Material # 2

Displaying Status Bar Notifications in Android

Profesor: Arn Elas HERRERA PONTE
Mtodo:
Vamos a ir agregando los componentes uno por uno a nuestra nueva interface.
Se mostrar, paso a paso, el contenido del archivo XML.
As mismo,
Se mostrar el cdigo android, que se debe escribir para controlar a cada
componente de la interface.
Nota: Los nuevos bloques de cdigo son mostrados en color ROJO.
En resumen:
Vamos a ir agregando cada componente en el archivo XML y
Vamos a escribir el cdigo android en la clase JAVA para controlar los componentes.
Desarrollo:

PARTE I: Simple Alarm System

Developers of Android are no doubt familiar with the Toast class, which displays a little
pop-up containing whatever message you want to display to the user. However, the Toast
pop-up will automatically dismiss itself after a while, making it useful as a tool to provide
timely feedback to the user (such as informing the user that a file has been saved
successfully), but not a really good tool to use for some asynchronous action (such as
telling the user that an incoming SMS message has arrived). For the latter, you can make
use of the Status Bar Notification feature of Android, which displays a persistent
notification on the status bar of your Android device. This notification can be dismissed
when the user has read it, and thus this makes it a good tool for delivering notifications to
the users to respond at their convenience. In this article, I shall walk you through the steps
to creating status bar notifications for your Android application.
Creating the Project
Using Eclipse, create a new Android project and name it UsingNotifications

For this project, you will be building a simple alarm system that allows the users to set a
date and time for the alarm to trigger. Once the specified date and time is reached, you
will display another activity containing some additional information.
First, modify the main.xml file as follows:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/hello" />

<DatePicker
android:id="@+id/datePicker"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<TimePicker
android:id="@+id/timePicker"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnSetAlarm"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Set Alarm" />
</LinearLayout>

This creates the UI as shown in the next figure:

Add a new XML file to the res/layout folder and name it alarmdetails.xml. Populate it as
follows:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Details of the alarm..." />
</LinearLayout>

This creates a very simple UI with a message as shown in the next figure:

Add a new Class file to the com.android.tienda package and name it AlarmDetails.java.
Populate it as follows:
package com.android.tienda;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class AlarmDetails extends Activity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.alarmdetails);
}
}

Add the following block of code in bold to the AndroidManifest.xml file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.android.tienda"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0">
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" />
<application android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity android:name="MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>

</activity>
<activity android:name=".AlarmDetails"
android:label="Details of the alarm">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.android.tienda.AlarmDetails" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>

So basically, the user will select the date and time for the alarm to go off. Once the alarm
goes off, it will display the AlarmDetails activity. The next section shows how to create the
alarm.
Creating an Alarm
To schedule an alarm in Android, you can make use of the AlarmManager class. The
AlarmManager class allows you to schedule an alarm to be triggered at a particular date
and time.
Add the following statements in bold to the MainActivity.java file:
package com.android.tienda;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import

java.util.Calendar;
android.app.AlarmManager;
android.app.PendingIntent;
android.content.Intent;
android.view.View;
android.widget.Button;
android.widget.DatePicker;
android.widget.TimePicker;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

TimePicker timePicker;
DatePicker datePicker;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
//---Button view--Button btnOpen = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnSetAlarm);
btnOpen.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {

timePicker = (TimePicker) findViewById(R.id.timePicker);

datePicker = (DatePicker) findViewById(R.id.datePicker);
//---use the AlarmManager to trigger an alarm--AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager) getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
//---get current date and time--Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
//---sets the time for the alarm to trigger--calendar.set(Calendar.YEAR, datePicker.getYear());
calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH, datePicker.getMonth());
calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, datePicker.getDayOfMonth());
calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, timePicker.getCurrentHour());
calendar.set(Calendar.MINUTE, timePicker.getCurrentMinute());
calendar.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
//---PendingIntent to launch activity when the alarm triggersPendingIntent displayIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
getBaseContext(), 0,
new Intent("com.android.tienda.AlarmDetails"), 0);
//---sets the alarm to trigger--alarmManager.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP,
calendar.getTimeInMillis(), displayIntent);
}
});
}

The above code uses the Calendar class to obtain the current date and time. It then sets
the date and time specified by the user and uses this information to arm the
AlarmManager object. The PendingIntent object (displayIntent) is used to invoke the
AlarmDetails activity when the alarm is triggered.
To test the application, press F11 to deploy the application on the Android emulator. The
next figure shows the application running. Select a date and time that is later than the
current time (a suggestion is to set it to one minute later) and wait for the alarm to trigger.

