FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BMM3613 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

PROJECT REPORT
Title : TEMPERATURE HISTORY GRAPH
MONITOR USING ARDUINO

Lecturers Name : Dr. FADHLUR RAHMAN BIN MOHD

ROMLAY
NAME
Sharif Bin Mohd Zaki
Muhamad Magffierah Bin Razali
Ahmad Hakim Bin Badrul Hisham

MATRIC NO.
MH11016
MH11023
MH11017

SECTION NO.
01
01
01

Abstract
Description:
A history monitor graph is a special idea which makes to read the current ambient
temperature and calculate an average, minimum and maximum and display all these to the LCD
display.

Block diagram:

LM35
sensor)

(Temperatur

Arduino Uno

Display (LCD)

Platforms to be used:
Hardware: Arduino board, LM35 sensor, LCD Software: Arduino IDE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGES

ABSTRACT

ii

CHAPTER I

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background intro.
1.2
Aim of the project
1.3
Problem statement
1.4
Significance of this work
1.5
Conclusion

1
1
1
1
1-2

ARDUINO
2.1
Overview
2.2
Schematic and reference design
2.3
Summary
2.4
Power
2.5
Memory
2.6
Input and Output
2.7
Communication
2.8
Programming
2.9
Automatic reset
2.10 USB Overcurrent protection
2.11 Physical Characteristics

3
4
5
5-6
7
7-8
8
8-9
9
10
10

PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.1
Circuit diagram
3.2
Source code
3.3
Flow Chart
3.4
Program

11-12
12-20
21
22-26

REFERENCES

27
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1

Introduction

This project is designed to be a temperature data logger measuring the following with
respects to time:
1. Current Temperature
3

2. Average Temperature
3. Rate of Change in Temperature
1.2

Aim of the project

The aim of our project is to give information about surrrounding temperature, and displayed
it into the display, using arduino.

1.3

Problem statement
1. How can we accurately and purposefully present temperature data to a user?
2. How can we allow so many hardware components to communicate with each other?

1.4

Significance of this work

Initial motivations were to allow the user to be able to monitor temperature conditions, both from
their computer and in person.

Possible applications include:

Heating and Cooling Systems.

Geological/Environmental Temperature Surveying.

1.5

Conclusion

As
say

the
concluding
that--

part

of

this

project,

we

would like

to

"Without proper action at proper time, danger awaits us with a bigger face." We must act on
time when a person is injured. We must take care of person the way it is meant. otherwise, a
valuable life might be lost .We need to understand how precious lives of people are and what
importance first-aid carries in saving these precious lives.
If this project imparts this idea in even one person, I would think that the project will be
successful.
4

Chapter 2
ARDUINO
2.1

Overview

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 . It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic
resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB
cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver
chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a
USBto-serial converter.
Revision3 of the board has the following new features:
1.0 pinout: added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin and two other new pins
placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF that allow the shields to adapt to the voltage
provided from the board. In future, shields will be compatible both with the board that use
the AVR, which operate with 5V and with the Arduino Due that operate with
3.3V. The second one is a not connected pin, that is reserved for future purposes.
Atmega 16U2 replace the 8U2.
"Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0.
The Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference versions of Arduino, moving forward. The
Uno is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the
Arduino platform; for a comparison with previous version

2.2

Schematic & Reference Design

The Arduino reference design can use an Atmega8, 168, or 328, Current models use an
ATmega328, but an Atmega8 is shown in the schematic for reference. The pin configuration is
identical on all three processors.

2.3

Summary

Microcontroller
Operating Voltage

ATmega328
5V

Input Voltage
(recommended)

7-12V

Input Voltage (limits)

6-20V

Digital I/O Pins

14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins

DC Current per I/O Pin

40 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin

50 mA

Flash Memory
SRAM

32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by

bootloader
2 KB (ATmega328)

EEPROM

1 KB (ATmega328)

Clock Speed

16 MHz

2.4

Power

The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The
power source is selected automatically.
External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The
adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack.
Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector.
The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V,
however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more
than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended range is 7
to 12 volts. The power pins are as follows:
VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as
opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can
supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it
through this pin.
5V.This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be supplied
with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB connector (5V), or the VIN pin of
8

the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can
damage your board. We don't advise it.
3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50
mA.
GND. Ground pins.
IOREF. This pin on the Arduino board provides the voltage reference with which the
microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read the IOREF pin voltage
and select the appropriate power source or enable voltage translators on the outputs for
working with the 5V or 3.3V.

