Matrices and Determinants

LEVEL - I
Model Question :Problem based on operation on two matrices

One correct answer MCQ
1.
6 3 y 2
x 3 z 4 2 y 7 0
4 x 6 a 1
0
2x
3 2c 2

Then value of
If
b 3
3b
z 2c 2b 4 21
0
a+b+c+x+y+ z is
(A) -16
(C) 20
2.
(B) - 11
(D) - 52
3 2
1 0
and 2 X Y
, then the sum of element of X is equal to

1 4
3 2
If Y=
(A) - 5
(B) - 10
3.
2 1 5
1 2 3 0 2 4 2 5 7
Write the following as a single matrix :
7 5 0
(A)
(C)
4.
(B) -6
(D) -12
If
21
21
12 15
15 10
(B) 21 12
10
(D) 41 12
15
7 0
3 0
X Y
and X Y
then the sum of the elements of the matrix 3X -4Y

2 5
0 3
is equal to
(A) 14
(C) 12
(B)
(D)
16
25.
5 If A and B are square matrices of the same order, then which of the following are not true ?
(A) AB ' A' B '
(C) AB 0 AB 0 If
6.
(B) AB ' B ' A '
A 0 or B 0
0 1
0 i
If A =
and B =
, then
1 0
i 0
(A) A2 I
(C) B 2 I
(D) AB=0 If A = I or B =I
(B) A2 I
(D) B 2 I
1 a bc
1 a a2
2
2 1 b b
1 1 b ca
7. If
and
, then which of the following is not true ?
1 c c2
1 c ab
(A) 1 2
(B) 1 2
(C) 1 2 2
(D) 2 21
8. For the equations x 2 y 3 z 1,2 x y 3 z 2,5 x 5 y 9 z 4

(A) there is only one solution
(B) there exist infinitely many solutions
(C) there is no solution
(D) the equations are consistent.
1 a a 2
1 a bc
a b ca and 1 b b 2
are not identical.
9. Statement 1 : The determinants

1 c c 2
1 c ab
because
Statement 2 : The first two columns in both the determinants are identical and third columns are
different.
(A) Statement -1 is true, statement=2 is true ; statement -2 is a correct explanation for statement -1
(B) Statement -1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is not a correct explanation for statement-1
(C) Statement -1 is true, statement- is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement -2 is true.
10. Statement :1
1 2i
2
then det (A) is real .
If A
7
1 2i
a11 a12
Statement : 2 If A = A a
, aij being complex numbers then det (A) is always real.
21 a22
1 0 0
A 2 1 0.ifU 1 ,U 2 andU 3
Comprehension-1
are
3 2 1
1
2
AU1 0 , AU 2 3 and
0
0
2
AU 3 3, U
1
U1 , U 2 , U 3 then answer the following questions
columns
matrices
satisfying
is 3 3 matrix whose columns are
11. The value of [U] is

(A) 3
(C) 3/2
(B) -3
(D) 2
12. The sum of the elements of U 1 is

(A) -1
(C) 1
(B) 0
(D) 3 Comprehension
(A)
(B) 0
(C) 2
(D)
3
2
13. The value of [3 2 0] is
0
(A) [5]
(B)
5
2

3
(C) [4)
(D)
2
MatrixMatch Type
This section contains 2questions. Each question contains statements
given in two column which have to be matched. Statements (A, B, C, D)
in Column I have to be matched with statements (p, q, r, s) in Column II.
The answers to these questions have to be appropriately bubbles
as illustrated in the following example.
If the correct matches are Ap, As, Bq, Br, Cp, Cq and Ds,
then the correctly bubbled 4 4 matrix should be as follows :
14
(A)
(B)
Column-I
Column-II
Idempotent
(p)
2 2 4
1 3 4
1 2 3
(q)
4 1 4
3 0 4
3 1 3
Orthogonal
(C)
Unitary
(r)
(D)
Involutory
(s)
1 i i 1
2
2
1 i 1 i
2
2
cos sin
sin cos
PQ
15
The matrix X is equal to such that 3A - 2B + X = 0 , where
4 2
2 1
A
;B
1 3
3 2
16
1
4
3
(A)
4 4
3 5
4 4
3 8
(C)
16
Let
tan
(D)
2 and
cos
I is the identity matrix of order 2. Then ( I -A).

0
sin
tan
is equal to
(A) 2I+2A
(C) I - A
17.
1 0
1 0
and I
, then find k
1 7
0 1
If A
so that A2 8 A kI .
(B) 8
(D) none of these.
7
(C) 10
19
sin
cos
(B) 2I -2B
(D) I +A
(A)
18
16 4
3
5
(B)
0 a b
a 0 c, ifQ 1 A A' & Q 1 A A'
2
1 2
If A=
Then Q1.Q2 is equal to
2
b c 0
(A)
I3
(B) O3
(C)
(D) None of these.
2 3
1
4 5 6
1 2 1
A 1 0 2 , B 1 0 1 , C 1 2 3
then A - 2B + 3C is equal to
If
1 3 1
2 1 2
1 2 2
10 14 6
2
6 9
(A)
6 11 3
10 18 6
2
6 9
(C)
6 15 3
10 14 6
2
6 9
(B)
6 15 3
10 18 6
2
6 15
(D)
6 15 3
20. . The system of linear equations x y z 0,2 x y z 0,3 x 2 y 0
(A) has no solution

(C) is consistent
sin 3
cos 2
21 . The value of satisfying
2
22
2 3
8 7 0
is
14 11
(B) n
(A) n
(C) 2n
(B) has a unique solution

(D) an infinitely many solutions.
6
n
(D) n 1
Statement 1 : If A is a matrix of order 2 2, then ladjA = A . because

Statement 2 :
A = AT .
A) Statement -1 is true, statement=2 is true ; statement -2 is a correct explanation for statement -1

log an
log an3
23 Statement -1 : If a1 , a2 .......an ........are in G.P.. ( ai 0 for all i )
log an 6
log an 1
log an 4
log an 7
log an 2
log an 5 0
log an8
because
Statement : The three elements in any row of the determinant are in A.P.
Comprehension - 2 is an imaginary cube root of unity..
24
is an imaginary cube root of unity .

(A) 3
1
2n
26 The value of
n
(A)
3 5
1 4
4 1
(C) 1 2
(B) - 3
x 1
x 2
25 A root of the polynomial
2
1
(A) 1
1
3
(D)
2
1
is
x
(B) 0
(C) 2
(D)
n 2n
1
n ?n N
=
2n 1
(B) 2
(C)
(D) 0
MatrixMatch Type
27
1 2
If C & D are symmetric matrices of order 3 3

Column-I
(A)
CD + DC
(p)
(B)
C+D
(q)
(C)
CD DC
(D)
CD
Column-II
symmetric
Antisymmetric
Answers
1.(A) 2.(A) 3.(C). 4(A). 5.(B)(C)(D) 6.(B) (C) 7.(B)(C)(D) 8(C) (D) 9.(D) 10.(D)
11.(A) 12(B) 13(A) 14() 15(B) 16(D) 17(A) 18(B) 19.(A) 20(A) (D) 21.(A) (D) 22.(B)(A) (D)
23. (A) 24.(AQ) 25.( B) 26(D) 27.(C)
Level - I
M.Q Solution
1.
As the given matrices are equal, therefore, their corresponding elements must be equal. Comparing
the corresponding elements we get
x 3 0....(i)
z 4 6....(ii )
2 y 7 3 y 2....(iii )
4 x 6 2 x,.....(iv )
a 1 3....(v )
0 2c 2....(vi)
b 3 2b 4...(vii )
3b 21.....(viii)
z 2c 0...(ix )
From (i) x 3, from(iii ) y 5and from (ii) z =2

