

flanks dark grey, barred with black

between the species

Merganetta

but I beUeve they are resolvable into two,

Columbiana and Chilensis being the same.

of this genus,

MERGANETTA CHILENSIS.
Mer. Mas.

Subtus

brunnea

atro strigato

dorso atro pennis

albo marginata.

Mer. Fern.

Similis Merganetta armata.

CHILIAN MERGANETTA.
IN.

IN.

l^h

Length
Bill

Metatarsus

Middle

If
2^

toe

below brown, the centre of each feather with a dark

neck and breast black back black, the
edges of each feather edged with white head with the vertex black
a stripe proceeds from a white lunule at the upper part of the bill to
the occiijut cheek white throat black under and upper tail coverts
black, irrorated with grey tail feathers brownish grey.
Mer. fern, similar to the preceding.

Mer. mas.

stripe

fore part of the

Hab. ChiH.
Merganetta

Or ay.

cliilensis

Columbiana
LeuGogenys

Hab.

O. Desm.
.

Tschudi

Chili.

R.

HOBSON, PRINTER, WELLINGTON, SALOP,

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