2.5 Memory
The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used for the bootloader). It also has 2 KB of SRAM
and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROMlibrary).

2.6 Input and Output

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(),
digitalWrite(), and digitalRead()functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or
receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of
20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:
Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These
pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a
low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function
for details.
PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication
using the SPI library.
LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value,
the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.
The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide 10 bits of
resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts,
though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the
analogReference() function. Additionally, some pins have specialized functionality:
TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI communication using the Wire
library.
There are a couple of other pins on the board:
AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().
Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset
button to shields which block the one on the board.
10

2.7

Communication

The Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another
Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial
communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An ATmega16U2 on the
board channels this serial communication over USB and appears as a virtual com port to software
on the computer. The '16U2 firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and no external
driver is needed. However, on Windows, a .inf file is required. The Arduino software includes a
serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. The
RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the USB-to-serial
chip and USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1).
A Software Serial library allows for serial communication on any of the Uno's digital pins.
The ATmega328 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software
includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus; see the documentation for details. For SPI
communication, use the SPI library.

2.8

Programming

The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software.

The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preburned with a bootloader that allows you to
upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates
using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C headerfiles).
You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (InCircuit
Serial Programming) header; see these instructions for details.
The ATmega16U2 (or 8U2 in the rev1 and rev2 boards) firmware source code is available .
The ATmega16U2/8U2 is loaded with a DFU bootloader, which can be activated by:
On Rev1 boards: connecting the solder jumper on the back of the board (near the map of
Italy) and then resetting the 8U2.
On Rev2 or later boards: there is a resistor that pulling the 8U2/16U2 HWB line to ground,
making it easier to put into DFU mode.
You can then use Atmel's FLIP software (Windows) or the DFU programmer (Mac OS X
and Linux) to load a new firmware. Or you can use the ISP header with an external
programmer (overwriting the DFU bootloader). See this user-contributed tutorial for
more information.

11

2.9

Automatic (Software) Reset

Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Arduino Uno is
designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer. One of
the hardware flow control lines (DTR) of theATmega8U2/16U2 is connected to the reset line of
the ATmega328 via a 100 nanofarad capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken low), the reset
line drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino software uses this capability to allow you
to upload code by simply pressing the upload button in the Arduino environment. This means
that the bootloader can have a shorter timeout, as the lowering of DTR can be well-coordinated
with the start of the upload.
This setup has other implications. When the Uno is connected to either a computer running Mac
OS X or Linux, it resets each time a connection is made to it from software (via USB). For the
following half-second or so, the bootloader is running on the Uno. While it is programmed to
ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an upload of new code), it will intercept the first
few bytes of data sent to the board after a connection is opened. If a sketch running on the board
receives one-time configuration or other data when it first starts, make sure that the software with
which it communicates waits a second after opening the connection and before sending this data.
The Uno contains a trace that can be cut to disable the auto-reset. The pads on either side of the
trace can be soldered together to re-enable it. It's labeled "RESET-EN". You may also be able to
disable the auto-reset by connecting a 110 ohm resistor from 5V to the reset line.

12

2.10

USB Overcurrent Protection

The Arduino Uno has a resettable polyfuse that protects your computer's USB ports from shorts
and overcurrent. Although most computers provide their own internal protection, the fuse
provides an extra layer of protection. If more than 500 mA is applied to the USB port, the fuse
will automatically break the connection until the short or overload is removed.
2.11

Physical Characteristics

The maximum length and width of the Uno PCB are 2.7 and 2.1 inches respectively, with the
USB connector and power jack extending beyond the former dimension. Four screw holes allow
the board to be attached to a surface or case. Note that the distance between digital pins 7 and 8
is 160 mil (0.16"), not an even multiple of the 100 mil spacing of the other pins.