From (V) a = -2, from (viii) b = - 7 and from (vi) c- 1
Thus a = - 2, b = -7, c = - 1, x = -3, y = - 5, z = 2
2.
1 0 3 2
2 X 2 X Y Y
3 2 1 4
1 3 0 2 2 2
3 1 2 4 4 2
X
3.
1 2 2 1 1
2 4 2 2 1
2 1 5
1 2 3 0 2 4
7 5 0 33
[1.2 2.0 3( 7)1( 1) ( 2) 2 3.5
1.5 (2)4 3.0]13
2 1 5
1 2 3 0
2 4 2 5 7 19 10 3 2 5 7
7 5 0
4.
X Y X Y 2X
7 0 3 0
2 X X Y X Y
2 5 0 3
7 3 0 0 10 0
2 0 5 3 2 8
Again
5.
1 10 0 5 0
2 2 8 1 4
7 0 3 0
2Y ( X Y ) ( X Y )
2 5 0 3
7 3 0 0 4 0
2 0 5 3 2 2
1 4 0 2 0
Y
2 2 2 1 1
( a ), (c ), ( d )
0 1 0 1 1 0
A2
1 0 1 0 0 1
0 i 0 i i 2
B2
i 0 i 0 0
7.
0 1 0
i 2 0 1
a a 2
1 a bc
1
1 b ca
b b2
abc
c c 2
1 c ab
(b), ( c)
abc a a 2 1
abc b b 2 1
abc c c 2 1
1 2
(b), ( c), ( d )
8.
1 1 1
Here, 2 1 1 0
3 2 0
(c), ( d )
9.
ANSWER = D
10.
clearly A
1 2i
2
9 Which is real SI is not current
7
1 2i
11.
x
1 1 0 0 x 1
U y
AU1 0 2 1 0 y 0
Given

z
0 3 2 1 z 0
x 1 1
2 x y 0 0
3 x 2 y z 0
x 1
x 1
2x y 0
Solving we get y 2
3x 2 y z 0
z 1
1
U1 2
1
2
2
AU 2 3 U 2 1

0
4
2
2
AU 3 3 U 3 1
and
1
3
2
2
1
U 2 1 1
Hence U=
1 4 3
12.
1 2 0
U 7 5 3 and U 3
Adj
9
6
3
1 2 0
adjU 1
7 5 3
U
3
9
6
3
Sum of elements of U 1 0
13.
2
2 3
3
1
3 2 0U 2 3 2 0 2 1 1 2
0
1 4 3 0
3
1 4 42 3 8 5
=
0
14.
P,Q,R,S be the matrices corresponding to the options (P) (Q) , (R), (S) respectively
P,Q,S, have real elements
PT PT
QT QT
ST ST
P2 P
PT P PT P 2 ...................( A)
P2 P2
Q2 I
Q2
QT Q QT .Q I 3...................(D)
R2 R
R2 I 2
R 2 .R I 2
RT R I 2 .............(C )
S 2 I2
S 2 S
S 2 .S S T S I 2 ..........( B)(C )
P.Q solutions
15
4 2
2 1
A
;B
1 3
3 2
Now 3A- 2B + X =0
X = - 3A + 2B
4 2 2 1
3
2
1 3 3 2
12 6 4 2 16 4
3
5
3 9 6 4
16. cos
1 tan 2 / 2 1 t 2
2 tan / 2
2t
, sin
2
2
2
1 t / 2 1 t
1 tan / 2 1 t 2
where tan
t
2
1 0 0 t 1 t
0 1 t 0 t 1
I A
Also
1 0 0 t 1 t
0 1 t 0 t 1
I A
And.
cos
sin
Now I A
1 t 2
1 t 1 t2
t 1 2t
1 t2
1 t 2
2t 2
2
2
1 t 2 1 t
2t
t 1 t
2
1 t 2
1 t
sin
cos
2t
1 t 2
1 t 2
1 t 2
2t t 1 t 2
1 t 2 1 t 2
2t 2 1 t 2
1 t 2 1 t 2
1 t
I A
t 1
Hence,
cos
sin
I A I A
sin
cos
17
1 0
1 7
Given , A =
0
1 0 1 0 1
A2 AA
1 7 1 7 8 49
Again, 8A+ kI = 8
0
1
k
7
0
0 8
1 8
56
0 8 k
1
A2 8 A kI
8 49 8
k
0
0 8 k
k 8
0
56
0
56 k
1 8 k and 56 + k = 49 k 7
18
a b
0
A a 0 c
b c 0
1
1
A A A1 A A1
2
2
a b 0
a b
0
1
Q1 a 0 c a 0 c
2
b c 0 b c 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
1
0 0 0 0 0 0
2
0 0 0 0 0 0
a b
0
1
1
Q A A a 0 c
Q1Q2 Q3
Similarly 1 2
b c 0
19
A - 2B + 3C = 0
2 3 8 10 12 3 6 3 10 14 6
1
1 0 2 2 0 2 3 6 9 2
6
9
1 3 1 4 2 4 3 6 6 6 11 3
20
1 1 1
6
A 1 2 3 , B 10

Here ,
1 2

If equations have no solution, then |A| = 0 and (adj A). B 0
Calculating |A| = 3 0 3
0 1 1
10
A 0 2 2 adj. A.B 20 2 0
Also, adj
0 1 1
10
10
a , d
21
10 sin 3 2 11cos 2 14 314 cos 2 16 0

10 sin 3 20 cos 2 20 0
sin 3 2 cos 2 2 0
sin 3 4 sin 3 2 4 sin 2 2 0
4 sin 3 4 sin 2 3 sin 0 sin 0 or
sin
1
2
a d
22
In fact adj A is got by keeping the diagonal elements as they are and changing the sign of the
other two elements.
23.
log a m 1 log r
log a (m) log r
log m 1 log r
log m 2 log r log a m 3 log r log a m 4 log r
log a m 5 log r log a m 6 log r log a (m 7) log r
log a n 1 log r log a n log r log a n 1 log r
3 log r
3 log r
3 log r
Using ( R2 R2 R1 and R3 R3 R2 )
3 log r
3 log r
3 log r
= 0
Hence = (A)
1 3 5 1 3 5 3 5
3 1 4 1 3 4 1 4 C1 C1 C 2 C3
24.
5 4 1 1 4 5 4 1
2 2
2
1 2
1 as 3 1, 4 , etc.
0
2 2
2
1
2
0 2 R2 C2 C1

2 1 2
= 2 2 2 3 2 1 3
2
25.
x 1
2
2
1
x x 2
x
1
x
2
x 1 2
1 x 1 2
x x 1 2
2 1 3
x 2
1
2
1 C1 C1 C2 C3
x
2
1 1 2 0
x
0
When x =0
26.
1
2n
0 is a root
n 2n
1
n 1 3n n 2 n 2 n 2n 4 n n
2n 1
11 1 n .0 3n 1 1 = 0
27.
answer D
28.
5 x 5 y
x y
y 0 x 0
Answer (C )
Level - II
MQ solution
5 x
28 If A= A
and A = AT , then
y 0
(a) x=o. y = 5
(c) x = y
2 3
3 2
A 1 2 , B 5 6
and A +B - C =0, then C =

5 6
2 1
29 If
5
6
(a)
7
(c)
30
(b) x + y = 5
(d) none of these
5
8
7
1
4
(b)
3
5 5
8 6
7 7
1
4
5
5 5
8 7
(d)
7 5
If A and B are square matrices of order 3, then

(A) adj (AB) = adjA + adj B
(B) (A + B)1 = A1 + B1
(C) AB = 0 |A| = 0 or |B| = 0
(d) AB = 0 |A| = 0 and |B| = 0
1 0 0
B a 1 0 is
31. The inverse of the matrix
b c 1
32.
0 0
1
a
1 0
(a) =
ac b c 1
0 0
1
a 0 0
(b) =
b c 1
1 0 0
a 1 0
(c) =
ac b 1
1 a ac b
0 1
c
(d)
0 0
1
The values
of
and
for which
the system of equations.
x y z 6, x 2 y 3 x 10, x 2 y z have no solution are
(A) 3
(C) 3
(B) 10
(D) 3
33. If T p , Tq , Tr are the p th , q th and r th terms of an A.P ., then

