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Ryerson University
Department of Mechanical and Indnstrial Engineering
Meichaillics I
MEC 516 Fluid Mechanics
MidtE'rm
Midterm Exam
October 26, 2009

15:10 -17:00
Instructor: Prof. W. Leong

Associate Ex,aminer:
Examiner: Prof. Z. Saghir

Instructions:
1.
L This is a closed-book
clo,scII-boo,kexam,
exam, i.e. no aids permitted. Only a scilentitiic
scientific calculator
c:alcullltor (noncommunicable and non-programmable) is allowed.
2. Write your solutions using pen only (no pencil).
3. Read each question carefully. It is your responsibility to write clearly and legibly.
Illegible solutions will not be graded.
diagra:ms
4. Always sketch free-body diagram indicating the forces involved and system diagrams
indicating relevant information, such as, control volume with dashed lines, symbols,
distances, velocities, locations, etc ..
5. State all assumptions made for answering the questions.
t'"'llm's to have consistent
COIlsi:;tellt units in your solutions, and
6. Use necessary unit conversion factors
make sure that the final answers are in the renruil'ed
required units.

7. Fonnula
Formula and data sheet is on page 2.
Failure to do these things will result in loss of marks, even if the correct answer is obtained.

EC

Marks (in %) are shown on the question sheets.

Name: _ _' - - - - -

Section: O~

Marks
Marks:
--_._--_.
1
I

Ip)

II
)'2.A:.

4
Total:

So~

Page 1lof7
of7

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Page 2 of7

Formula and Data Sheet

Ideal-gas law:
lU\.i'"-g'''

P
p = pRT, R aial, = 287 J 1I kg K

Surface tension: t\p

/';p

= Y(R
Y(Rr-r
R2~1 ))
,- ' - R~I

Hydrostatics, constant density:

Hydrostatic panel force:

h-Pl
p, - PI

.F=yhcc;A, Yep =

l'
F; =

CVmass: O=!!....
~

~
fI,'d
Yflwd

A=bL,1
A = b L, Ixx
= bL' 112,!xy =0; A=7rR',!xx =7rR 14,1
14,/xy
xy =0
xx =bL

Centroidalmomentsofinertia:
Centroidal
moments of inertia:
B
Buoyant
uoyant "force:
lorce:

=-r(z,-zJ,
p=rh+Pa'
=-r(z, -zJ, P=
rh+ Po' r=pg
r= pg

V dt.'placed
\I
dl.'plae,d

fpdl/+ "(pAV)
v)out_ -- "(PAV)
L
L (PAV)inm
Yo,

CV momentum:

F-

f~'

Table 1.1 Primary Dimensions in

Primary dimension
Mass 1M)
{M}
Lenglh IL}
[L)

Kilogram (kg)
Meter (m)

Time IT}
Tim'
Temperature {,
{I)

Second (s)
Kelvin (K)

,'liable 1.2 Secondary Dimensions

Area IL')
IL'I

EC

3
Volume (L
(L:l1
)
Velocity ILr-')I
2
Acceleral.ion (l.T
Acceie1'3.1jon
ILT--"}
}
2J
{MCIT"
Pressure or stress (ML
-IT-1.J
Angu1ar
veloclty IT-II
AnguJa.r velocity
IT- J )
2
Bnergy, heat, work
-2}
Energy,
wOIk {ML
IML'T
-'I
Power IML'T-')
{ML'1"-' I
Dengity IML
Density
[ML -3J
-')
1
(ML-1T-'}
Viscosity {ML--'TJ
2
Specific heat {L
(L 22Te- 1 J)
T -28:-

fable
rable A.I Viscosity and Density of
Water at 1 atm

T,oC
T~ <Ie

p, kg/ml

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

1000
1000
998
996
992
988
983
978
972
965
958

Table
Toole A.2 Viscosity a..,d
ailld Density of
Air at 1 atm

T,oe
1',
.,c
--40
-40
(}
0
20
50
100
150
t50
200
250
300
4CO
400
500

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Page 2 of 6

p, kglm l

1.52
129
1.20
[,09
L09
0.946
0.835
0.746
0.675
0.616
0.525
0.457

p.,
/L, N .