13

Chapter 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1

Circuit diagram

To connect and use the LCD Display with arduino we followed the Hello world example
from the Arduino Library Examples (http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LiquidCrystal). While the LCD
has an 8bit parallel connection it is possible to display almost everything with just 4bits.
To wire your LED screen to your Arduino, connect the following pins:
LCD RS pin to digital pin 12
LCD Enable pin to digital pin 11
LCD D4 pin to digital pin 5
LCD D5 pin to digital pin 4
LCD D6 pin to digital pin 3
LCD D7 pin to digital pin 2

14

Here is a picture illustrating how to connect the LM35 temperature sensor.

3.2

Source code
// Arduino LCD Ambient Temperature and temperature history graph Monitor.
// Displays Current temp, Max and Min Temperature and graph 30 logged averages of 10
temperature points sampled at defined period over time.
// Graph is created using the custom characters of an HC44780 16x2 LCD disply.
// To wire your LED screen to your Arduino, connect the following pins:
//LCD RS pin to digital pin 12
//LCD Enable pin to digital pin 11
//LCD D4 pin to digital pin 5
15

//LCD D5 pin to digital pin 4

//LCD D6 pin to digital pin 3
//LCD D7 pin to digital pin 2
// Additionally, wire a 10K pot to +5V and GND, with it's wiper (output) to LCD screens
VO pin (pin3).
// We used the on board power source (5v and Gnd) to power the LM35 and analog pin 0
(zero) to read the analog output from the sensor.
// 8/12/2014
// include the library code:
#include <LiquidCrystal.h> // include the LCD driver library>
//// PINS ////
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2); // Set the connections of LCD with Arduino.
//// I2C ADDRESSES ////
// DS1307 RTC chip
#define clockAddress (B1101000) // Not used here. This is for the next part of the
datalogger project
#define updatetime 300 // 6 box graph time = updatetime*10*30 milisec /1000 sec. This is
the period in milis that each sample is stored to array in memory (or same logging storage
in future)
unsigned int tempreadcount=0; // a counter for loops
byte test ;
float tempC = 0;
precision)

// variable for holding Celcius temp (floating for decimal points

float tempCp = 0; // variable for holding Celcius last temp (floating for decimal points
precision)
int tempPin = 0; // Declaring the Analog input to be 0 (A0) of Arduino board for LM35.
float volt = 4.85; // Volts at supply pins of LM35. Need this so that LM35 can correctly
read ambient temperature.
int ledPin = 13; // define the output for red led on Arduino board in this variable. Maybe in
other pin in future.
unsigned long currentTime; // This variable is need to keep current value of milis();
function
16

unsigned long loopTime; // This variable is need to keep updated value of milis(); function
for comparison reasons.
int temp = 0;
byte grafChar[8] = { // this is the array to feed to custom HC44780 lcd characted. Initialize
as empty (nothing is displayed.)
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000
}; // this is for the graph characher created
byte degChar[8] = { // array to feed custom LCD char to create the degrees symbol
B00110,
B01001,
B01001,
B00110,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000
};
float temparray[10]; // array to hold 10 temperature samples temperature measurements.
Evewytime is filled average of 10 is calculated and new point is added to graph.
int i=0; // counter for loops
int countcol; // column of custom character 5x8 array.
int mempos = 0; // custom LCD character number selection initialized , see setup for real
value
int glcdpos = 0; // first graph character position initialized, see setup for value real value
17

int temparraycounter=0; // position indicator for temp array

float mintemp = 20; // set initial minimum Temperature
float maxtemp = 22; // set initial minimum Temperature
float average = 0; // variable to hold average of temparray when it's filled/