(A) 1
(C) 0
Tp
Tq
Tr
14 11
cannot be equal to
(B) - 1
(D) p + q + r
a 2 x 2 ab cx ac bx
x
c b
2
2
2
ab xc b x bc ax
B c x
a
34 Statement 1 : If A =
and
, then A B .
2
2
ac bx bc ax c x
b a x
35
Let A be a 2 2 matrix with real entries. let I be the 2 2 identity matrix. Denote by tr(A), the sum
of diagonal entries of A. Assume that A2 = I.
Statement1: : If A I and A I, then det A = 1
Statement2: : If A I and A I, then tr(A) 0.
III.
For a given square matrix A, if there exists a matrix B such that AB = BA = I, then B is called
inverse of A. Every nonsingular square matrix passes inverse and it exists if |A| 0.
adj(A)
A1 = det (A) adj A = |A| (A1).
36
37
2 3
Let, a matrix A =
, then it will satisfy the equation
1 2
(A) A2 4A + I = 0
(B) A2 + 4A + I = 0
(C) A2 4A 5I = 0
(D) A2 4A + 5I = 0
2 3
Let, a matrix A =
, then A1 will be
1
2
2 3
(A)
1 2
3 2
(B)
2 1
1 2
(C)
2 3
2 3
(D)
1 2
38
3 2
Let matrix A =
satisfies the equation A2 + aA + bI = 0, then the value of
1 1
equals
(A)
ab
ab
(B)
a 2b
a b
(C)
a 4b
4a b
(D)
a 4b
4a b
MatrixMatch Type
1
tan x
1
tan x
39. Let A
COLUM I
(A)
(B)
A1
AdjA 1
COLUM -II
tan x
1
tan x
1
(P)
tan x
1
1
tan x
(Q)
sin x
1 1 cos 2 x
1 cos 2 x
2 sin 2 x
(C) Adj AdjA
(R)
(D) Adj2 A
(S)
sin 2 x
1 cos 2 x
sin 2 x 1 cos 2 x
4b
. cosxdx
PQ solution
40
8 6 2
6 7 4
is a singular matrix , then =
If A is
2 4
(A) 3
(C) 2
41
If
(B)
(D)
1 0
0 0
,B
, then
2 0
1 12
A=
(B) AB O, BA O
(A) AB = O, BA =O
(C)
42.
AB O , BA O
5 0
a b
and B
, then AB =
0 5
c d
(B) 5B
(D) none of these.
a 2 ab ac
c b
0
B ab b 2 bc
A c 0
a
and
If A =
, then AB =
ac bc c 2
b a 0
(A) A
(C) I
44.
(B) B
(D) O
cos x sin x 0
cos y 0 sin y
sin x cos x 0, G ( y ) 0
1
0
then [F(x). G y ]1 is equal to

If F (X) =
0
sin y 0 cos y
0
1
(A)
F (X) G(-Y)
(B) F x 1 G y 1
(D) G (-y) F(-x)
(C) G y 1 f x 1
45
(D) AB O , BA O
If A
(A) B
(C) B5
43
4
5
1
sin
IF
1
(A) [2,3]
(C) [2,4]
sin
1
sin
1
sin , then
lies in the interval
1
(B) [3,4]
(D) (2,4)
cos sin cos 2

sin
cos
sin
The determinant
is equal to
cos
sin
cos
46
47.
(A)
(B)
(C) and
(D) Neither nor
A B C , then the value of
If
sin A B C sin B
cos
sin B
0
tan A
is
cos( A B)
tan A
0
(A) 0
(C) 2 sinB tan A cosC
48.
(B) 1
(D) None of these.
Suppose x, y, z are positive and none of x,y, z is 1. If
log x y
log y x
log x z
log y z , then
sin x y cos x y sin 2 z

(A) x
(C) y and z only
2r
2
49.
If
S r 6r 1
4r 3 2nr
(B) y
(D) z
nn 1
y n 2 2 n 3
z
n 3 n 1
, then the value
(A) x
(C) n
50
is independent of
is independent of
r 1
(B) y
(D) z
0 1 2
1 0 1
, |A| = 0
Statement 1 : If
2 1
0
Because
Statement 2 : The value of the determinant of a skew symmetric matrix is zero
1 1 1
1 1 1
Does not exist
51. Statement 1 : The inverse of the matrix A=
3 1 1
because
Statement 2 : |A| =0
Paragraph
Let
a11 x1 a12 x2 ..............a1n xn b1;

a21 x1 a22 x2 ..............a2 n xn b2 ;
an1 x1 an 2 x2 ....anm xn bn be a system of n linear equations in n unknowns. Then this can be
written in the matrix form as
x1
b1

x2
b2
x3
b3

[aij ]m n; X . B .
.
.
AX = B Where A =

.
.
x
b
n
n
Then
(I) If |A| 0, the system is consistent, and has a unique solution given by X A1 B
(II) If |A| =0 and (adj A) B =0, then the system is consistent and has infinitely many solutions.
(III) If (A) = 0 and (adj A ) B 0, then the system is inconsistent.
52. The system of equations 2 x y 3 z 1, x y 2 z 5, x y z 1 has
(A) a unique solution
(B) infinitely many solutions
(C) no solutions
(D) finite number of solutions.
53
Let 2 x y z 4, x 3 y 2z 12,3x 2 y kz 10. The value of k in the above system of

equations so that system does not have a unique solution is
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) -1
(D) -2
54.
If x y z 6, x 2 y 3 z 10, x 2 y , the values of and

has infinitely many solutions is
(A) 3, 9
(B) 3, 10
(C) 2, 10
, for which the system
(D) 10, 3
ANSWERS
28(C) 29(B) 30 (C) 31(A) 32 (A)(B) 33 (A)(B) (D) 34 (A) 35 (C) 36 (A) 37 (A) 38(C)
39 (A)-(R) ;(B)-(S); (C)-(P);(D)-(Q) 40 (A) 41(B)42 (B) 43 (D) 44(D) 45(C) 46 (C) 47 (A)
48 (A)(B)(D) 49 (A) (B) (C) (D) 50 (C) 51 (A) 52 (A) 53 (B) 54(B) 55 (B) 56 (A) 57 (D)58 (C) 59
(B) 60(A) (C) (D) 61 (C) 62(D) 63 (C) 64 (C) 65(A) 66 (A) (B)(C) (D)67(A) (B)(C) (D) 68 (B)
69 (D) 70 (A)71(D)
ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS

LEVEL -II
29.
M.Q
A+B - C = 0
5 x 5 y
x y
y 0 x 0
Answer ( B)
30.
(C ) AB 0 A 0 or |B| =0
31.
0 0
1
a
1 0
adj A =
ac b c 1
|A| = 1 {Upper triangular matrix }
0 0
1
A a
1 0 Answer ( A)
ac b c 1
1
32.
The required conditions are |A| = 0 and (adj A ) B=0
1 1 1
2 6 2 1 6 0

1 2 3 0
3 1 2 10 0
and
0
1 2
1
1 0
i.e.,
2 6 3 0 0
3, 10
and 0.6 - 10 + 0
33.
T p a p 1d ,
a p 1d
a q 1d
a r 1d
Similarly, Tq andTr
a a
p q
1
pd
qd
rd
r p
r p
r 0
1 1
34.
35
Answer (C)
36
2 3 2 3
A2
1 2 1 2
=
4 3 6 6 7 12
2 2 3 4 4 7
1 0 1 0 0 0
O2
0 1 0 1 0 0
37.
A2 4 A I 0
A2 4 A I
A1 A2 4 A1 A A1 I
A 4 I A1 A1 4 I A
1 0 2 3 4 0 2 3
A1 4
0 1 1 2 0 4 1 2
2 3
1 2
Answer ( A), ( B ), ( D )
38.
Clearly a = -4, b = 1
4
x 3 cos xdx 0
4
Also
a ab
4 4
0 Answer (C)
4a b 4 4 1
39
( A) ( R); ( B) (S ); (C ); ( D) (Q)
tan x
tan x
1
1
A
adj ( A)
1
1
tan x
tan x
A1
tan x cos 2 x
sin x cos x
1
adj A
1
2
1 sin x cos x
A
1 tan x tan x
cos 2 x
1 1 cos 2 x sin 2 x
1 cos 2 x
2 sin 2 x
( A) R
tan x
1
Adj AdjA
A
1
tan x
1
AdjA
sin 2 x
Adj AdjA
A
1 1 cos x