Conversion factor

rt'
ri'
it'
ft'

m/s
ml'
m!s2
mig'

ft/S
ftf'
ftfg'
ft/s2
Ibr/tt'
s-'
s
it
ft . lof
Ibf
ft
f! . Ibf/g
Ibf/s
,Iugs!fl'
slugs1ft'
slugs/(ft s)
slugsl(ft
5)
fi'/(,'
rt'/(g' . OR)

m3
m'

NJm2
Pa ...."
""" N/m2
,-I

,-'

l~N'm
J=N'rn
~ J/,
JI,
W=
kglm3
kflm'

kgl(m . ,)
kg/(m
s)
m12/(s2 . K)

1.788 E-3
1.307 E-3
B-3
1.003 E-3
O~799 Ii-)
0.799
E-3
O~657 E-3
0.657
0.548 -3
E-3
OA67
0.467 1l-3
B-3
DADS
0.405 E-3
0.355 E-3
0.316 E-3
0.283 E-3

s/m'l.2
p., N . slm

1.5t
1.51 E-5
1.71 E-5
B-5
1.80 E-5
Il- 5
1.95 E-5
2.17 E-5
2.38 E-5
B-S
2.57 1l-5
B-S
2.75 E-5
2.93 E-5
E-~5
3.25
3~25 E-5
B-5
3.55 E-5
B-5

BG unit
unif

10'
m'

slm2

v,
P,

m2/s

1.788 E6
E-6
1.307 E-6
1.005 E-6
0.802 E-6
0.662 ij-6
E-6
D~555 E-6
8-6
0.555
0.475 1i-6
E-6
0.414 E-6
B-6
0.4t4
0.365 E-6
B-6
0.3276-6
0.327 B-6
0.295 E-6

P,

1I slug ~ 14.5939
14~5939 kg
1I ft =
~ 0.3048 m
I) s = 11. s
1I K ~ 1.8'R
1.8R

Slug'
Slug
Foot (ft)
Second (g)
Soomd
(s)

Rankine ("R)

SI unit

Sec.ondary dimension

ConversIuu
Conv~rsion factor

BGunH
BG
unit

SI unit

SI
81 and BG Systems

Mecha,,;cs
mFluid Mechanics

d [ v"V p dV +
dt

m2/s

0.99 8-5
E-5
1.33 1l-5
E-5
1.50 E-5
B-5
1.79 E-5
E~5
2.30 E-5
B-5
2.85 E-5
B-5
3.45 E-5
B-5
4.08 8-5
4.0B
E-5
4.75 B-5
6.20 -5
E-5
7.77 ,E-""j
B-5

T, OF
T,"'F

32
50
68

86
104
122
140
158
n6
1-76
194
212

1I m' ~ 10.764 It'

rt'
m3l = 35.315 ftl
1m
fit!!
~ 0.3048 mls
I ft/s
rtl, ~ml'
I ftfi'
ft/s7. =~ 0.3048 mli'
m/..r
1I Ibflft'
IbOO' =
= 47.88 Pa
P.
IS-I1 = 1818ls- 1
1 ft . Ibf ~ 1.3558 1J
1I ft . lbf/'
Ibf/' =
~ 1.3558 W
1 'iuglft'
'l"glft' =
= 515.4 kg/m'
I ,Iug/(ft
g) ~
,lng/(ft . ,)
= 47.88 kg/(m
kJlI(m . s)
5)
1I m'/(,'
OR)
m'I(,' . K) =~ 5.980
5~980 tt'/(,'
f?-I(s' .~ 'R)

p, slugtW
1',

/"
/L, Ib . ,Iff
sift'

v,
JI'~ t?-/s
rtt/s

1.940
1.940
1.937
1.932
1.925
1.917
1.908
1.897
1.886
1.873
1.859

B-5
3.73 E-5
2.73 E-5
B-5
2.09 6-5
E-5
1.67 1l-5
E-5
137 6-5
1.37
85
l.I4
1.14 B-5
0.975 1l~5
0.9756-5
0.8468-5
E-5
0.741 8-5
0.660 E-5
0.591 8-5
E-S

1.925 E-5
B-5
1.407 E-5
B-5
1.082
J.[i!l2 E-5
0.864 E-5
0.713 8-5
B-5
0.597 8-5
E-5
{l.51!
E-5
0.511 6-5
0.4468-5
OM68-5
0.393 E-5
0.352 E-5
0.318 E-5
0318

,1ft'
sift'

T, OF
T,"'fi'

slug/ftJJ
p, slug/n

p., Ib .
/L,

-40
32
68
122
212
3()2
302
392
482
572
752
932

2.94 E-3
2.51 B-3
2.34 B-3
2.12 E-3
B-3
t.84 1l-3
1.84
E-3
1.62 E-3
B-3
B-3
1.45 E-3
1.31E~3
1.31
B-3
1.20 E-3
B-3
1.02 E-3
B-3
0.89 E-3

3.161l-7
3.16
E-7
3.58 E-7
3.76 E-7
B-7
4.08 E-7
4.54 B-7
4.97 il-7
E-7
5.37 E-7
B-7
5,75
5.75 B-7
B-7
6.11 E-7
6.79
6.19 E-7
7.41 E-7
B-7

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p~
P,

rrls,
tr/s,

1.07 E-4
1.43 E-4
1.61
1.61
1.93 E-"
2.47 E'"
3~1l1 E-'j
3.07
3.71 E- .
4.39
439E-4
5.12
5.12
6.67 E-.
8.37 E-4
B.37

E~!

