INDONESIA

DAN
DIPLOMASI EKONOMI
Leonard F. Hutabarat, Ph.D.

OVERVIEW
INDONESIAN FOREIGN POLICY

Independent and active

Dynamic Equilibrium
Foreign policy Stakeholders
Foreign policy commitments
Economic Diplomacy

Basic Concept

Geopolitics :
A method of foreign policy analysis which seeks to understand,
explain and predict international political behavior primarily in
terms of geographical variables, such as location, size, climate,
topography, demography, natural resources and technological
development and potential
( Evans and Newnham, 1998 )

Indonesian Foreign Policy :

Foreign Policy is the policy, attitude, and steps taken by the
Government of the Republic of Indonesia in pursuance of
relations with other states, international organizations, and other
international legal subjects in the context of dealing with
international issues in order to attain the national objectives.
( Law No. 37 / 1999 on Foreign Relations )
Indonesian National Objectives :
to protect all the people of Indonesia and their entire native land;
to improve the public welfare;
to advance the intellectual life of the people; and
to contribute to the establishment of a world order based on
freedom, abiding peace and social justice
( Preamble of the 1945 Constitution )
4

WORLD MAP

WORLD POPULATION

Economic state of affairs: world income per capita

East Asia

Source: Sindo, BPS, IMF

File P3K2 Aspasaf BPPK

Geopolitical Shift
Rank
1

Country
United States

GDP (PPP) $M
14,264,600

Peoples Republic of China

7,916,429

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

Japan
India
Germany
Russia
United Kingdom
France
Brazil
Italy
Mexico
Spain
South Korea
Canada
Turkey
Indonesia
Iran
Australia

4,354,368
3,288,345
2,910,490
2,260,907
2,230,549
2,130,383
1,981,207
1,814,557
1,548,007
1,396,881
1,342,338
1,303,234
915,184
908,242
819,799
795,305

19

Republic of China (Taiwan)

711,418

20

Netherlands

675,375

Economic Integration and Energy Security

World largest economies :

4 out of 20 located in Asia Pacific

10

Index of GDP Growth :

APEC's Economies
600

500

400

300

200

100

0
1994

2000
Tahun

2007

Australia
Canada
Japan
Russia
United States
Brunei Darussalam
Chile
China
Hong Kong SAR
Indonesia
Korea
Malaysia
Mexico
New Zealand
Papua New Guinea
Peru
Philippines
Singapore
Taiwan Province of China
Thailand
Vietnam
11

Indonesia's Main Trading Partner

12

APEC
The largest layer in Asia Pacific regional

architecture.
9 APEC economies are members of G-20, thus
APEC has global relevance.
APECs modality : leaders summit.
De facto : Asia Pacific economy has been
integrated under APEC?

13

MoU Bilateral
dan Kemitraan
Strategis
Stabilitas
Politik
Transisi reformasi
damai
Iklim demokrasi
Potensi SDM
dan Tenaga
Kerja
Angkatan kerja 119.4 juta
jiwa
Relatively cheap labor

12 kemitraan
strategis
Ratusan MoU
bilateral

Potensi pasar 600

juta jiwa

Ekspor Negara
Non-Tradisional

POTENSI EKSPOR
DAN INVESTASI
INDONESIA

Market Size dan

Kebangkitan
Kelas Menengah

ASEAN Economic
Community 2015

Di luar Amerika Utara,

Eropa Barat, dan Asia
Timur
Potensi pasar yang besar

Potensi UMKM
Indonesia

240 juta penduduk

>50% PDB konsumsi domestik
2014, kelas menengah 150 juta
jiwa
Kesiapan
Proyek Investasi
Pembuatan daftar
proyek Public Private
Partnership (PPP)

Investment grade
FDI Confidence
Index
Persepsi Positif
Investasi di
Indonesia

Tren ekspor meningkat

Bahan baku lokal dan
penyerapan tenaga kerja
Ekspor melalui
Peluang Kerja
Sama Teknis
Indonesia bukan lagi negara
recipient, tapi sudah menjadi
negara donor

PASAR NON-TRADISIONAL INDONESIA

Eastern Europe

North America

(1,84%)

(excl. US & Canada)

(0,38%)
Middle
East

Central
America &
Carribean

(3,01%)

(0,22%)
South
America

(1,77%)

Africa
(3,76%)

South Asia

(1,89%)

Oceania

(excl. Australia)

(0,31%)

Ekspor non migas Indonesia ke pasar non tradisional tahun 2011 didominasi ke kawasan Afrika sebesar

US$

6,01 milyar (3,76%), Middle East mencapai US$ 4,88 milyar (3,01%), South Asia sejumlah
US$ 3,06 milyar (1,89%), Eastern Europe tercatat US$ 2,98 milyar (1,84%) dan South America
senilai US$ 2,87 milyar (1,77%).
Share ekspor yang masih relatif kecil dipasar tradisional, sesungguhnya sebagai isyarat bahwa pasar tersebut
belum diberdayakan secara maksimal dan masih memberikan banyak peluang dan menyimpan berbagai
kesempatan yang harus dioptimalkan dengan berbagai program promosi dan penetrasi.
15

Sumber: BPS, Mei 2012 diolah Kemendag

Indonesia Foreign Policy

Managing Geopolitical Shift
through Economic Diplomacy

Indonesia Foreign Policy

Mainstreaming Economic Diplomacy

Leonard F. Hutabarat, Ph.D.

E-mail : Lfhutabarat@gmail.com