// FUNCTIONS TO MAKE LOOP CODE SIMPLER AND BE ABLE TO REUSE TO

OTHER PROJECTS.
// function to get graph point height
int getheight ( float tempnow , float minT , float maxT ) { // takes measurements ,
minimum and maximum temperature and reurns a value from 0 to 7
if (tempnow <= minT) return 0; // lowest graph point
if (tempnow >= maxT) return 7; // highest graph point
if (tempnow > minT & tempnow < maxT) {
return (tempnow - minT)*8/(maxtemp - minT); // here is the way values from 1 to 6 are
calculated
}
}

// function to make graph point in hc 77480 special characters

int createpoint (int row, int col, int hcchar) { // takes as input the row(height) , the column
of custom char that it must be set, and custom character memory position at LCD.
lcd.setCursor(9, 1); // just to verify height . remove it afterwards
lcd.print(row); // just to verify height. remove it afterwards
row = 7 - row; // lcd character 0 is top left so invert coordinates
col = 4 -col; // lcd character 0 is top left so invert coordinates
while (row < 8 ){
bitSet(grafChar[row], col ) ; // this loop sets 1 the bit of the needed pixel and all below that
at graphChar bitarray so as to display a bar!
row++;
}
lcd.createChar(hcchar, grafChar); // write to custom character the contents of grafChar
array.
return 1; // not used
}
18

// function to set clear custom graph chararacter matrix (not an independent function, just to
make loop code neater
void clearchar() { // a quick way to set all grafChar bits back to zero so as to creat a new
one.
int countj=0;
while (countj < 8) {
grafChar[countj] = B00000;
countj++;
}
return;
} // end clear char
// function to clear range of LCD custom characters. Needs graph char to be set to nothing
first (clearchar)
void clearcustomchar (int first , int second) { // clear the custom character LCD memory at
the range given at function input.
int counter = first;
while (counter < second+1) {
lcd.createChar(counter, grafChar);
counter++;
}
return;
} // end clearcustomchar
// function to find average of temparray (not an independent function , just to clear the loop
code)
void averagecalc() {
temparraycounter = 0; // initialize counter
average=0; // set average variable back to zero
while (temparraycounter < 10) { // add the 10 temparray elements and store sum to average
average = average + temparray[temparraycounter];
temparraycounter++; // increase temparrayposition
}
average = (average / 10); // get average of 10 measurements
temparraycounter = 0; // needs to be set again to zero because it's used in various places.
19

} // end averagecalc()
// function to update min and max temp values whenever average is calculated. (not an
independent function , just to clear the loop code)
void minmaxupdate() {
if (average > maxtemp) { // update maximum temperature
maxtemp = average;
}
if (average < mintemp) { // update minimum temperature
mintemp = average;
}
} // end minmaxupdate
// END OF FUNCTIONS

void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // sets the digital pin as output
currentTime = millis();
loopTime = currentTime;
lcd.begin(16, 2); // set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:
lcd.createChar(0, degChar); // degrees Celcius symbol
// Intro text
lcd.setCursor(0, 0); // set LCD cursor position (column, row)
lcd.print("Gmen's second "); // print text to LCD
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Arduino project");
delay(5000); // wait 500ms
lcd.clear(); // clear LCD display
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Temp monitor with");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("6seg graph chart");
delay(5000);
20

lcd.clear();
// end intro text
clearchar(); // clear graph character array
clearcustomchar(1,6); // write the cleared grafchar array to custom LCD memory poitions
lcd.setCursor(10, 1); // set cursor to first graph LCD text elements.
lcd.write(1); // write to screen the first custom graph character.
lcd.setCursor(11, 1);
lcd.write(2);
lcd.setCursor(12, 1);
lcd.write(3);
lcd.setCursor(13, 1);
lcd.write(4);
lcd.setCursor(14, 1);
lcd.write(5);
lcd.setCursor(15, 1);
lcd.write(6);

countcol = 0;
mempos = 1; // defines first screen position for graph
glcdpos = 10; // first graph character position
lcd.setCursor(2, 1);
lcd.print((int)updatetime); // milis
} // end void setup

