Having haemophilia means your blood cannot clot properly.

Contrary
to popular belief, this doesn't mean you are liable to bleed to death
from a minor cut, neither would you bleed faster than other people if
you get injured.
You can, however, bleed for longer. Although bleeding can be from
cuts or grazes on the skin, most bleeding that occurs is internal, into
muscles and joints.
Derived from the Greek words Haima' (blood') and philia' (a
tendency toward'), haemophilia is caused by a genetic irregularity
that is either passed from mother to child or occurs during a child's
development in the womb.
Because of the way it is passed from parents to their children the
vast majority of people with haemophilia are boys. There are two
types of haemophilia. Haemophilia A is the most common, affecting
one in 5,000 males. Haemophilia B affects about one in 30,000
males.
Haemophilia can affect people of any race or nationality and is
termed mild, moderate or severe, depending on the level of clotting
factor in the blood. Low levels of clotting factor indicates that
'spontaneous' bleeding is more likely to occur.
Bleeds are sometimes called spontaneous' because it is difficult to
say what led to the bleeding episode. Normally there is a clear
reason for a bleeding episode, whereas spontaneous' bleeds are
usually the result of an accumulation of wear and tear.

Thrombosis (Greek: ) is the formation of a blood

clot (thrombus; Greek: ) inside a blood vessel, obstructing
the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel
is injured, the body uses platelets (thrombocytes) and fibrin to form
a blood clot to prevent blood loss. Even when a blood vessel is not
injured, blood clots may form in the body under certain conditions. A
clot that breaks free and begins to travel around the body is known
as an embolus.[1][2]
When a thrombus is significantly large enough to reduce the blood
flow to a tissue, hypoxia (oxygen deprivation) can occur and
metabolic products such as lactic acid can accumulate. A larger
thrombus causing a much greater obstruction to the blood flow may
result in anoxia, the complete deprivation of oxygen and infarction,
tissue death. There are also a number of other conditions that can
arise according to the location of the thrombus and the organs
affected.
Thromboembolism is the combination of thrombosis and its main
complication, embolism.

Causes:
In classical terms, thrombosis is caused by abnormalities in one or
more of the following (Virchow's triad):

The composition of the blood

(hypercoagulability or thrombophilia)

Quality of the vessel wall (endothelial cell injury)

Nature of the blood flow (stasis, turbulence)

An embolism - from the Greek mbolos meaning "stopper" or "plug" - is the term
that describes a condition where an object called an embolus is created in one
part of the body, circulates throughout the body, and then blocks blood flowing
through a vessel in another part of the body. Emboli (plural of embolus) are not to
be confused with thrombi (plural of thrombus), which are clots that are formed
and remain in one area of the body without being carried throughout the
bloodstream.
What are different types of embolism?
Though most people are familiar with the term pulmonary embolism, describing
an embolus that clots an artery carrying blood to the lungs, there are several
other types of embolism. These include:

Brain embolism - a clot that can prevent blood flow to the brain and can
cause an ischemic stroke

Retinal embolism - small clots that can block blood flow to the retina of the
eye and can cause sudden blindness in an eye

Amniotic embolism - amniotic fluid during pregnancy that can form clots
and reach the lungs, resulting in pulmonary amniotic embolism

Air embolism - air bubbles that form clots in the arteries and block blood
flow, often seen in SCUBA divers who rise to the surface too quickly
Thromboembolism - a blood clot (thrombus) that breaks free to form an
embolus, capable of causing a heart attack
Cholesterol embolism - cholesterol from plaques in a blood vessel break
free and form a blockage

Fat embolism - fat droplets enter the blood stream and block blood flow,
usually a side-effect of certain surgeries or bone fractures
Septic embolism - embolism infected with bacteria containing pus
Foreign body embolism - any other small particle or object that enters the
circulatory system and manages to block the flow of blood.

Who is at risk of developing an embolism?

Any person who has a condition that increases the risk of blood clots also has a
higher risk of embolism. For example, heart diseases, blood abnormalities, HIV,
trauma to legs, cancer, infections, and menopause increase the risk of embolism
by making people more likely to develop blood clots. Elderly persons, obese
people, and pregnant women may also be more likely to develop emboli.