E-1

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Pagc3
Page 3 of7

Problem 1 (20% Marks)

On a calm day with
""1th air temperature of 20 0 e and barometric pressure of 1 atm, a skydiver goes
for skydiving. Before opening parachute, the drag force on the skydiver is approximated by the
FD = e JI
J.L pV 2
following relation:

where e is a constant, JI
J.L is the air viscosity, p is the air density, and V is the velocity of falling
skydiver.
(a) Detennine
Determine the dimensions of the constant e, in terms
primary dimensions.
tenns of the m:i!!!!,[Y~:rl!e~ill!li.
(b) If the skydiver has a total weight of 580 N and a body volume of 0.3 m3, using e = 1.528x
l.528x 11004
with the basic SI units for its dimensions obtained from part (a), find the terminal velocity V,
in mis, of the skydiver?

<1

~-

~/
b)

v-

"

C,.{;\j2

ftP 18j

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,~'""

Page 4 of7

A
. 2 (300/, Ma""j
Problem
.
'
A gate
in
the diagram below
b 1 is
' 30 em high, 60 em wide into the paper, which is hinged at top
at
0 anIII
d prevented
to 0e ow
e IS 30 cm h'Igh, 60 cm wide into
right!
n
to
left by a block
is. hinged
at its top
gate
to
open
to
the
at 0
prevented to
. B. What
_ water depth
p , ;Vhich
III In,
m, will
first cause
the
gate to open to the right?

wate~~:~e~,

~--.-----L-~

water at
200t

II

J
I

--I

a AiratlOkPa

(gage)

hC[)~ ~';"b'l)\
h ~ h,l{l(

""

,I

hc<J..

q)::h

:::::1

.;j

r"

.x

8 ('h

.rB)

,,"- /Ole

r:. "" 6o~1

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/1,<-

7_.I'C"''' I

M 0
0 '"

~ (0,., (1"i',;t~,r)

(~

- A" ("r )

O~J<:J61(hJ')[.l~A (X-":~ 1] - 180~

Oy5)
v

=Q'1 bI h - 'Jl.I..i.1 S)[,,51' >.10.3

y.._.16 J -7...':::10

o ~ ::l~4.IE>h.
0::::

-i

h
i3:j}.~~~

l ~ (./. I h..j -~..:.:.:::-;:-;;:-h-. 15

(h-, 15)2'" .i5h.

Ch-.15) Z(,t.1./5),-+

_ ;,<L
;,G\.6Z25 -I,q8_ -2QO
-))-.1'0
0::: 0
( .l':') ,<226
.~
-I ,q 8- 2'l0'0

,'.2'",), -- (h-.I~)N

1.

i I

.ISL-

,----

4.1 ht.-

MECU

h-

::: ,,- 0 4 "15~ ')iiO

-52.8,3

wJJ ~tL

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Page50f7

Problem 3 (20% Marks)

c
A mercury manometer is connected at two points to a horizontal pipe with flowing water at 20
20C
e
meastrrin.g preSSUlre
for measuring
pressure drop due to pipe friction. If the manometer reading is h = 3.5 em, what is
dif'r",en,,,,. in Pa, between points 1
the pressure difference,
I and 27
2? Is the water flowing to the left or to the
right? Explain "lilly,
why, based on your result, the water is flowing in that direction.
dilecitiolil .
,
.A "'.)1'" ~ }-}-o
1) .\k <.J
...,.A~>"""<:..

()

I \

CD)

'. ,

'\ 1'01\'\ 'f'-e.l.'T - 5fW4

'/,

CAYMA

~ (YIJ.\"O~1<'\' ""~5~',-J \

~~

r-:7,,-,, ~

loss

~v(..,

:0(\
'Tc '" , . "of'
( I
~

f' _f<V.='J5'z,-J,/<"j,'h '~)

Jl V'"
~ < ~
W~ f,,::'
~-i,=- ~
-t

CV

....,_~3i-ed ~,.,.,.V~ I.b

water
water

-eq-<:.",h

----r;-

"~ \
~{' S,,"'~o,.....{, ~Y\>lcf\

ec..,).,<.~I- {uj

::;r

mercmy
13.55

'~~~'!JiPSGm ~

h:o~A-~
g, r:- (k~

j;) -==- -f

<Y)

/0 <-0@0/&

<j

-{JL,}

CVf'~@~
,~

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m'

r;;t~
0:: 1 $:lI3,&b)

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Page 70f7
7 of?

((
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.t\n
An extra blank page for writing, if needed,
needed.

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