Article 3 :

P1:
The electroplating wastewater, in the semiconductor industry,contains dissolved and suspended heavy metals
(such as Sn, Cr,Ni, Pb, and Cu, among others), making necessary to find a suitable water treatment to remove
them before disposal. Hazardous situa-tion are challenged when dissolved and suspended heavy metalsare not
completely removed before being discharged into thesewage.
P2:
In all these cases, wastewater content such as metals,organic matter (OM) and total suspended solids content
areincluded.
P3 :
Chemical precipitation has been applied to remove dissolvedheavy metals.
The general reaction for this process is: Mn+ + nOH M(OH)n (1)
where Mn+and OHrepresents the dissolved metal ions and theprecipitating agent, respectively, and M(OH) nis
the insoluble metalhydroxide.
P5 :
Zeta potential is an interfacial parameter related to the lowsolubility condition of dissolved metals when the
isoelectric pointis reached.
P7:
New technologies are oriented to mixed pollutants removal (i.e.particles, organic matter and metals
simultaneously). In particu-lar, the combined coagulationflocculation process is addressedto eliminate
suspended particles and insoluble substances. Eventhough, removal of toxic heavy metals from electroplating
waste-water by coagulationflocculation remains being a challenge dueto the mixed of chemicals such as
organic matter, suspended parti-cles and metallic cations. Until now, there are no physicochemicalmethod to
find the optimal dose for each contaminant removal bycoagulationflocculation, unless Jar test.
P8 :
This paper explores the chelating ability of commercial coagu-lant and flocculant polyelectrolytes (PEs) used in
real wastewatertreatments. Selected conditions for coagulationflocculation arepresented, as well as removal
mechanisms suggested for suspendedsolids, organic matter and metallic cations for four different strate-gies of
PE dosing.
P9:
To explain the mechanisms and interfacial phenomenaoccurring during coagulationflocculation process under
variousphysicochemical conditions, four different sets of experimentswere planned and developed. The
mechanism elucidation ofPEpollutants interactions can be used to set up the optimal processconditions for
wastewater treatment.
P10:
The first of four sets of experiments was the characterization ofelectroplating raw wastewater to compare
against the permissiblelimits of applicable Mexican environmental regulation (NOM-002-SEMARNAT-1996); the
second was to construct the _ = f(pH) graphsto establish different PE dosing strategies; and third, identify
thecoagulationflocculation regions for the removal of metals, sus-pended solids and organic matter.
P11:
The experimental strategy, to study the conditions ofcoagulationflocculation process was to examine the
profiles of_ = f(pH) of commercial PEs used in semiconductor assembly wastewater treatment plants. Once the
isoelectric point of the coagu-lant and flocculant was determined, as well as that of the sampledwastewater, PE
dosing was studied at different pH values. In paral-lel the effect of using an interpolyelectrolyte complex
flocculationin the selected window was tested. Finally, the effect efficiencyof coagulant dose in the flocculation
selected window by thedual flocculation process was established. Based on the nature ofthe interfacial

phenomena that occur between pollutants and PEsin the coagulation-flocculation process and the
electrochemicalnature of the measurements of zeta potential, the experimentalmethodology used allowed us to
determine the mechanisms ofcoagulationflocculation.