2
AdjA
sec 2 sin 2 x 1 cos 2 x
B S ; and C P
tan x
1
2
D Q
1
tan x
40
A 0 ( A is singular)
8 6 2
A 6 7 4 0
2 4
56 128 36 48 20 0
20 60
3
Answer ( A)
41.
0
AB
0
0
BA
25
Answer
42.
43.
0
0
0
0
0
0
(B)
5a 0 5b 0
AB
0 5c 0 5d
Answer (B)
0 0 0
AB 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 33
Answer - (D)
44.
{F ( x ).G ( y ) 1 G 1 y .F 1 x if f x 0. G x 0
Here , f x 1. G y 1
cos x sin x 0
F x sin x cos x 0 F x
Also ,
and
0
0
1
1
cos x 0 sin y
G y 0
1
0 G y
sin y 0 cos y
1
f x .g y G 1 y F
1
G 1 y F x
45.
1 1 sin 2 sin sin sin 1 sin 2 1

2
2 2 sin
2,4
Answer : (C )
46
cos cos
sin
cos
sin cos
cos
sin
cos 2 sin sin

sin
sin
cos
cos
cos sin
cos
sin
sin 2
sin
cos
1 2
Apply R1 R2 cos R3 1and R1 R1 sin R2in 2
00 0
Answer (C )
47.
0
sin B cos C
sin B
0
tan A sin B(cos C tan A) cos C (sin B tan A) 0
cos C tan A
0
Answer
= (A)
48.
log x
log y
log z
log x
log y
log z 0
Using
log x log y
sin x y cos( x y) sin 2 z
1
log b
log a b log a
Answer (A) ,(B) ,(d)

49.
n
2r
S
r 1
6r
nn 1
n n 1 x
nn 1
2
y n 2n 3 n 2n 3 y n 2 2 n 3 0
r 1
r 1
4r
2nr
n n 1
3
n 3 n 1
n 3 n 1
r 1
( as C1 and C3 are same)

Answer (A) ,(B) (C) (D)
50.
51
Because the value of the determinants of skew - symmetric matrix of odd orderis zero
Answe (C)
Answer (A)
52
2 1 3
A 1 1 2 A 21 2 11 2 31 1 0
The solution is unique

1 1
1
Answer (A)
53.
If the system does not have a unique solution the value of the determinant of coefficients =0
2 1 1
1 3 2 0
3 2 k
54.
The required conditions are A 0
and (Adj A) B = 0
1 1 1
2 6 2 1 6 0
3 1 210 0
1 2 3 0,

and
0
1 2
1
1 0
i.e., 2 6 3 0 0 and 0.6 - 10 + 0
3, 10
Answer - (B)
Level -III
MQ
55
If A is the diagonal matrix diag ( d1 , d 2 d 3 ...............d n ) then An , n N , is
(A) diag nd1 , nd 2 , nd 3 ........nd n
(C) diag d1n 1 , d 2n 1 , d 3n 1 ,.............d nn 1
56
1
tan
If
tan 1
1 tan
(A) a = a cos 2 , b sin 2

(C) a sin 2 , b cos 2
57
58
60.
(D) none of these.
tan a b
, then
1 b a
(B) a =1, b= 1
(D) none of these.
If A and B are any a a matrices , then det (A+B) = 0 implies

(A) det A + det B = 0
(B) det A = 0 or det B = 0
(C) det A =0 and B = 0
(D) None of these.
If
x 1
3
A
is a symmetric matrix, then x =
2 x 3 x 2
(A) 4
(C) -4
59
(B) diag d1n , d 2n , d 3n ,.............d nn
(B) 3
(D) -3
0 1 2
A 1 2 3
If
and
3 a 1
1 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2
4
3
c
then
A1
5 / 2 3 / 2 1 / 2
(A) a 2, c 1 / 2
(B) a 1, c 1
(C) a 1, c 1
If f(x) is a polynomial satisfying
(D) a 1 / 2, c 1 / 2
f x
1
2
(A) 126
(C) 124
f x
1
1
f f x
2
and f (2) = 17 , then f (5)
1
f
x
(B) 626
(B) 624
sin x
61.
The number of distinct real roots of
cos x cos x
cos x sin x
cos x 0
in the interval 0
cos x cos x sin x

(A) 0
(C) 1
x is
4
4
(B) 2
(D) 3
LEVE L III
P.Q
62
For what value of x, the matrix,
2
2
3 x
2
4 x
1 is
singular
2
4 1 x
(A) x =1,2
(C) x= 0,1
63
64
65
(B) x =0,2
(D) x =0,3
0
2
5
x 1
3
2
x 2
4
1
If the trace of the matrix : A = 1

2
x 3
1 is o then x is equal to
2
0
4
x 6
2
(A) (-2, 3)
(B) (2,-3)
(C) (-3, 2)
(D) (3,-2)
If A and B are square matrices of order 3, then
(A) adj (AB) = adjA+adjB
(B) A B 1 A 1 B 1
(C) AB O | A | 0 or |B|
(D) AB O A O or B =O
2 3 1
1 3 1
A 1 2 1 and B 2 2 1, then
If
6 9 4
3 0 1
(A) AB = BA
(C) AB
66
1
BA
2
sin
cos
If A=
0
(A)
(B) AB BA
(D) none of these.
cos
sin
0
0
0
then which of the following are true ?
1
1
(B) A 1
A 1
(C) A1 adjA
67
(D)
AAT 1
a b c
A b c a ,
where a.b. c are real positive number , abc = 1 and AT A 1,

If matrix
c a b
then which of the following is/are true.
68
(A) a + b+ c =1
(B) a 2 b 2 c 2 1
(C) ab + bc+ ca =0
(D) a 3 b 3 c 3 4
Statement - 1 : If a, b, c are real positive numbers with abc = 1 and AAT 1, where A =
a b c
b c a
, then a 3 b 3 c 3 4
c a b
because
1 1 1
0
a b c
Statement - 2 :
r us called the rank of the matrix. A if there exists at least one nonzero minor or order r and every
minor of order r +1 of the matrix equals zero. Again if A is a square matrix and I is the unit matrix
of the same order then the equation |a-xI| = 0 is called the characteristic equation and the roots
of the characteristic equation are called eigenvalues of the matrix.A.
1
3
1
A 1
3 3
Let
2 4 4
69
The characteristic equation of A is

(A) x 3 18 x 45 x 0
(B) x 3 6 x 2 9 x 4 0
(C) x 3 18 x 2 45 x 0
(D) x 3 20 x 8 0
70
71
The inverse of matrix A is

(A)
5
1
I A2
2
8
(B)
(C)
5
1
I A2
2
6
(D) None of these.
The sum of elements of the matrix A is

(A) 5/3
(C) 5/2
ANSWERS
5
1
I A
2
8
(B) 5/4
(D) None of these.
55 (B)
56 (A)
57 (D
)58 (C)
59 (B)
60(A) (C) (D) 61 (C) 62(D) 63 (C) 64 (C) 65(A) 66 (A) (B)(C) (D)67(A) (B)(C) (D) 68 (B)
69 (D) 70 (A)71(D)
Level - III
M.Q Solutions
55.
Given A = diag d1 , d 2 , d 3 .......d n
Now A2 AA
0
0
........
0 d1
0
0
........
0
d1
0
d2
0
......... 0 0
d2
0
......... 0
0
0
d 3 ........... 0 0
0
d 3 ........... 0
....
..... ........ ....... .....
....
.....
........ ....... .....
........ ....... ........ ...... ..... ........ ....... ........ ...... .....
0
0
....... d n 0
0
0
....... d n
0
56.
tan
1
1 1 tan 2
1
tan
1
1 tan 2
tan
1
tan
tan
1
1
adjA
1
A
tan
1
tan 1
1 tan
tan a b
1 b a
tan
1
1 1 tan 2
1
1 tan 2
57.
1
tan
1
tan
1
tan
tan a b
1 b a
1 tan 2 2 tan a b
2 tan 1 tan 2 b a
2 tan
1 tan 2
sin
cos and b
2
1 tan 2
1 tan
A is symmetric
A1 A
2 x 3
x 1
3
3
x 4
x 1 x 2
2 x 3 x 2
x 1 2 x 3 x 4
Hence (c) is the correct answer
58.
Det (A+B) cannot be expressed in terms of det A and det B . Hence the given equation gives
no inference.
Hence (d) is the correct answer
59. If we must have AA1 I