void loop () {
//get and print current temperature every second
tempC = ( volt * analogRead(tempPin) * 100.0) / 1024.0; // conversion math of LM35
sample to readable temperature and stores result to samples array. 1024 is the Bit depth
(quantization) of Arduino.
// 5 is the supply volts of LM35. Change appropriatelly to have correct measurement. My
case is 4.85Volts.
21

lcd.setCursor(9, 0);
lcd.print(tempC);
lcd.write(0);
lcd.print("C");
// update temparray every msec period set by updatetime constant
currentTime = millis();
if(currentTime >= (loopTime + updatetime)){
temparray[temparraycounter] = tempC; // store current temperature to temp array
digitalWrite(ledPin, !digitalRead(ledPin)); // toggles the LED on/off
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(temparraycounter);
temparraycounter++; // increase temparrayposition
loopTime = currentTime; // Updates loopTime
}

// end of get and print current temperature every second

// create a graph point every 10 seconds
if (temparraycounter == 10) {
digitalWrite(ledPin, !digitalRead(ledPin)); // toggles the LED on/off
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print((int)countcol);
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.print((int)mempos);
averagecalc(); // calculate average
minmaxupdate(); // update min and max values from average
lcd.setCursor(6, 0); // set positition to print max average temperature to display
lcd.print((int)maxtemp); // print max average temperature to display
lcd.setCursor(6, 1); // set positition to print min average temperature to display
lcd.print((int)mintemp); // print min average temperature to display
temp = getheight(average,mintemp,maxtemp); // call my getheight function to calculate
new point's heght value (0-7)
22

createpoint (temp,countcol,mempos); //gives graph column height,column and custom

LCD character number to function (mempos-9 makes custom character 1 the first custom
graph character).
countcol++; // increase column counter (0-4)
if (countcol == 5) { // if lcd element column is exceeded (5) then
mempos++; // go to next custom lcd char memory position
glcdpos++; // increase lcd element position
countcol=0; // go to new characters first column.
clearchar(); // clear the gradChar array
}
if (glcdpos == 16) { // if last graph elements is completed then
mempos = 1; //go to first custom lcd character
glcdpos = 10; // set the graph char position back to (10,1)
clearcustomchar(1,6); // erase all custom chars in LCD'S memory..
}
}
delay(100);
} // end void loop()

23

3.3

Flow Chart

24

3.4

PROGRAM

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <TinyGPS.h>
#include "SIM900.h"
#include "sms.h" SMSGSM
sms;
boolean started= false;
// GPS parser for 406a
#define BUFFSIZ 45 // plenty big int ledpin = 13; int knockSensor = A0; // the piezo is
connected to analog pin 0 int threshold = 30; // threshold value to decide when the
detected sound is a knock or not int sensorReading = 0; char buffer[BUFFSIZ]; char
*parseptr; char buffidx; uint8_t hour, minute, second, year, month, date; int latitude,
longitude; uint8_t groundspeed, trackangle; char latdir, longdir; char status;
void setup()
{
if (ledpin)
{
pinMode(ledpin, OUTPUT);
}
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600); // prints title with ending line break
Serial.println("GPS parser"); digitalWrite(ledpin,
LOW); // pull low to turn on!
}

void loop()
{ int tmp; sensorReading =
analogRead(knockSensor);
if
(sensorReading >= threshold)
{

25

Serial.print("\n\rread: "); readline(); // check if $GPRMC

(global positioning fixed data)
if (strncmp(buffer,
"$GPRMC",6) == 0)
{
// hhmmss time data
parseptr
= buffer+7;
tmp =
parsedecimal(parseptr);
hour =
tmp / 10000;
minute = (tmp / 100)
% 100;
second = tmp % 100;
parseptr = strchr(parseptr, ',') + 1;
status = parseptr[0];
parseptr +=
2;
// grab latitude & long data
// latitude
latitude =
parsedecimal(parseptr);
if
(latitude != 0)
{
latitude *= 10000;
strchr(parseptr, '.')+1;
parsedecimal(parseptr);