PARTE II: Creating Notifications

The previous example shows how you can schedule an activity to be launched at a
particular time. However, the experience can be a little disruptive. Suppose you scheduled
the alarm to trigger half an hour later. When the alarm is triggered, you might be doing
something else and immediately, the screen will cut into the AlarmDetails activity. A better
way to manage the experience is to put a notification into the status bar informing the
user that the alarm has been triggered. The user can then respond to the notification at
his convenience. Hence, in this section you will modify the project that you have created
in the previous section to send a notification to the status bar when the alarm is triggered.
Add a new Class file to the package name and name it DisplayNotifications.java. Populate
it as follows:
package com.android.tienda;
import
import
import
import
import
import

android.app.Activity;
android.app.Notification;
android.app.NotificationManager;
android.app.PendingIntent;
android.content.Intent;
android.os.Bundle;

public class DisplayNotifications extends Activity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//---get the notification ID for the notification;
// passed in by the MainActivity--int notifID = getIntent().getExtras().getInt("NotifID");
//---PendingIntent to launch activity if the user selects
// the notification--Intent i = new Intent("com.android.tienda.AlarmDetails");
i.putExtra("NotifID", notifID);
PendingIntent detailsIntent =
PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, i, 0);
NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager)
getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
Notification notif = new Notification(
R.drawable.icon,
"Time's up!",
System.currentTimeMillis());
CharSequence from = "AlarmManager - Time's up!";
CharSequence message = "This is your alert, courtesy of the AlarmManager";
notif.setLatestEventInfo(this, from, message, detailsIntent);

//---100ms delay, vibrate for 250ms, pause for 100 ms and

// then vibrate for 500ms--notif.vibrate = new long[] { 100, 250, 100, 500};
nm.notify(notifID, notif);
//---destroy the activity--finish();
}

This activity will be called by the AlarmManager object when the alarm is triggered. Its
main use is to add a notification to the status bar through the use of the
NotificationManager class. Here, when a notification is added to the status bar, you will
also cause the device to vibrate, through the use of the vibrate property of the Notification
object. Note that every notification you create in your application has a unique identifier
so that later on you can use it to programmatically dismiss the notification. In this activity,
the identifier is passed in from the MainActivity activity. The PendingIntent object
(detailIntent) in this activity allows the user to invoke another activity when the
notification is tapped. In this case, tapping the notification in the status bar will invoke the
AlarmDetails activity. Finally, as this activity does not have an UI, you can simply call the
finish() method at the end of the onCreate() method to destroy the activity.
Modify the MainActivity.java as shown in bold below:
package com.android.tienda;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import

java.util.Calendar;
android.app.AlarmManager;
android.app.PendingIntent;
android.content.Intent;
android.view.View;
android.widget.Button;
android.widget.DatePicker;
android.widget.TimePicker;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

TimePicker timePicker;
DatePicker datePicker;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
//---Button view--Button btnOpen = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnSetAlarm);
btnOpen.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

public void onClick(View v) {

timePicker = (TimePicker) findViewById(R.id.timePicker);
datePicker = (DatePicker) findViewById(R.id.datePicker);
//---use the AlarmManager to trigger an alarm--AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager) getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);
//---get current date and time--Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
//---sets the time for the alarm to trigger--calendar.set(Calendar.YEAR, datePicker.getYear());
calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH, datePicker.getMonth());
calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, datePicker.getDayOfMonth());
calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, timePicker.getCurrentHour());
calendar.set(Calendar.MINUTE, timePicker.getCurrentMinute());
calendar.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
//---PendingIntent to launch activity when the alarm triggers--Intent i = new Intent("com.android.tienda.DisplayNotifications");
//---assign an ID of 1--i.putExtra("NotifID", 1);
PendingIntent displayIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
getBaseContext(), 0, i, 0);
//---sets the alarm to trigger--alarmManager.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP,
calendar.getTimeInMillis(), displayIntent);
}
});
}

Here, you simply make the AlarmManager invoke the DisplayNotification activity when the
alarm is triggered. You use an ID of 1 to identify the notification. If you want to display
multiple notifications, you must use a unique ID for each notification.
Modify the AlarmDetails.java as follows:
package com.android.tienda;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class AlarmDetails extends Activity {
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.alarmdetails);
//---look up the notification manager service--NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager)
getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
//---cancel the notification--nm.cancel(getIntent().getExtras().getInt("NotifID"));

The AlarmDetails activity will be displayed when the user taps on the notification on the
status bar. In this case, once the activity is displayed, you will dismiss the notification
using the cancel() method of the NotificationManager object. This method takes in the ID
of the notification, which you have passed in earlier through the MainActivity and
DisplayNotification activities.
Add the following code to the AndroidManifest.xml file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.android.tienda"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0">
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE"></uses-permission>
<application android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity android:name="MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity android:name=".AlarmDetails"
android:label="Details of the alarm">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.android.tienda.AlarmDetails" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity android:name=".DisplayNotifications" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.android.tienda.DisplayNotifications" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>

</application>
</manifest>

Finally, you can now test the application. Press F11 in Eclipse to test the application on the
Android emulator. When the application is loaded, select a time and click the Set Alarm
button. Once this is done, click the Back button to dismiss the activity. When the alarm is
triggered, you will see the notification on the status bar (see the next figure).

Clicking and dragging the status bar down will reveal the details of the notifications (see
the Next figure).

Summary
In this article, you have seen how to display a status notification in your Android
application. Through this example, you have also got the chance to see how to use the
AlarmManager class to set an alarm in your application.
Fuente
http://mobiforge.com/developing/story/displaying-status-bar-notifications-android