(3.1)th entry of AA 1 0 = (3,1)th entry of AA1
1
5
3 a 4 1 0
2
2
0
1
1
1 c 2
2
2
4a 4 0 and c+1 =0
a =1 and c = - 1.
Hence (b) is the correct answer
60.
1
1
1
1
2 f x f x f f f x f x f f x f
x
x
x
x
f x 1 x n
Now, as f(2) = 17
f x 1 x 4 f 5 626
Answer (A),(C) (D)
61
sin x 2 cos x sin x 2 cos x sin x 2 cos x

cos x
sin x
cos x
U sin g R1 R1 R2 R3
cos x
cos x
sin x
1
cos x sin x cos x

cos x
sin x 2 cos x 0
sin x cos x
U sin g C2 C2 C3 and C3 C3 C1
sin x cos x sin x 2 cos x 0

2
sin x cos x sin x 2 cos x 0

only one solution.
Answer ( C)
62.
Since , the given matrix is singular
3 x
4 x
1 x
3 x 2
2
3 x 2
2
R2 R3 2
x
x 0 0
1
1 0
2 4 1 x
2
4 1 x
x{3 x 1 x 4 0 22 2 } 0
x3 x x 3 0 x 0,3
63
Trace of matrix is defined as
ii
2 x 2 2 x 12 0
i 1
x 3,2
Hence (C) is the correct answer.
64.
65.
If AB=O then either of A and B are necessarily singular.

Hence (C) is the correct answer.
2 3 1 1 3 1
AB 1 2 1 2 2 1
6 9 4 3 0 1
2 6 3 1 4 3 6 18 12 1 0 0
6 6 0 3 4 0 18 18 0 0 1 0 B A1.
2 3 1
1 2 1
6 9 4 0 0 1
Hence (A) is the correct answer
sin
cos
66 AT transpose of A=
0
sin
A cos
0
T
cos
sin
0
cos
sin
0
0
0
1
0
sin
0
cos
1
T
Also, A A .So A 1
A1
adjA
adjA
A
sin
A adjA cos
0
cos
sin
cos
cos
sin
0
sin
0
0
0 1
0
0
.
1
cos
1
sin
67.
Here ,
a b c
a b c
T
A b c a
A b c a
So,
, interchanging rows and columns.
c a b
c a b
2
a b c
T
A A b c a A 2
c a b
AT A A2 ;
AT A I (given)
but
Now, |I| = A 1 A
1 1 1
a b c
A b c a a b c b c a
Now,
c a b
c a b
R1 R1 R2 R3
1
0
0
a b c
A b c a a b c b c b a b
c a b
c ac bc
C2 C 2 C1
C3 C3 C1
a b c {c b b c a b a c }
a b c b 2 c 2 2bc a 2 ac ab bc
a b c a 2 b 2 c 2 bc ca ab
a 3 b3 c 3 3abc
3
b3 c 3 3 abc 1
2
A 1 a 3 b 3 c 3 3 1........(1)
As a,b, c are positive,
a 3 b3 c 3
3 a 3b 3c 3 abc 1
3
a 3 b 3 c 3 3.
(1) a 3 b 3 c 3 3 1
a 3 b3 c 3 4
71.
Answer = (A)
1
1
1
3
73.The characteristic equation is
2
4
74.
75.
3
3 0
i.e., 3 20 8 0
4
5
1
2
By Cayley- Hamilton theorem, A3 20 A 8 I 0 where A I A
2
8
1
3/ 2
1 0 0
4 8 12 3
5
1
5
1
6 5 / 4 1 / 4 3 / 4
A1 I A2 2 0 1 0 8 10 22
2
8
0 0 1
2
2
22 1 / 4 1 / 4 1 / 4
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
72.
a
h
If
g
h
b
f
g
f
Then which of the following is are true ? where A,B,C,F,G,H are the
c
co factor & of a,b,c,f,g,h
73
(A) BC F 2 a
(B) CA G 2 b
(C) AB H 2 c
(D) None of these.
The value of
sin 2 A sin C sin B

sin C sin 2 B sin A
is
sin B sin A sin 2C
(A) 1
(C) 0
74.
a
h
If
g
(B) 4 sin A. SinB . Sin C

(D) None of these.
h
b
f
g
f
& If A, B, C, F, G, H, are the co factors of a,b,c,f,g,h then which of the
c
following is (are) true ?

(A) GH AF F
(B) HF BG G
(D) None of these
(C) FG CH H
75. Let ax 7 bx 6 cx 5 dx 4 ex 3 fx 2 gx h
x 1
x2 x
x2 2
x2 2
x 1
x2 x
x2 x
x 2 2 x than
x 1
(a) g=3 and h = -5 (b) g= -3 and h = -5 (c) g = -3 and h = -9 (d) none of these.
76.If
(a) 1
xn
yn
x n 2
y n2
zn
z n 2
x n 3
1 1 1
y n3 ( x y )( y x)( z x) ,
x y z then n equals
z n 3
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) none o these
77 Let{ 1, 2 , 3, ..... k }be the set of third-order determinants that can be made with the distinct nonzero
real numbers a1, a2 , a3, .....a9 .Than
k
(a) k = 9!
(b)
i 1
n
78 Let
n 1
n 1
n 1
f (n ) Pn
Cn
(c) at least one i 0
(d) none of these
n2
Pn 1
n2
Cn1
n 2
Pn 2 ,
where the symbols have their usual meanings.
Cn 2
the f (n) is divisible by

(a) n 2 n 1
(b) (n + 1)!
(c) n!
e 2iA
79 if A+B+C , e i cos i sin andz e iC
e iB
(a) Re(z) =
(b)
Im(z) =
(d) none of these.
e iC
e 2iB
e iA
(c)
e iB
e iA than
e 2ic
Re(z) = - 4
(d) Im(z) = -1
COMPRIHENSION
Let A be a square matrix of order 2 ot 3 and I be the identity matrix of the same order then the
matrix A I is called charactristic matrix of the matrix A where is same complex no. The determinant of the characteristic matrix is called characteristic determinant of the matrix A which willof course
be a polynomial of degree 3 in . The equation Det(A I ) = 0 is called characheristic equation of
the matrix A and its roots(the values of ) are called characteristic roots or eigen values. It is also
known that every square matrix has its characteristic equation.
2 1
1
A 2 3
4
80. The eigen values of the matrix
are
1 1 2
(a) 2,1,1
(b) 2,3,-2
(c) -1,1,3
(d) none of these
81. which of the following matrices do not have eigen values as 1 and -1?
0 1
0 i
1 0
1 0
(b)
(c)
(d)
1 0
i 0
0 1
0 1
82.If one of the eigen values of a square matrix A order 3 * 3 is zero then,
(a) det A must be non -zero (b) det A must be zero (c) adj A must be a zore matrix (d) none of these
(a)
ANSWERS
72(A) (B)(C) 73 (C)74 (A)(B) (C) 75 (D) 76 (D) 77 (A) (B) 78(A) (C) 79 (B)(C)
80 (C) 81(D) 82 (B)
72.
if A,B,C,D,F,G,H are the cofactors of a,b.c,d,e,f,g,h then