Myocardial infarction (MI; Latin: infarctus myocardii) or acute myocardial

infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood stops flowing
properly to a part of the heart, and the heart muscle is injured because it is not receiving
enough oxygen. Usually, this is because one of the coronary arteries that supplies blood
to the heart develops a blockage due to anunstable buildup of white blood
cells, cholesterol and fat. The event is called "acute" if it is sudden and serious.
Myocardial infarction differs from cardiac arrest, although cardiac arrest can be a
consequence of MI.
A person having an acute MI usually has sudden chest pain that is felt behind
the sternum and sometimes travels to the left arm or the left side of the neck.
Additionally, the person may have shortness of
breath, sweating, nausea, vomiting, abnormal heartbeats, and anxiety. Women
experience fewer of these symptoms than men, but usually have shortness of breath,
weakness, a feeling of indigestion, and fatigue.[1] In many cases, in some estimates as
high as 64%, the person does not have chest pain or has vague symptoms.[2] These are
called "silent" myocardial infarctions.
Important risks are previous cardiovascular disease, old age, tobacco smoking,
abnormal blood levels of certain lipids, diabetes,high blood pressure, lack of physical
activity, obesity, chronic kidney disease, excessive alcohol consumption, and the use
ofcocaine and amphetamines.[3][4] The main ways to determine if a person has had a
myocardial infarction are electrocardiograms(ECGs) that trace the electrical signals in

the heart and testing the blood for substances associated with damage to the heart
muscle. ECG testing is used to differentiate between two types of myocardial infarction
based on the appearance of the tracing. An ST section of the tracing higher than the
baseline is called an ST elevation MI (STEMI) which usually requires more aggressive
treatment. If this is not the case, the diagnosis is confirmed with a blood test
(usually troponin).
Immediate treatments for a suspected MI often include aspirin, which prevents further
blood from clotting; nitroglycerin, sometimes given to treat chest pain; and oxygen.
[5]

STEMI is treated by restoring circulation to the heart, called reperfusion therapy, and

typical methods are angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, and thrombolysis,
where the blockage is removed using medications. Non-ST elevation myocardial
infarction (NSTEMI) may be managed with medication, although angioplasty may be
required if the person is considered to be at high risk.[7] People who have multiple
blockages of their coronary arteries, particularly if they also have diabetes, may also be
treated with bypass surgery (CABG). MI is one of the manifestations of ischemic heart
disease, which was the leading cause of death for both men and women worldwide in
2011.

A stroke, sometimes referred to as a cerebrovascular

accident (CVA), cerebrovascular insult (CVI), or colloquially brain attackis the loss
of brain function due to a disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. This disturbance is
due to either ischemia (lack of blood flow) or hemorrhage.[1] As a result, the affected area of
the brain cannot function normally, which might result in an inability to move one or more
limbs on one side of the body, failure to understand or formulate speech, or a vision
impairment of one side of the visual field.[2]
Ischemia is caused by either blockage of a blood vessel via thrombosis or arterial embolism,
or by cerebral hypoperfusion.[3]Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by bleeding of blood vessels of
the brain, either directly into the brain parenchyma or into thesubarachnoid
space surrounding brain tissue.[4][5] Risk factors for stroke include old age, high blood
pressure, previous stroke ortransient ischemic attack (TIA), diabetes, high
cholesterol, tobacco smoking and atrial fibrillation.[2] High blood pressure is the most
important modifiable risk factor of stroke.[2]
A stroke is a medical emergency and can cause permanent neurological damage or death.
An ischemic stroke is occasionally treated in a hospital with thrombolysis (also known as a
"clot buster"), and some hemorrhagic strokes benefit from neurosurgery. Treatment to
recover any lost function is termed stroke rehabilitation, ideally in a stroke unit and involving
health professions such as speech and language therapy, physical therapy and occupational
therapy. Prevention of recurrence may involve the administration of antiplatelet drugs such

as aspirin, control of high blood pressure, and the use of statins. Some people may benefit
from carotid endarterectomy and the use of anticoagulants.[2]
Stroke was the second most frequent cause of death worldwide in 2011, accounting for
6.2 million deaths (~11% of the total).[6]Approximately 17 million people had a stroke in 2010
and 33 million people have previously had a stroke and were still alive. [7]Between 1990 and
2010 the number of strokes decrease by approximately 10% in the developed world and
increased by 10% in the developing world.[7] Overall two thirds of strokes occurred in those
over 65 years old.[7]
Symptoms of stroke are

Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the
body)

Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech

Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes

Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination

Sudden severe headache with no known cause