parseptr =
latitude +=

}
parseptr = strchr(parseptr, ',') + 1;
// read latitude N/S data
if
(parseptr[0] != ',')
{
latdir = parseptr[0];
}
Serial.print(latdir);
// longitude
parseptr = strchr(parseptr, ',')+1;
longitude = parsedecimal(parseptr);
(longitude != 0)

if

{
longitude *= 10000;
26

parseptr = strchr(parseptr, '.')+1;

longitude += parsedecimal(parseptr);
}
parseptr = strchr(parseptr, ',')+1;
// read longitude E/W data
if
(parseptr[0] != ',')
{
longdir = parseptr[0];
}
Serial.print(longdir);

// groundspeed
parseptr =
strchr(parseptr, ',')+1;
groundspeed =
parsedecimal(parseptr);
// track angle
parseptr =
strchr(parseptr, ',')+1;
trackangle =
parsedecimal(parseptr);

// date
parseptr =
strchr(parseptr, ',')+1;
tmp =
parsedecimal(parseptr);
date =
tmp / 10000;
month = (tmp /
100) % 100;
year = tmp % 100;
Serial.print("\nTime: ");
Serial.print(hour, DEC); Serial.print(':');
Serial.print(minute, DEC); Serial.print(':');
Serial.println(second, DEC);
Serial.print("Date: ");
Serial.print(month, DEC); Serial.print('/');
Serial.print(date, DEC); Serial.print('/');
Serial.println(year, DEC);

27

Serial.print("Lat: ");
if (latdir == 'N')
Serial.print('+');
else
if (latdir == 'S')
Serial.print('-');
Serial.print(latitude/1000000, DEC); Serial.print('\'); Serial.print(' ');
Serial.print((latitude/10000)%100, DEC); Serial.print('\''); Serial.print(' ');
Serial.print((latitude%10000)*6/1000, DEC); Serial.print('.');
Serial.print(((latitude%10000)*6/10)%100, DEC); Serial.println('"');

Serial.print("Long: ");
if (longdir == 'E')
Serial.print('+');
else
if (longdir == 'W')
Serial.print('-');
Serial.print(longitude/1000000, DEC); Serial.print('\'); Serial.print(' ');
Serial.print((longitude/10000)%100, DEC); Serial.print('\''); Serial.print(' ');
Serial.print((longitude%10000)*6/1000, DEC); Serial.print('.');
Serial.print(((longitude%10000)*6/10)%100, DEC); Serial.println('"');
Serial.print(latitude);
Serial.print(longitude);
latitude=lati[10];
longitude=longi[10];
Serial.print(lati);
Serial.print(longi);
Serial.println(buffer);
delay(1000);
Serial.println("GSM Testing to send SMS");
if (gsm.begin(9600))
{
Serial.println("\nstatus=READY");
started=true;
}
else
{
28

Serial.println("\nstatus=IDLE");
}
if(started)
{
if (sms.SendSMS("+919052378836", "accident has occured at"))
if (sms.SendSMS("+919052378836", buffer))
Serial.println("\nSMS sent OK");
}
}
}
}
uint32_t parsedecimal(char *str)
{ uint32_t d = 0;
while (str[0] != 0)
{
if ((str[0] > '9') || (str[0]
< '0'))
return d;
d *= 10;
d += str[0] - '0';
str++;
}
return d;
}
void readline(void)
{
c;

char

buffidx = 0; // start at begninning

while (1)
{
c=Serial.read()
;
if (c == -1)
continue;
Serial.print(c);
if (c == '\n')
continue;
if ((buffidx == BUFFSIZ-1) || (c == '\r'))
{
0;

buffer[buffidx] =
return;
}
29

buffer[buffidx++]= c;
}
}
BIBLIOGRAPHY
i. Intro to Embedded systems, By Shibu, 2009. ii.
GRIET Arduino manual
iii.

Data sheet for GPS module from Rhydolabz

iv.

Data sheet for GSM module from Simplelabz

30

31