(i) BC F 2 a , CA G 2 b, AB H 2 c;
(ii) GH AF f, HF BG g, FG CH h .
it will be sufficient to prove one of each set. Consider first
CA G 2 b .
Now CA G 2
aA hH gG
hA bH fG
gA fH cG
A G
G C
h
b
f
A
H
G
(CA G ) h
f H
O C
O C
aG hF gC
hG bF fC
gG fF cC
o
o
h
b
f
o
o b2
A
G
O G
F
Hence CA G 2 b .
73.
Consider the expression:
E x 2 sin 2 A y 2 sin 2B z 2 sin 2C 2 yz sin A 2 zx sin B 2 xy sin C

We prove the result by show
ing that E can be expressed as the product of two factors linear in x,y,zNow in any triangle ABC
sin A sin B sin C
k
a
b
c
using this property and the identity sin 2 2 sin . cos we obtain
E
ax 2 cos A by 2 cos B cx 2 cos C ayz bzx cxy
2k
Again
a b cos C c cos B
b a cos C c cos A
c b cos A a cos B
E
ax 2 cos A by 2 cos B cx 2 cos C b cos C c cos B yz a cos C c cos A zx
2k
(b cos A a cos B ) xy
( ax by cz )( x cos A y cos B z cos C )

Hece E can be written as the product of two factors linear in x,y,z. Thuis
sin 2 A
sin C
sin B
sin C
sin 2 B
sin A 0
sin B
sin A
sin 2C
74
Next consider FH BG g.
Now
H
HF BG
B
Hence
0 H
G
0 B
F
1 F
G
F
C
( HF BG ) h
f 0
g
f
c
aH Hb gF
hH bB fF
gH fB cF
0 g2
0 H
1
aG hF gC
hG bF fC
gG fF cC
Hence HF BG g
Similarly, GH AF f and FG CH h
75 (d) : By putting x = 0 an both sides of the equation we have
1 2 0
0 1 2 9
g=
differentiaing both sides and then putting x =0, we get f= -5.
2 0 1
76.(d): Degree of L.H.S. = n+n +2+n+3 and that of R.H.S.= 2 n 1
77. The number of third-order determinant = the number of arrangements of nine different numbers in nine
places =9!. Corresponding to each determinant made, there is a determinant obtained by interchanging
two consecutive rows (or columns). so, the sum of this pair will be 0.
the sum of all the determinants
0 0 0 .....to
9!
times 0
2
n
f (n) n!
78.
1
n 1
n 1!
1
n2
n 1
n 2! n! n.n!
1
1 .0
1
n 1. n 1!
0
(using C3 C3 C2 , C 2 C2 C1 )
n 1 n 1!n n! n!{n 1 n}.

2
eiA
79.
z e iA eiB eiC e i C B
e i B C
e i C A e i B A
eiB
e i A B
e i AC
e iC
because
e i ( A B C ) e i cos i sin 1, etc.

0
2eiA
eiA
2e iB
0
e iB
0
0
(using R1 R1 R3 , R2 R2 R3 )
eiC
2e iB {2e i ( AC ) } 4e i ( A B C ) 4ei 4.
80.
1
2 1
A 2 3
4
1 1 2
1
0 0
2
I 0 0 A I 2
3
0 0
1
1
4
2
det( A I ) ( 1)( 1)( 3)

this the characteristic roots are -1,1&3.
81. (a) is not correct since its characteristic determinant
characteristic equation is 2 1 0
1,1 eigen values are 1 & -1
we similarly note that matrices given in choice (b) and (b) and (c) have eigen values 1 and -1.
they are not correct. (d) has characteristic equation (1 ) 2 = 0

eigen values are not 1 & -1
choice (d) is correct
a1
A a2
82. Let A=
a3
b1
b2
b3
c1
a1
c2
A I a2
than
c3
a3
b1
b2
b3
c1
c2
c3
det( A I ) ( a1 )[(b2 )(c3 ) b3c2 ] b1[(c3 ) c2 c3 ] c1[ a2 b3 a3 (b2 )].

now one of the eigen values is zero, one root of should be zero
constant term in the above polynomial is zero
a1b2c3 a1b2c3 b1a2 c3 b1c2 a3 a1a2 a3 c1a3b2 0 (collecting constant terms).

But this value is value of determinant of A.
det A = 0
A should be non-singular..
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
83. If A is non-singular matrix, then show that adj (adj A) = A
n 1
84. If A is a square matrix of order n, prone that adj( adjA) A
n 12
85. If A and B are two square matrixs. such that B A1 BA , then prove that ( A B) 2 A2 B 2
86. Find the value of ( p 1 ) interms of p where p is non-singular matrix and hence show that
adj (Q 1 BP 1 ) PAQ given taht B A & P Q 1

a
87. If A 1 b
1
,B 0
a 2
f
x

U g , V 0 , X y
0
h
z

and AX = U has infinitely many solutions, prove that if agf 0 , then BX = V has no solution.
88. find the invrse of the
where
b c
1
cb
2
b c
ca
c a
0
S 1
matrix
1
1
0
1
1
1
and show that SAS 1 is a diagonal matrix
b a
a b
a b
a c
B2
89
If A & B are different matrices satisfying A3 B 3 & A 2 B B 2 A Find
90
Prove that If A is
91
Show that if A & B are n n matrices with realentries and AB = On then get
I
92
22
real entries then get
Fn 0
0 for any positive integer P & Q
Let A,B, C be n n real matrices that are pairwise communthetics A, B, C On Prove that
Get
93
A2 P B
n n matrix with
B 3 C 3 get (A + B+ C) 0
Let A,B be two & square matrices such that A+B = AB . Prove that AB =BA
sin sin2 sin3
94.

sin
sin
sin
sin
Show that sin sin2 sin3 26 sin sin sin sin
sin
2
2
2
2
2
2
sin sin2 sin3
95.
Find all the values of t for which the system of equations.
(t 1) x (3t 1) y 2tz 0 (t 1) x ( 4t 2) y (t 3) z 0 2 x (3t 1) y 3(t 1) z 0

has a non-trivial solution.
b c 2
96. Prove that
c2
a2
a2
c a
b2
c2
a b 2
2 abc ( a b c ) 3
97
cos x y sin x y cos x y a 2

sin x y cos x y sin x y sin 2( x y )
Show that
sin x 2
0
sin 2 y
a3
a3
a2
a2
a
b
1
1
98. Evaluate the determinant a 3
a2
a2
c
d
1
1
99. solve
x2 a 2
x2 b2
x2 c2
x a x b x c 3
x a 3 x b 3 x c 3
100. show that -(a+b+c) is one root of the equation

x a b
c
b x c a 0
c
a x b
101. solve the equation
102. Solve the equation
x3 a3
b3 a3
c3 a3
and solve the equation completely..

x2
b2
c2
x
b
c
= 0 where b, c are unequal.
1 x
1
2
2 x
3
3
4
4
3 x
4 x
ANSWERS
86
Solution:
83. Let B(adjB) B I n Replacing B by adj A
(adj A)(adj (adj A)) = adjA I n or ( adjA )( adj ( adjA)) A
or A ( adj ( adjA)) A
n 1
AI n or A ( adj ( adjA )) A
84. adj(adjA) adjA ( adjA) 1 = A A 1 A A 1
n 1
n 1
I n or A( adjA)( adj ( adjA)) A A
A or adj ( adjA) A
A A1 A1 A1
n 2
n 1
In
{as kA k n A }
n2
1
1
1
as A A
A
85. B A1 BA AB AA 1 BA BA AB BA 0 and
( A B) 2 ( A B)( A B) A2 AB BA B 2 A2 B 2 Hence Proved.
1
86. adjX X X
adj P 1 P 1 P 1
{as P 1 P
1
1
1
}
P P P
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
Also adj Q BP Q BP (Q BP ) Q 1 B P 1 P 1 P 1
=Q
87.
B P PB 1Q {as Q P 1}
a 1 0
Consider[A:U]= 1 b d
1 b c
f
g
h
B 1 Q 1
f
a 1 0
1 b d
g
1 b c d h g
...........(i)
it is obvious that if (i) holds then, B = 0
BX = V has no unique solution.

Now consider [B:V] =
a
0
=
f
f
g
a
f
h
a
0
f
a2
0
af
1
d
g
1
c
h
a2
0
0
apply R3 R3
f
R1
a
1
f
apply R3 R3 g R2
d
a
1
a2
a 1
0 d
c
0
=
f c
f
0 0 h g af
a d
a
afd 0 a, f and d are nonzero af is nonzero
Also,as (i) holds h a d g a 0 BX = V has no solution if afd 0 .
adjP
P B B 1Q P(adjB)Q PAQ {as adj B = A}
applying R3 R3 R2
AX =U has infinitely many solutions

c= d and h = g
88.
s 2 and adj
1 1 1
1 1 1
1
S 1 1 1 S 1 1 1 1
2
1 1 1
1 1 1
0 1 1b c c a b a
0 2a 2a
1
1
also, SA 2 1 0 1c b c a a b 2 2b 0 2b
1 1 0b c a c a b
2c 2c 0
1
SAS
and
89.
0
1
2b
4
2 c
2
2a
0
2c
2a 1
2 b 1
0 1
1
4 a
1
1 0
4
0
1
1
1
3
0
4b
0
0 a
0 0
4 c 0
0
b
0
0
0
c
which is a diagonal matrix.
We have ( A B )( A B ) A A B AB B . since A B , this shows that A2 B 2 has

a zero divisor. Hence it is not invertible, so its determinant is 0.
90. Write A 2 I n A iI n A iI n , where i is the imaginary unit. If 1 , 2 .......n are the eigenvlues
ofA,
then
d
the
t
eigen
values
1 i, 2 i.......n i ,Hence
A iI n are
of
A 2 iI n (1 i ), (2 i ).......(n i )
det A 2 iI n ( 1 i ), (2 i).......(n i )
. Subce A has reak entries, its complex eigen values come in pairs of conjugate
numbers. By using the formulas
( a bi i )(a bi i) ( a 2 b 2 1) 2ai
and
(a bi i )(a bi i) (a 2 b 2 1) 2ai
, we see that det A iI n and det A iI n can be written as products of terms that
are complex conjugate of each other. Hence the determinats themselves are complex conjugates of
each other, which implies that their product is nonnegative real number.
91.
By the previous problem, we have det I n A 2 p 0 and det I n B 2 q 0 . from AB 0 n We ob

tain A2 p B 2 q 0 n .thus
det( I n A 2 p B 2 q ) det( I n A 2 p B 2 q A 2 p B 2 q )
det(( I n A 2 p )( I n B 2 q ))
det( I n A 2 p ) det( I n B 2q )
92.
Let 1 be a third root of unit. Since A,B,C commute and ABC 0 n , we can write,
A3 B 3 C 3 A3 B 3 C 3 3 ABC
A B C ( A 2 B 2 C 2 AB BC CA)
A B C ( A B 2C )( A 2 B C )
Hence
A B C ( A B 2C )( A B 2C )
det( A3 B 3 C 3 ) det A B C
det( A B C ) det( A B 2C ) det( A B 2C )
2
(det A B C ) 2 det( A B 2C ) det( A B 2C )

2
(det A B C ) 2 det( A B 2 C ) 0.
93. Since AB A B 0 n , by adding I n to both sides and factoring we obtain I n AI n B I n .

follows that I n A is invertible, and its inverse is I n B . Hence I n AI n B I n , which implies
AB A B 0 n , . Consequently, BA A B AB .
94.
sin
sin
2 sin cos
2 sin cos
sin ( 4 cos 2 1)
sin ( 4 cos 2 1)
sin
2 sin cos
sin ( 4 cos 2 1)
sin [3 4(1 cos 2 )]
sin 3 ,3 sin 4 sin 3
(4 cos 2 1) sin
Take sin , sin , sin common from R1 , R2 andR3 .
sin sin sin
1
1
2 cos
2 cos
2 cos
1
1
1
=8 sin sin sin
95. For non-triival solution
t 1
t 1
2
cos 2
cos 2
cos 2
cos
cos
cos
3t 1
4t 2
3t 1
1
1
4 cos 2 1
4 cos
4 cos
2t
t3 0
3 ( t 1)
t 1
0
3t 1
t3
2t
3t
( R2 R2 R1
3t
t3
R3 R3 R1 )
t 1
(t 3) 2 0
1
3t 1
1
0
2t
1 0
t3
(t 3) 2 [(t 1)(1) (3t 1)(1) 2t (1)] 0 (t 3)3 [t 1 3t 1 2t ] 0 t 0 or t 3

96. Subtracting the second column from the third and the first from the second
(b c ) 2
a2
b2
c2
(c a ) 2 b 2
0
b 2 (c a ) 2
(a b ) 2 c 2
(b c ) 2
( a b c )( a b c )
b2
c2
( c a b )( a b c )
0
( a b c )( a b c )
( a b c )( a b c )
(b c ) 2
(a b c )
b
c2
abc
abc
0
abc
abc
subtract from the first row the sum of the second and third rows. then
2 bc
(a b c)2 b 2
c2
2c
abc
0
2b 2c
abc
abc
bc
2( a b c) 2 b 2
bc
a b c a b c
c2
abc
Now add the second column on to the third and we have

c
bc
2
2( a b c ) b
a bc
abc
c2
maltiply the third column by c and add to the first.

c
abc
0
0
2(a b c)
b2
c (a b )
2
b
0
abc
Finding along the frist column.
2(a b c) 2 {b 2c(a b c) c(a b)(a b c)}

2bc(a b c) 2{b(a b c) (a b)(a b c)}
2abc(a b c)3
97. Subtracting the third column from the first,
2 cos( x y)
sin( x y ) cos( x y )
0
cos( x y ) sin( x y )
sin 2 x sin 2 y
0
sin 2 y
2 cos( x y)
sin( x y )
cos( x y )
cos( x y)
sin( x y )
2 cos( x y) sin( x y )
sin 2 y
1
2 cos( x y )
0
sin( x y )
0
sin 2 y
multiply the first row by sin(x-y) and subtract from the third, then
1
2 cos( x y ) 0
0
sin( x y )
cos( x y )
cos( x y )
sin( x y ) sin( x y )
sin( x y )
sin 2 y sin( x y ) sin( x y )
sin( x y )
2 cos( x y ) 0
cos( x y )
sin( x y )
sin( x y ) sin( x y )
2 cos( x y ) sin( x y )
cos( x y )
sin 2( x y ){cos2 ( x y ) sin 2 ( x y )} sin 2( x y ).
98.
Subtract the first row from the second, third and fourth rows and them expand along the fourth column.
thus
a3
3
b a
a2
3
c3 a3
b3 a3
b a
c2 a2
d 2 a2
b3 a 3
ba 0
c3 a3
ca 0
b3 a 3
d a 0
b2 a 2
c2 a2
ba
ca
d 2 a2
d a
a 2 ab b 2
(b a )(c a )(d a ) a 2 ac c 2
ab 1
ac 1
a 2 ad d 2
ad 1
Now subtract the first row from the second and third fourth rows and then expand along the fourth .
Thus
a 2 ab b 2
(b a )(c a )(d a ) c 2 b 2 ac ab
d 2 b 2 ad ad
a b 1
ac 0
d b 0
(c b ) (a b c) c b
( d b) ( a b d ) d b
(b a )(c a )(d a )
= (b a )(c a )( d a )(c b)(d b)
a bc
abd
I
I
( a b)( a c)( a d )(b c)(b d )(c d ).

99. For x where a,b,c, are unequal.
adding the second row to the third.
x2 a2

(x a)3
2 x( x 2 3a 2 )
x2 b2
( x b)3
2 x ( x 2 3b 2 )
x2 c2
x2 a2
3
(x c)
2 x ( x a )3
2
2
x 2 3a 2
2 x ( x 3c )
x2 b2
( x b )3
x 2 3b 2
x2 c2
(x c)3
x 2 3c 2
adding the first row to the third,

x2 a2
x2 b2
x2 c2
4 x ( x a )3
( x b)3
( x c)3
x a
x2 a2
4 x ( x a) 3
x2 a 2
x b
x2 c2
a2 b2
a2 c2
( a b)(3 x 2 3ax 3bx b 2 ab a 2 ) ( a b)(3 x 2 3ax 3bx c 2 ac a 2 )
b2 c2
c2 a2
x2 a2
4 x ( a b )( a c ) ( x a ) 3
x2 a2
ab
ac
3 x 2 3 ax 3 bx b 2 ab a 2
3 x 2 3 ax 3 bx c 2 ab a 2
(a b)
(c a)
x2 a2
a b
3
2
4 x(a b)(a c) ( x a ) 3 x 3ax 3bx b 2 ab a 2
x2 a2
8 x 3 (a b)(a c )
8 x 3 (a b)(a c)
ab
2
ca
2
3 x 3ax 3bx b ab a
ab
3 x 3ax 3bx b 2 ab a 2
2
8 x 3 (a b )(a c)(c b)
ac
3 x 3ax 3bx c 2 ab a 2
2
3 x 3ax 3bx c 2 ab a 2
cb
3bx 3cx c 2 ab b 2 ac
ab
3 x 3ax 3bx b 2 ab a 2
2
1
3x a b c
8 x 3 ( a b)(a c)(c b)( 3 x 2 ab bc ca).

100. Adding the second and third rows to the first,
xabc xabc xabc
b
xc
a
c
a
xb
1
1
1
xa bcb xc
a
c
a
xb
Hence x = - (a+b+c) is one solution of the equation. Now subtract the first column from the second and from
the third. we have
1
0
0
xabcb xcb
a b
c
ac
xbc
( x a b c)( x 2 a 2 b 2 ab bc ca)
101. Subtract the first row from the second and third. then
x3 a
3
x a
x2 a
3
3
2
x2
b x
c2 x2
b x
c x
x3 a3
( b x )( c x ) b bx x 2
c 2 cx x 2
2
x2
b x
c x
x
1
1
subtract the second row from the third.

( b x )( c x )
x3 a3
b bx x 2
x2
b x
x
1
c 2 b 2 cx bx
c x
x3 a3
( b x )( c x )( c b ) b bx x 2
2
Expanding along the third row,
(b x)(c x)(c b){(b c x)(bx) ( x 3 a 3 b 2 x bx 2 x 3 )}

= (b x)(c x)(c b)(a 3 bcx).
Hence the solutions of
0 are x b, c or a 3 / bc.
b c x
x2
b x
x
1
102. Subtract the second row from the first and from the thirds and fourth. Then

1
0
2 x
x
3
x
4
0
1
1
1
2 x
0
3
0
4
Now subtract the first rowfromthe second. then

x
0
0
3 x
1
3
1
4
0
3 x
1
1
1
0
0
1
And the first column to the third and expand along the third row. thus
3 x
x3 1
1
3
1
0
7 x
1
1
Hence x= 0,0,0 or -10.
= x 3 (3 7 x ) x 3 ( x 10)
94.
Statement 1 : The order of the matrix A is 5 3 and that of the matrix B is 4 5 , then the
product BA is not possible
because
Statement 2 : Number of columns of A number of rows of B.
Comprehension
Let A be a square matrix of order 2 or 3 and I be the identity matrix of the same order, then
the matrix A I is called characteristic matrix of the matrix A, where is some complex
number. The determinant of the characteristic matrix is called characteristic determinant of the
matrix A which will of course be a polynomial of degree 3 in
The equation det ( A I ) 0 is called characteristic equation of the matrix A and its roots are
called characteristic roots or eigen values. It is known that every square matrix satisfied its
characteristic equation.
95
If one of the eigen values of a square matrix A or order 3 3 is zero , then

(A) det A must be non -zero
(B) det A must be zero
(C) adj A must be a zero matrix
(D) none of these.
'
If A denotes transpose of matrix A, A A = 1 and det A = 1, Then det (A-I) must be equal
to
(A) 0
(B) -1
(C) 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
(D) none of these.
1
0 1 1 I 0 1 0
1
A2 cA dI , then the value of c and d are
and A
If A=
6
0 2 4
0 0 1
96
97
(A) - 6, - 11
(C) -6, 11
98
.If
x2 a2
x a 3
x2 b2
x b 3
(B) 6, 11
(D) 6, -11
x2 c2
x c 3 0
x a 3 x b 3 x c 3
Then value of x are where a,b, c, are unequal
(A) 0
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D)
1
ab bc ca
3
1 EXTRA QUESTION
A
cos
sin
sin
cos
cos
A2
sin
cos sin 2
2
cos . sin
cos 2
sin 2
A3 A 2 A
sin cos
cos sin
cos . sin sin . cos
sin . cos
sin
sin
cos 2
cos 2
cos 2
sin 2
sin 2 cos
cos 2 sin
cos 2 . cos sin 2 . sin

2
sin
cos
cos 2 . sin sin . cos
sin . cos cos . sin
cos 2 . cos sin 2 . sin

sin 2 . cos cos 2 . sin
sin
cos
sin 2 . sin cos 2 cos
cos 2 . sin sin . cos

sin 2 . sin cos 2 cos

Matrices and Determinants

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LEVEL - I

Model Question :Problem based on operation on two matrices

, then the sum of element of X is equal to

then the sum of the elements of the matrix 3X -4Y

(B) AB ' B ' A '

8. For the equations x 2 y 3 z 1,2 x y 3 z 2,5 x 5 y 9 z 4

are not identical.

9. Statement 1 : The determinants

U1 , U 2 , U 3 then answer the following questions

is 3 3 matrix whose columns are

11. The value of [U] is

12. The sum of the elements of U 1 is

The matrix X is equal to such that 3A - 2B + X = 0 , where

I is the identity matrix of order 2. Then ( I -A).

(D) None of these.

20. . The system of linear equations x y z 0,2 x y z 0,3 x 2 y 0

(A) has no solution

(B) has a unique solution

Statement 1 : If A is a matrix of order 2 2, then ladjA = A . because

A) Statement -1 is true, statement=2 is true ; statement -2 is a correct explanation for statement -1

Comprehension - 2 is an imaginary cube root of unity..

is an imaginary cube root of unity .

If C & D are symmetric matrices of order 3 3

From (i) x 3, from(iii ) y 5and from (ii) z =2

1.5 (2)4 3.0]13

10 sin 3 2 11cos 2 14 314 cos 2 16 0

log a n 1 log r log a n log r log a n 1 log r

and A +B - C =0, then C =

If A and B are square matrices of order 3, then

the system of equations.

x y z 6, x 2 y 3 x 10, x 2 y z have no solution are

33. If T p , Tq , Tr are the p th , q th and r th terms of an A.P ., then

(C) Adj AdjA

then [F(x). G y ]1 is equal to

(D) G (-y) F(-x)

cos sin cos 2

(D) Neither nor

A B C , then the value of

Suppose x, y, z are positive and none of x,y, z is 1. If

sin x y cos x y sin 2 z

, then the value

a11 x1 a12 x2 ..............a1n xn b1;

Let 2 x y z 4, x 3 y 2z 12,3x 2 y kz 10. The value of k in the above system of

If x y z 6, x 2 y 3 z 10, x 2 y , the values of and

, for which the system

ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS

The required conditions are |A| = 0 and (adj A ) B=0

1 1 sin 2 sin sin sin 1 sin 2 1

cos 2 sin sin

Answer (A) ,(B) ,(d)

( as C1 and C3 are same)

The solution is unique

The required conditions are A 0

If A is the diagonal matrix diag ( d1 , d 2 d 3 ...............d n ) then An , n N , is

(A) diag nd1 , nd 2 , nd 3 ........nd n

(C) diag d1n 1 , d 2n 1 , d 3n 1 ,.............d nn 1

(A) a = a cos 2 , b sin 2

(D) none of these.

If A and B are any a a matrices , then det (A+B) = 0 implies

(B) diag d1n , d 2n , d 3n ,.............d nn

The number of distinct real roots of

cos x cos x sin x

For what value of x, the matrix,

If the trace of the matrix : A = 1